1. Supreme commander of Allied forces in Europe + commander of D-Day Invasion

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1 Name Class Pd Teacher WORLD WAR II A correct and completed test review will earn you the right to complete test corrections after the test is scored IF YOU ARE ABSENT ON TEST DAY YOU ARE EXPECTED TO TAKE THE TEST ON THE DAY YOU RETURN. Test corrections will be offered on your own time (after school) Test corrections must be completed within 4 calendar days of grade being posted in gradebook Each test question correction will be worth 50% of original and can earn student a maximum grade of a 70. I. Who to know: Dwight D. Eisenhower Winston Churchill Chester Nimitz GI Flying Tigers Douglas MacArthur Benito Mussolini Adolf Hitler Tuskegee Airmen women Joseph Stalin Omar Bradley George Patton George Marshall Hideki Tojo Rosie the Riveter Jews Emperor Hirohito Navajo Code talkers Axis Franklin D. Roosevelt Allies Harry S. Truman American Auto worker Vernon Baker A. Philip Randolph WACs 1. Supreme commander of Allied forces in Europe + commander of D-Day Invasion 2. US President during most of WWII. Before the Pearl Harbor attack, he was committed to helping the British and other European democracies threatened by Hitler. He believed the US should be the Arsenal of Democracy and that this commitment could keep the US out of the war. Held office for 4 terms. 3. President as a result of the death of FDR. Made the decision to drop atomic bombs on Japan to save the lives of American soldiers and Japanese civilian lives by averting an all-out invasion of Japan 4. Commander of the US Navy in the Pacific & leader in the Island Hopping Campaign. Commanded US forces in the Battle of Midway. 5. Leader of the Soviet Union during WWII; US Ally WWII 6. Prime Minister of Great Britain during WWII: US Ally WWII 7. Der Fuhrer, Leader of Nazi Germany during WWII 8. Fascist leader of Italy during WWII 9. The supreme authority in Japan. The Japanese surrender was delayed due to the fierce loyalty the Japanese people held for him. They resisted unconditional surrender because they feared he would be removed from power 10. Britain, France, USA, USSR (The Big 4) + many others 11. Germany, Italy, Japan

2 12. US Army General in the Pacific who fulfilled his promise to return to the Philippines 13. Although many fell into the undesirable category, Hitler s blame for Germany s defeat in WWI fell primarily on this group and they suffered greatly during the Holocaust 14. Any US soldier during WWII 15. we were recruited into the Marine Corps to transmit telephone and radio messages in the PTO. We translated messages into a coded version of our complex language. The Japanese never deciphered our code, allowing us to securely transmit vital military info. 16. members of a US army unit created during WWII to enable women to serve in noncombat positions 17. We were recruited into the military to free up a man for combat. My military duties included things like pilot training and mechanics at bases in the US 18. symbol used to recruit female wartime industry workers during WWII 19. I was a civil rights activist who, during WWII, planned a march on Washington to protest discrimination in the war industry workforce. I called off the march only after FDR signed Executive Order 8802 that banned racial discrimination at gov t defense factories and established the Fair Employment Practices Committee to enforce it 20. we were a volunteer group of US pilots officially known as the 1 st American Volunteer Group of the Chinese Air Force. We operated out of Burma before US entry into WWII and helped to defend China against Japanese aggression. 21. I received the Congressional Medal of Honor for my heroics in the ETO. I received the award 52 years after the event and was the only black American WWII veteran to receive this honor while still living 22. I am the Japanese military Chief of Staff who ordered the Japanese attack on the US at Pearl Harbor 23. I am a member of the famous all-black fighter pilot group that served in the ETO. My function was to escort and protect bomber planes from German fighters on their bombing missions. Helped integration of the armed forces. 24. I work for the industry that produced over 1/3 of all military equipment made during WWII 25. Charismatic US Army General who participated in invasion of N. Africa and Sicily. Most famous for leading the US 3 rd Army across Germany, liberating 81k miles of territory in quick time 26. Led US forces in D-Day invasions. His troops seized 1 st bridgehead over Rhine River into Germany 27. US Army General who served as Chief of Staff during WWII; known as a great organizer, he was responsible for the training and equipping US forces during WWII

3 II. Significant military actions in WWII: Battle of the Bulge Battle of Stalingrad Pearl Harbor Battle of Midway Battle of the Atlantic Battle of Leyte Gulf Invasion of Poland Battle of Britain D-Day Invasion of China Atomic Bomb V-J Day Battle of Coral Sea Island Hopping Campaign Manhattan Project V-E Day Strategic Bombing Campaign Bataan Death March European Theater of Operation (ETO) Pacific Theater of Operation (PTO) 28. Sept 1, 1939, Official start of WWII 29. Dec. 7, 1941, Japanese attack on Hawaii. Brought US into WWII 30. Allies successful effort to protect shipping lanes between North America and Europe 31. The goal of this air war was to destroy select military targets in an effort to destroy Axis war-making capabilities 32. Because Americans broke the Japanese Naval Code, we knew they were coming. The Japanese loss in the battle marks a turning point in the Pacific stopped the Japanese from advancing in the Pacific and from any hope of taking Hawaii 33. This battle was important for Germany. They hoped to destroy the Soviet economy by capturing the Volga River and cutting of the Soviets from their resource producing regions. Germany s loss in the battle was a turning point on Europe s Eastern front. Germany s advance into the USSR was halted 34. This refers to US military operations against Japan in the Pacific Ocean & its islands. 35. This refers to US military operations against Germany/ Italy in Europe & North Africa 36. Air war. Brit RAF pilots saved Britain from German invasion with the use of radar 37. With the fall of the Philippines to the Japanese in 1942, 78,000 captured American and Filipino soldiers endured terrible hardships as Prisoners of War (POWs) of the Japanese 38. This strategy was supported by Admiral Nimitz. It involved taking select Pacific islands in the effort to get close enough to Japan to begin aerial bombing there and for an eventual invasion. The strategy was successful. With the taking of Iwo Jima and Okinawa, US forces began an air campaign and secured a place from which an invasion could be launched if necessary 39. Largest naval engagement in history. Wiped out much of Japanese Naval fleet. Marked MacArthur s return to the Philippines 40. This was the secret American program to build the atomic bomb.

4 41. After the US dropped 2 of these on Japan in August The Japanese surrendered and the war was over! 42. Dec Last major German offensive - temporarily caused allied forces to retreat 43. This occurred in 1931 and again in The Japanese hoped to secure the Manchuria region from which they stood to gain valuable resources 44. The American victory in this naval battle kept US supply lines to Australia open 45. June 4, Launch of Operation Overlord Allies invade beaches of Normandy. Commanded by General Dwight D. Eisenhower. Opened second front in Europe, began the liberation of Europe. Part of the success of this mission can be attributed to the Allies use of Deception. The Germans were misled to believe that the actual invasion would take place at Pas de Calais, though the real target was Normandy. 46. May 8, Victory Europe! The war in Europe is over! 47. Sept 2, Victory Japan! The war in the Pacific is over! III. Life on the Homefront cost-plus system victory gardens Koramatsu v. US rationing Bracero Program Double V Campaign 2 nd Great Migration Executive Order 9066 Selective Service Act 1940 Office of War Information Fair Employment Practices Commission e-bonds/liberty bonds/victory bonds 48. After a challenge to Executive Order 9066, the Supreme Court ruled that relocating Japanese-Americans to internment camps was constitutional because it represented a military urgency and wasn t based on race 49. The majority of the cost of WWII covered by the sale of these 50. This is the movement of many black Americans to industrial cities to take advantage of higher-paying defense industry jobs 51. This gov t agency was responsible for the war time propaganda that encouraged Americans to support the war effort. They launched a very successful poster campaign and enlisted the help of Hollywood to relay their messages. 52. Showing a spirit of volunteerism, Americans planted these to save much of our commercially produced food for the war effort 53. This was promoted by the Office of Price Administration in an effort to conserve essential goods for military use and ensure fair distribution of scarce goods. 54. FDR signed this into law. It required people of Japanese ancestry living in west coast states to report to relocation/internment camps where they spent the duration of the war.

5 55. The US government launched this to address a labor shortage in the Southwest agricultural community. It allowed Mexicans to enter the US as migrant farm workers during the war 56. This re-instituted the draft in the US. Though the US was officially neutral at the time, the fall of France inspired the gov t to prepare for possibility of US involvement in the conflict. 57. This was created to enforce Executive Order 8802 and to ensure that American defense industries were not discriminating in hiring due to race, ethnicity etc. 58. The black community in the US largely supported US action in WWII but they also demanded more equality in the US after the war. The called for victory over Hitler s racism abroad and victory over racism here in the US 59. This program was launched in the US to speed up war time production. The US gov t promised financial incentives to companies that worked fast and produced a lot IV. Key Terms Munich Conference Kristallnacht Final Solution United Nations Holocaust Nuremberg Trials Nuremberg Laws Nye Committee Lend-Lease Act Destroyers for Bases Austrian Anschluss Neutrality Acts Liberty Ships 60. In Germany, these took citizenship away from German Jews, forbid intermarriage between Jews and other Germans, took away political rights and more. 61. At the Wannsee Conference, Nazi leaders decided on this which led to many Jews being sent to either concentration camps or extermination camps 62. This organization was created after WWII in an effort to keep world peace and provide humanitarian development 63. The German annexation of Austria violation of the Treaty of Versailles 64. The goal of these was to aid the Allies without involving the US in the war. Originally prohibited the US from selling war material to any nation at war, but later allowed for us to use a cash and carry method for both non-military and military items to continue to help our allies without sending American men into harms way. 65. These were the basic cargo ship of WWII. As they were welded instead of riveted, they were harder to sink and easier to repair. 66. In an effort to help the British without getting the US into the war, FDR finds a way to get around the cash provision of the Neutrality Act of 1939 he trades 50 aging destroyers for a 99 year lease on British bases in Canada and the Caribbean 67. The systematic murder, or genocide, of Jews and other undesirables by the Nazis before and during WWII.

6 68. Found that US arms manufacturers made huge profits during WWI. This contributed to an isolationist attitude in the US as it led many Americans to believe that the greed of arms manufacturers convinced Pres. Wilson to get us into WWI. 69. Nazi and Japanese leaders held accountable for war crimes during this event some to prison, some executed 70. Another way in which FDR helped our Allies without actually getting into the war: loaned military equipment to the British on the grounds that they would return it or pay rent for it after the war. Since it wasn t really a sale, it didn t violate the Neutrality Act of Nov 1938: German Jewish businesses and synagogues vandalized or ransacked. Thousands of Jews arrested and released if they agree to emigration (though forced to give up their possessions) 72. Appeasement! Germany is allowed to occupy the Czech region of Sudentenland (Germany speaking party of Czechoslovakia) despite a mutual defense alliance with France and the Soviets, the Czechs are told that if they resist, they will have to fight Germany on their own V. Government and Political Systems Fascism Nazism Isolationism Dictator Communism Socialism Internationalism Capitalism Nationalist Totalitarian Militarism 73. an economic and political system in which a country s trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state. 74. a member of a political party or group advocating national independence or strong national government. 75. a national policy of avoiding involvement in world affairs. 76. a way of organizing a society in which major industries are owned and controlled by the government rather than by individual people and companies. 77. a political system headed by a dictator that calls for extreme nationalism and often racism and no tolerance of opposition. 78. a national policy of actively trading with foreign countries to foster peace and prosperity. 79. a political theory derived from Karl Marx, advocating class war and leading to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs. 80. a ruler with total power over a country, typically one who has obtained power by force.

7 81. a political philosophy based on a totalitarian principle of government, extreme nationalism, racism, militaristic expansionism, and the supremacy of th4e fuhrer. 82. a government that maintains total control over its citizens. Individuals have no rights, and the government suppresses all opposition. 83. the policy of building up armed forces in aggressive preparedness for war and their use as a tool of democracy. VI. Questions 84. List the causes of the rise of dictatorships after WWI. 85. In addition to Jews, who were the Nazi s other targets and why? 86. List the reasons for the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor? 87. For what reason is WWII considered a turning point in US History?