INDEX. in this web service Cambridge University Press

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1 INDEX Advanced Air Striking Force 29, 147 Aldington, Richard 4 All Our Yesterdays newsreels 10 Allies, WWII strategy 145, Amiens Battle of 64, Gestapo prison bombing 107 Anzio, combat conditions appeasement 28, 170 area bombing Armistice, WWI 95, 166, Army Air co-operation, failure of 147 Arnhem casualties 161 Arras, Second Battle of improvements in warfare tunnels artillery, WWI, modernisation 55, 129, 131, , Asquith, Herbert Henry, German invasion of Belgium 27 Attlee, Clement 165 Australian Corps, WWI , 142 B-17 bombers 115 battlefield conditions WWI 4 5 Western Front 4 5 WWII 4 Belgium, threat from Germany Berlin, bombing of 105 Beyond the Fringe 11 Blackadder Goes Forth 21 22, 48 49, 127 Blitzkrieg 70, 147 blood transfusion 71 Blunden, Edmund 4, Bomber Command defence of British Isles 36 strategic bombing of Germany accuracy , arguments in favour of 102 Berlin 105 casualties 105, , 117, 123: friendly fire contribution to victory 123 criticism of , Dam Busters raid Dresden Hamburg 105 Lancaster bombers 104, 110, 115 Mosquito fighter-bomber , 110, 115 oil targets , 114, 116 Operation Overlord 106, P51 Mustang fighter-bomber railways 112 Ruhr , 112 Sir Arthur Harris: bombing priorities ; successes

2 185 / bombing Bomber Command Luftwaffe 101 Britain post-wwi industrial and financial crisis 169, military position 168 national prestige 170 public appreciation of Army WWI economic vulnerability 90 friction with Allies 37 peace negotiation with Germany 37 propaganda against Germany WWII, loss of power 7, 164, British Army, WWII, learning process British Expeditionary Force WWI 31, combat conditions 62 63: boredom 68; comradeship 68; rest and recreation 66 67; training and fatigues 67 improvements in warfare 137 problems of expansion unpreparedness at outset WWII 29, see also Field Force Britten, Benjamin, War Requiem 23 Broodseinde, Battle of 135 Brooke, Rupert, Peace 62 Burma campaign 36 Cambrai, Battle of, improved artillery Canadian Corps, WWI 142 Casablanca Conference casualties WWI 3, 70 71, 72, WWII 6, 70 71, 72 Arnhem 161 Bomber Command 105: Dresden , 117; friendly fire medical advances 71 Operation Overlord 158 cavalry, WWI 142 Chamberlain, Sir Neville appeasement of Hitler 28, 170 Hitler s opinion of 28 29, 170 hopes Hitler will withdraw 29, 32 reluctance to bomb Germany 101 Chantilly, Allied Military Conference Christmas Truce Churchill, Sir Winston aggressive strategy appeasement of Roosevelt and Stalin as saviour of nation 60, 61 as writer 9 10 attitude to bombing campaign 101 electoral defeat First Lord of the Admiralty 26 keeps France in WWII on persecution of Jews 13, optimistic strategy post-dunkirk plan to attack Soviet Union Poland portrayal by Hitler 40 Potsdam Conference 175 Prime Minister promotion of tank warfare 43 reputation as leader 7, 9 support for Gallipoli campaign 31 support for strategic bombing of Germany 120 The Second World War 3, 9, 162 The Valiant Years 9 The World Crisis, criticism of generals WWII propaganda 5 Yalta Conference 174 cinema interpretation of WWI 2 Battle of Somme 4 interpretation of WWII 3, Clark, Alan, The Donkeys 18, comics, role in popularising WWII 10 command structure WWI 141 WWII 146

3 186 / communications North Africa campaign 152 North-West Europe, WWII 146 Operation Overlord 160 Western Front, WWI 50 51, 138, 141 Communism, East and Central Europe 176 comradeship, WWI 68 concentration camps 1, 3, 13 conscription WWI WWII 5 Coventry, bombing by Luftwaffe 101 creeping barrage 131, 132 Dad s Army 11 Dam Busters raid Declaration of London Desert Air Force 153 Dresden bombing of political reaction to post-war arguments about Dunkirk Field Force 147, 148 Royal Air Force 147 Eastern Front, WWII, defeat of German forces 3 Eden, Sir Anthony capture of Messines Ridge 134 meeting with Karski El Alamein, Battle of 153 evacuation, children 5 Field Force 28, 29, 55 56, 73 86, 145, 146, Dunkirk 147, 148 films see cinema First World War Armistice 166, attrition towards Germany Britain s failure to negotiate peace 37, 40 casualties comparison with WWII 70 71, 72 cavalry 142 combat conditions 4 5, 62 63, boredom 68 comparison with WWII 68 71, comradeship 68 rest and recreation training and fatigues 67 communications 50 51, 138, 141 defence strategy 29 30, 31, 34 35, 37 elite regiments 65, 66 futility of 1 German atrocities 38 German reparations German war aims 38 leadership media interpretation of 2, military achievements 6 7 naval blockade restrictions on neutrals 91 92, 97 negative stereotypical view of 1 3, 5, 7, 8, 17 24, , 165 post-war settlements 6 7, 95, reasons for Britain s involvement 3 4, 12 siege conditions 50, state control of economy 32 transformation of warfare 6 7, 64, artillery 55, 129, 131, , command structure 141 Royal Flying Corps 55, , 141 tanks 55, , 136 transport 50, 138 Treaty of Versailles 95, France invasion by Germany , blessing for Britain Gallipoli campaign 31 generals cavalrymen WWI misconceptions about WWII see also leadership Germany armaments production

4 187 / WWI WWII 124 atrocities, WWI 38 control of Mediterranean 33 defeat WWI , WWII 41 invasion of Low Countries and France 32 33, invasion of Poland 29, 31 lack of hostility towards naval blockade by Royal Navy WWI civilian death rate civilian shortages 90 91, 92 94, military shortages 94 professionalism WWI 51 WWII 60, , 147, 149, reparations, WWI strategic interest, WWI 4 submarine warfare, WWI 97, 99 threat to Belgium, WWI 27 war aims, WWI 38 Gordon Highlanders, Normandy Gort, Field Marshal Sir John, WWII 146 Graves, Robert 4 emphasis on horror of war 66, Grayling, A. C., criticism of strategic bombing Grey, Sir Edward, response to German invasion of Belgium 27 Guards regiments 65 gunnery see artillery Haig, Sir Douglas as national hero attitude to new technology 55 attitude to Press criticism of 42 Basil Liddell Hart Lloyd George Somme campaign Hamburg, bombing of 105 Hamel, capture of Hancock s Half Hour 11 Harris, Sir Arthur Chief of Bomber Command criticism of bombing priorities oil targets , 116 successes in Germany Hastings, Max, criticism of strategic bombing Hitler, Adolf attack on Soviet Union 40 occupation of Prague opinion of Chamberlain 28 29, 170 opinion of Churchill 40 unsystematic strategy Horrocks, Lieutenant General Sir Brian, showmanship idealism 15 16, 39 Irving, David, The Destruction of Dresden 117 Italy campaign 36, combat conditions Jews, persecution by Nazis Journey s End (R. C. Sherriff) 22 Karski, Jan, reports of persecution of Jews Katyn Forest, massacre of Polish officers 14 King s Own Scottish Borderers, 4th Batallion, combat conditions Kitchener, Field Marshal Lord, strategic plan 30, 31, Lancaster bombers 104, 110, 115 Larkin, Philip 62 leadership WWI age 54 cavalrymen challenge of BEF expansion communications German professionalism 51, 60 innovation misconceptions about: lives of luxury 51 53

5 188 / leadership (cont.) WWII charismatic lack of suitable officers 59 misconceptions about 53 League of Nations, President Woodrow Wilson 166 lend-lease agreement , 175 Lewis gun 131 Liberal government 1914, ignorance of warfare 26, 27, Liddell Hart, Captain Basil H criticism of Haig influence on media 48 on the Royal Navy blockade literature WWI 2 WWII 11 see also poetry; writing Littlewood, Joan, Oh! What alovelywar 18 20, Lloyd George, David criticism of Haig friction with military leaders 35 Khaki Election 164 Memoirs Treaty of Versailles 164 Locarno Treaty London, bombing by Luftwaffe 101 Loos, Battle of 50, 63, 128 low-level marking techniques 111 Lübeck, bombing of 104 Ludendorff, General Erich, Armistice 95, 139, 140 Luftwaffe 73 bombing of London and Coventry 101 dominance in fearsome reputation 29 lack of strength 33 loss of morale 110 Lusitania 91 Machine Gun Corps, WWI 138 Maginot Line 145 Messines Ridge, capture of 134 Middle East campaign 36 militarism, Prussian Monte Cassino, combat conditions Montgomery, Field Marshal Bernard as all-conquering general 61 Arnhem commander of Eighth Army Operation Overlord public relations 58 59, Mosquito fighter-bomber , 110, 115 Munich Agreement Mustang see P51 Mustang fighter-bomber national solidarity, WWII naval blockade WWI restrictions on neutrals 91 92, 97 Nazi persecution of Jews Nazi Soviet Non-Aggression Pact 16, 31 Normandy 1944 combat conditions role of Bomber Command 106, North Africa campaign 36, British successes , British weaknesses 150, Desert Air Force 153 Eighth Army 151, Field Marshal Montgomery poor communications 152 Royal Air Force see also Montgomery; Rommel North-West Europe, combat conditions Nuremberg Trials 3, 13 OBOE electronic guidance system 104, 105, 108, 111 Oh! What a Lovely War 18 20, oil targets, Bomber Command , 114, 116 Operation Battleaxe 151, 152 Operation Brevity 151 Operation Crusader 151, 153 Operation Overlord 157 casualties 158 communication failures 160 Field Marshal Montgomery

6 189 / manpower shortage 159 role of Bomber Command 106, tactical failures 160 USA 173 Ordnance Corps, WWI 138 Ottoman Empire, British attack on 31 Owen, Wilfred 22, 23 P51 Mustang fighter-bomber Panzer Group Africa Passchendaele see Ypres, Third Battle of Patch, Harry Pathfinder Force 104 Pearl Harbor, Japanese attack on penicillin 71 phoney war 16, 29, 146 Plumer, Field Marshal Herbert capture of Messines Ridge 134 Third Ypres campaign 135 visits to trenches poetry, WWI 2, 5, 22, 62, Poland Churchill strives to secure independence 174 German invasion of 29, 31 Polygon Wood, Battle of 135 Potsdam Conference 165, 175 propaganda WWI 38 39, 93, 96 WWII 5 6, 162 railways, bombing of 112 rationing 5 Remarque, Erich Maria All Quiet on the Western Front 22 emphasis on horror of war 66 Rommel, Field Marshal Erwin 60, , 155 Roosevelt, President Franklin D. Churchill Karski 14 Royal Air Force defence of British Isles 36 Dunkirk 147 North Africa campaign see also Royal Flying Corps Royal Artillery, WWI 138 Royal Engineers, WWI 138 Royal Flying Corps 55, , 141 see also Royal Air Force Royal Navy contraband control of Germany defence of British Isles 36 Royal Sussex Regiment 65 Royal Welch Fusiliers 65 Ruhr, bombing of , 112 Russia offensive against Austria see also Soviet Union Sassoon, Siegried 5 criticism of leadership 43 emphasis on horror of war 66, Scots Guards, 2nd Battalion, casualties 72 Second World War attrition towards Germany Britain s decline as world power 7, 8, 164, British Army learning process casualties Arnhem 161 comparison with WWI 70 71, 72, 162 medical advances 71 Monte Cassino 80 Operation Overlord 158 civilian privations 5 6, 16 combat conditions comparison with WWI 68 71, Italy campaign 77 81, North-West Europe Western Desert 73 77, 150 command structure 145, communications 146, 152, 160 defeat of Germany 41 disarming defence strategy 28 29, 30 31, lack of idealism leadership 53, manpower shortage 159, 164, 174 as moral crusade 13 national solidarity 16 17

7 190 / Second World War (cont.) propaganda 5 6, 162 reasons for Britain s involvement 4, stereotypical view of 1 2, 3, 5 6, 165 creation of myths 8 17, 161 strategic bombing of Germany see also Bomber Command transport shell shortage, WWI 50 shellshock Somme campaign 2, 34 civilian reaction to 4, 63 reasons for failure role of Haig strategic success? 132 Soviet Union Allies good relations with 15, 16 Churchill plans to attack defeat of Wehrmacht 164 influence of Communism in Europe 176 invasion by Germany 36, 40 Katyn Forest massacre 14 Speer, Albert Minister of Armaments and War Production 124 on Hamburg bombing 105 on Ruhr bombing , 124 Stokes mortars 131 submarine warfare, WWI 97, 99 sulpha-drugs 71 Sweden, effect of naval blockade, WWI 92 Tank Corps, WWI 138 tank warfare WWI 55, Battle of Cambrai 55, 136 promotion by Churchill 43 Third Battle of Ypres 136 WWII lack of preparedness Western Desert Taylor,A.J.P. on the naval blockade legacy 98 reinforcement of myths about WWI Teheran Conference television interpretation of WWI 2, 20 22, interpretation of WWII 10 parody and satire 11 Terraine, John, Haig: The Educated Soldier 20, 48 The Great War BBC television series The Monacled Mutineer 22 theatre, interpretation of WWI 2 transport WWI 50, 138 WWII Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 166 Treaty of Bucharest 166 Treaty of Versailles 95, disarming of Germany Lloyd George 164 resentment against trench warfare WWI 1, 63, relaxation of hostilities WWII 70, 73, 78, 81 Truman, President Harry S., terminates lend-lease 175 Turkey, Gallipoli operation 31 USA dominance in , entry into WWI 91 entry into WWII 36 37, 173 Operation Overlord 173 lend-lease agreement , 175 USAAF, bombing accuracy Verdun, Battle of veterans, WWI Vimy Ridge, capture of 133 Wehrmacht decision-making 161 North Africa campaign 150 professionalism, WWII 60, 72, 73, , 147, Weimar Republic 166, 168 downfall of

8 191 / Western Desert, combat conditions Western Front Britain increases war effort casualties 70 71, 72, cavalry 142 combat conditions 4 5, 62 63, command structure 141 communications 50 51, 138, 141 leadership siege conditions 50, transformation of warfare transport 138 Wilson, President Thomas Woodrow Fourteen Points 166 League of Nations 166 writing WWI 18 20, WWII 11 see also cinema; literature; poetry; theatre Yalta Conference Ypres, Third Battle of 2, 63, 132, Lloyd George s criticism of Haig Plumer s Second Army 135