Unit 13: World War II

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1 Name: Period: Unit 13: World War II Chapters 20 and 21 Pages Homework: 1- Vocabulary due on Wednesday, April 3 2- Textbook Reading Assignment due on Thursday, April 4 3- Should the United States have dropped the Atomic Bomb on Japan? writing assignment due on Quiz/Test on Essential Questions: 1- Was US involvement in WWII inevitable? 2- How did the war impact America s social, economic, and political institutions? 3- How are civil liberties challenged during times of conflict?

2 Causes of World War II Hitler defies Treaty of Versailles Munich Conference APPEASEMENT Japan Needs Raw Materials BLITZKRIEG

3 American Foreign Policy Between the Wars Allied Powers Axis Powers After World War 1, many Americans want the United States to return to a policy of. The Senate refuses to ratify the Treaty of Versailles and the US never joins the. The Washington Naval Conference The Kellogg-Briand Pact The Foreign Policy of F.D.R Good Neighbor Policy Internationalism 4

4 American Foreign Policy Between the Wars Neutrality Acts of 1935 and 1937 Cash and Carry Program Why would the United States force countries to come here to purchase supplies? If Great Britain goes down, the Axis powers will control the Continents of Europe, Asia, Africa, Austral-Asia, and the high seas. And they will be in a position to bring enormous military and naval resources against this hemisphere. The people of Europe who are defending themselves do not ask us to do their fighting. They ask us for the implements of war, the planes, the tanks, the guns, the freighters which will enable them to fight for their liberty and for our security. Emphatically, we must get these weapons to them, get them to them in sufficient volume and quickly enough so that we and our children will be saved the agony and suffering of war which others have had to endure We must be the great arsenal of democracy. What does FDR mean when he says that the United States must be the Arsenal of Democracy? Lend Lease Act Atlantic Charter Was the United States truly isolationists? 5

5 The U.S. Enters the War December 7, A Date Which Will Live In Infamy Causes for the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor On December 8, F.D.R asks Congress to declare war on Japan. Why does he need their approval? The Home Front: America during WWII The Selective Service Act Women s Auxiliary Army Corp Mobilization War Productions Board Rosie the Riveter Total War 6

6 Propaganda and the Expectations of America Citizens Office of War Information Propaganda How were the lives of Americans affected on the Homefront? Closure Question: What did the government mean when they asked each American family to be a fighting family on the homefront? 7

7 How are civil liberties challenged during times of conflict? Homework Directions: Read the textbook passage Japanese American Relocation on page 732 and create an outline of notes based on the reading I- Public Opinion towards Japanese Americans II- Roosevelt s Response III- Korematsu v. US IV- Japanese Contributions Analyzing Supreme Court Cases: Page 733 Supreme Court Case: Korematsu vs. U.S. (1944) Read page 733 and answer questions 1-3 on the following page. 8

8 War Strategy 1) 2) 3) 4) Victory in Europe D Day V.E. Day Nuremberg Trials Victory in Japan Bataan Death March Island Hoping President Roosevelt s Legacy 10

9 Should Have Truman dropped the Bomb? President Truman The Manhattan Project Hiroshima and Nagasaki The Japanese Surrender The Treatment of Japan after the War Impact of dropping the Bomb 11

10 Should the United States have dropped the Atomic Bomb on Japan? Document 1: James Byrne, US Secretary of State, speaking in Any weapon that would bring an end to the war and save a million casualties among American boys was justified, and we were talking about people who hadn t hesitated at Pearl Harbor to make a sneak attack destroying not only ships but the lives of many American sailors. I would have been satisfied had the Russians determined not to enter the war against Japan. I believed the A-bomb would be successful and would force the Japanese to accept surrender on our terms. I feared what would happen when the Red Army entered Manchuria. Document 2: Extract from The Roots of European Security by the Russian historian Vadim Nekrasov, Officially the Americans claimed that the bombings on Hiroshima and Nagasaki was aimed at bringing the end of the war nearer and avoiding unnecessary bloodshed and casualties. But they had entirely different objectives. The purpose of the bombings was to intimidate other countries, above all the Soviet Union. In other words the US decision to use atomic energy for military purposes was meant to produce a diplomatic and psychological impact, and this has since involved the world in a nuclear arms race. Document 3: an extract from Sanity the voice of CND (the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament), The Japanese were on the verge of surrender. General Groves, the engineer director of the atom bomb project was desperate to try the bomb. The military equipment was available and had been developed at a cost of $2,000 million. It would have been difficult to justify not using it after such a vast financial investment. Truman was very impressed with what he heard and believed the bomb should be used. For some reason the scientists failed to mention the longterm dangers of radiation. Document 4: Henry Stimson, American Secretary for War, writing in A demonstration in an uninhabited area was not regarded as likely to make Japan surrender. There was the danger of the test being a dud. Also we had no bombs to waste. Document 5: An extract from The Collins Encyclopedia of Military History, No one knows how long a fanatical Japan could have continued the war if the bombs had not been dropped. It is clear that these weapons combined with Soviet entry into the war, convinced the Japanese Emperor and Government that further resistance was hopeless. Document 6: An extract from President Truman s memoirs, All of us realized that the fighting would be fierce and the loses heavy. General Marshall told me it might cost half a million American lives. Document 7: American scientist advising the government, June 1945 A demonstration of the bomb might best be made on the desert or on a barren island. Japan could then be asked to surrender. Document 8: Letter from Truman to Irv Kupcinet, August 5, 1963 I appreciated most highly your column of July 30th, a copy of which you sent me. I have been rather careful not to comment on the articles that have been written on the dropping of the bomb for the simple reason that the dropping of the bomb was completely and thoroughly explained in my Memoirs, and it was done to save 125,000 youngsters on the American side and 125,000 on the Japanese side from getting killed and that is what it did. It probably also saved a half million youngsters on both sides from being maimed for life. You must always remember that people forget, as you said in your column, that the bombing of Pearl Harbor was done while we were at peace with Japan and trying our best to negotiate a treaty with them. All you have to do is to go out and stand on the keel of the Battleship in Pearl Harbor with the 3,000 youngsters underneath it who had no chance whatever of saving their lives. That is true of two or three other battleships that were sunk in Pearl Harbor. Altogether, there were between 3,000 and 6,000 youngsters killed at that time without any declaration of war. It was plain murder. I knew what I was doing when I stopped the war that would have killed a half million youngsters on both sides if those bombs had not been dropped. I have no regrets and, under the same circumstances, I would do it again - and this letter is not confidential. Sincerely yours, Harry Truman 12

11 Should Have Truman dropped the Bomb? Reasons for using the Atomic bomb against Japan Reasons for not using the Atomic bomb against Japan 13

12 Will V-Day Be Me-Day Too? By Langston Hughes Over There, World War II. Dear Fellow Americans, I write this letter Hoping times will be better When this war Is through. I'm a Tan-skinned Yank Driving a tank. I ask, WILL V-DAY BE ME-DAY, TOO? I wear a U. S. uniform. I've done the enemy much harm, I've driven back The Germans and the Japs, From Burma to the Rhine. On every battle line, I've dropped defeat Into the Fascists' laps. I am a Negro American Out to defend my land Army, Navy, Air Corps-- I am there. I take munitions through, I fight--or stevedore, too. I face death the same as you do Everywhere. I've seen my buddy lying Where he fell. I've watched him dying I promised him that I would try To make our land a land Where his son could be a man-- And there'd be no Jim Crow birds Left in our sky. Will the Jim Crow laws still stand? Will Dixie lynch me still When I return? Or will you comrades in arms From the factories and the farms, Have learned what this war Was fought for us to learn? When I take off my uniform, Will I be safe from harm-- Or will you do me As the Germans did the Jews? When I've helped this world to save, Shall I still be color's slave? Or will Victory change Your antiquated views? You can't say I didn't fight To smash the Fascists' might. You can't say I wasn't with you in each battle. As a soldier, and a friend. When this war comes to an end, Will you herd me in a Jim Crow car Like cattle? Or will you stand up like a man At home and take your stand For Democracy? That's all I ask of you. When we lay the guns away To celebrate Our Victory Day WILL V-DAY BE ME-DAY, TOO? That's what I want to know. Sincerely, GI Joe. So this is what I want to know: When we see Victory's glow, Will you still let old Jim Crow Hold me back? When all those foreign folks who've waited-- Italians, Chinese, Danes--are liberated. Will I still be ill-fated Because I'm black? Here in my own, my native land,

13 World War II Vocabulary 1. America First Committee (pg. 703) 2. Hemispheric Defense Zone (pg.704) 3. Cost Plus (pg. 716) 4. War Production Board (pg. 717) 5. Selective Training and Service Act (pg. 718) 6. Disenfranchisement (pg. 719) 7. Double V campaign (pg. 720) 8. Tuskegee Airmen (pg. 720) 9. Women s Army Corp (pg. 721) 10. Sunbelt (pg. 730) 11. Internment (pg. 732) 12. Rationing (pg. 734) 13. Victory Gardens (pg. 735) 14. Kamikaze (pg. 743) 15. United Nations (pg. 752)

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