World War II Chapter 11

Transcription

1 World War II Chapter 11

2 The Allies Turn the Tide Chapter 11 Section 1

3 Britain's New Best Friend December 22, 1941 Churchill meets with FDR at the White House They agree that Hitler is their #1 priority, why? Soviet Union needed help Only after Germany was defeated could Britain and USSR help defeat Japan

4 FDR and Churchill also decided they would only accept an unconditional surrender from the Axis

5 War in the Atlantic U-Boats immediately attack US shipping off of the east coast Seven months into 1942 U- Boats had sunk 681 Allied ships in the Atlantic These losses could have made the Allies lose the war How did they stop it?

6 Organized ships into convoys and sent Navy along for protection Used sonar and radar to find and sink the U-Boats Produced more ships US produced 102 ships 1943 US produced 140 ships a month This turns the tide in the Atlantic

7 The Eastern Front Brutal fighting between Germans and Russians Millions of men involved First great turning point of the war comes at Stalingrad

8 Stalingrad was on the Germans way to the Russian oil fields Battle lasts over 6 months House to house, hand-to-hand combat

9 Germans take 9/10 of the city Stalin refuses to let his soldiers retreat It is Stalingrad after all!!! Russians launch a huge counter attack Hitler will not let his men retreat either

10 February ,000 Germans finally surrender Started the battle with 330,000 Russians lose 1,250,000 men Russians are on the offensive from this point on in the war

11 Operation Torch The allied invasion of North Africa Why were they fighting for Africa? 107,000 Allied troops, mostly Americans invade

12 Tough desert fighting against the Afrika Corps led by Erwin Rommel, the Desert Fox General George Patton and Montgomery led the Allies May 1943 Allies conquer North Africa

13 Invasion of Italy Churchill wants to attack the soft underbelly of the Axis Invade Sicily in summer of 1943 Mussolini is stripped of power and arrested Italy joins Allies in September 1943

14 Hitler occupies Italy and places Mussolini back in power Takes Allies 18 months of hard fighting to conquer Italy

15 Bombing Germany England and USA bombed Germany night and day England did saturation bombing at night Dropping tons of bombs to cause massive damage USA did strategic bombing by day Bombing specific military targets

16 Bombing crews suffered a 20% casualty rate Tuskegee Airmen African-American fighter pilots Would escort bombers Never lost a single bomber in over 1,500 missions

17 Massive naval battle Japan had 5 carriers to America s 3 Japan ~300 planes, America 180 First 3 waves of American planes destroyed 4 th wave of dive bombers finds Japanese In 5 minutes most of the fleet is destroyed Japan lost 4 carriers, 3,500 men, and 300 planes Turns the tide of the war in the Pacific in favor of America Battle of Midway

18 Battle of Guadalcanal August 7, ,000 marines landed on Guadalcanal Fierce land and naval fighting for the next 6 months Fighting ends in February ,600 American deaths, 4,000 wounded 15,000 Japanese deaths, 9,000 deaths from disease, 1,000 captured First Island taken in the march to Japan

19 The Home Front Chapter 11 Section 2

20 Womanpower ~15 million men joined the military US needed people to fill these men s jobs 6,000,000 women entered the workforce Rosie-the-Riveter 2/3 returned to the home after the war Laid ground work for the feminist movement of the 1960 s and 1970 s

21 Wartime Migrations WWII caused many people to move around the US Again African-Americans left the South for Northern war jobs A. Philip Randolph African-American civil rights leader Demanded the right for Blacks to work and fight for their country Threatened to organize a massive protest in Washington DC FDR issued Executive Order 8802 forbidding discrimination in defense industries Why? Afraid a protest will hurt the war effort by making Americans look disunited African-Americans drafted into the military Military still segregated Fighting for a Double V Victory over dictators and racism

22 Bracero Program, 1942 US brought people from Mexico in to work in agriculture Zoot Suit Riots Mexicans discriminated against in the West Dressed in Zoot Suits 1943 American sailors on leave went around Los Angeles and started attacking Mexicans Mexicans then arrested for starting fights

23 Executive Order 9066 Japanese Americans 110,000 interned (placed in) in concentration camps Afraid they were spies Happened on West Coast Most were born in US, known as Nisei Korematsu v. US in 1944 US Supreme Court upheld constitutionality of internment

24 442 nd Regimental Combat Team Made up of all Japanese-Americans (~3,800) Fought in Italy, France, and Germany Most decorated unit in American history 21 Medals of Honor 560 Silver Stars 4,000 Bronze Stars 9,486 Purple Hearts

25 Costs of War War cost $330 billion Debt went from $49 billion to $259 billion People bought war bonds to help pay for the war

26 War Production Board created Oversaw the economy Told factories what to build Placed rations on certain items Gas, rubber, meat People given ration stamps Ceilings placed on prices and wages

27 Office of War Information (OWI) America s propaganda office that worked closely with the media and entertainment industries Tried to sell important ideas about the war to American people Victory Democracy Rationing War Bonds

28 Victory in Europe and the Pacific Chapter 11 Section 3

29 A Second Front 1943 Stalin, FDR, and Churchill meet at the Tehran Conference It was decided that England and USA would open a second front by invading France

30 Operation Overlord The Allied invasion of France

31 D-Day June 6, 1944

32 3 airborne divisions dropped behind enemy lines in the night American 101 st & 82 nd British 6 th Band of Brothers Clip

33 156,000 troops storm the beaches Light resistance everywhere except Omaha beach

34 Omaha Beach 1 st division and 29 th division landed in waves ~3,000 casualties on Omaha beach

35 Pointe-Du-Hoc German artillery on top of vertical cliffs overlooking Omaha beach US 2 nd Rangers job to take them out Climbed vertical cliffs while being attacked to take the guns out

36 Allies Advance Despite Omaha Allies hold beachheads Within a month 1 million Allied troops had landed in France Patton led US troops across France

37 Paris August 25, 1944 Paris was liberated Later that year FDR wins 4 th term

38 Battle of the Bulge Hitler s last offensive December 16, German divisions (~500,000 men) broke through American lines

39 First week of battle goes bad for the Allies Fog kept air force out of the battle Many new recruits manning the front line Many Americans surrender

40 Malmedy Massacre 120 American prisoners marched into an open field Germans open fire killing 86 Inspires American not to surrender

41 German offensive literally runs out of gas After a month Germans are pushed back Loose 120,000 troops, 600 tanks, 1,600 planes Germany on defensive for rest of war

42 End Game for Hitler American decide to let Russians capture Berlin Why? Fierce street fighting throughout Berlin Russians lose 305,000 Germans lose 325,000 April 30, 1945 Hitler shot himself blaming the Jews for starting the war

43 V-E Day May 8, 1945 America accepts Germany s unconditional surrender The war in Europe was over

44 Advancing in the Pacific America went on the offensive after Midway Island hopping Hopping over strategically unimportant islands

45 Navajo Code Talkers Marines recruited over 200 Navajos and used their language as a code Made up words for military terms "besh- lo" (iron fish) (Submarine) "dah-he- tih-hi" (hummingbird) (fighter plane) Code declassified in 1968 Code talkers honored in 1969

46 Battle to retake Philippines 178,000 Allied troops 738 ships Japanese start using kamikazes (suicide bombers) 16 ships sunk, 80 damaged Huge victory for Allies Japan lost 3 battleships, 4 aircraft carriers, and 400 planes Leyte Gulf

47 Iwo Jima US needed Iwo Jima as a base for bombing Japan 20,000 Japanese defending, only 200 survive 6,000 Marines die, most in any pacific battle to that point 27 Medals of Honor handed out

48 Okinawa FDR died of a stroke in April 1945 Harry Truman takes over as President of the USA Okinawa last stop before invading Japan Okinawa lasts from March until June 1945

49 1,900 kamikazes attack US ships, sinking 30 and killing 5,000 sailors Fierce fighting onshore 7,600 Americans killed 110,000 Japanese killed Could this be an indication of the fighting to come on mainland Japan?

50 The Manhattan Project The project was the construction of an atomic bomb Led by Robert J. Oppenheimer at Los Alamos, New Mexico

51 July 16, 1945 the first atomic bomb was detonated in Alamogordo, New Mexico Force of 21,000 tons of TNT Temperature at Ground Zero was 3 times as hot as the sun Heard 100 miles away Flash was visible 250 miles away Only took 2 yrs, 3 months, and 16 days to create the A Bomb

52 Hiroshima August 6, 1945 Enola Gay, a B29 bomber, dropped little boy over the Japanese city Hiroshima Less than a minute later Hiroshima no longer existed 80,000 people died instantly The temperature was 7,000 degrees Thousands more died over the years from radiation exposure

53 Nagasaki Japan still would not surrender Three days after Hiroshima another atomic bomb (Fat Man) was dropped on Nagasaki Half the city destroyed and ~40,000 killed

54 Victory (VJ Day) September 2, 1945 Japan officially surrenders on the deck of the battleship Missouri in Tokyo Bay