Analysis of Demand in Mount Salak Endah Tourism Object in Bogor Regency

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1 EKO-REGIONAL, Vol. 12, No. 1, March 2017, pp Analyss of Demand n Mount Salak Endah Toursm Object n Bogor Regency By: Bunar Pandu Junor Hgh School Bogor Emal: bunaryasmo@yahoo.co.d ABSTRACT Ths research was to fnd out how s the demand to vst Mount Salak Endah toursm object. From the results of demand analyss of Mount Salak Endah toursm object, t was obtaned that: a) length of journey had a negatve effect on the number of vsts to Mount Salak Endah toursm object wth a coeffcent value of ; b) length of journey to other smlar toursm object (Puncak) had a postve effect on the number of vsts to Mount Salak Endah toursm object wth a coeffcent value of 0.501; c) percepton of admsson tcket prce to other smlar toursm object (Puncak) had a negatve effect on the number of vsts to Mount Salak Endah toursm object wth a coeffcent value of ; d) percepton of toursm facltes n Mount Salak Endah had a postve effect on the number of vsts to Mount Salak Endah toursm object wth a coeffcent value of 0.314; and e) percepton of culnary n Mount Salak Endah had a postve effect on the number of vsts to Mount Salak Endah toursm object. Keywords: Mount Salak Endah, Demand of Toursm Object, Travel Cost Method, Percepton of Toursm Facltes, Percepton of Culnary. ABSTRAK Peneltan n bertujuan untuk mengetahu bagamana permntaan untuk berkunjung ke objek wsata Gunung Salak Endah. Dar hasl analss permntaan objek wsata Gunung Salak Endah, dperoleh bahwa: a) panjang perjalanan memlk pengaruh negatf terhadap jumlah kunjungan ke objek wsata Gunung Salak Endah dengan nla koefsen - 0,753; b) Lama perjalanan ke objek wsata serupa lannya (Puncak) memlk pengaruh postf terhadap jumlah kunjungan ke objek wsata Gunung Salak Endah dengan nla koefsen 0,501; c) Perseps harga tket masuk ke objek wsata lan yang serupa (Puncak) memlk pengaruh negatf terhadap jumlah kunjungan ke objek wsata Gunung Salak Endah dengan nla koefsen -0,310; d) perseps fasltas parwsata d Gunung Salak Endah memlk pengaruh postf terhadap jumlah kunjungan ke objek wsata Gunung Salak Endah dengan nla koefsen 0,314; dan e) perseps kulner d Gunung Salak Endah memlk efek postf pada jumlah kunjungan ke objek wsata Gunung Salak Endah. Kata Kunc: Gunung Salak Endah, Permntaan Objek Wsata, Metode Baya Perjalanan, Perseps Fasltas Wsata, Perseps Kulner. INTRODUCTION Bogor Regency s one of the areas n West Java Provnce that has the potental of natural toursm and s located adjacent to DKI Jakarta. Ths makes the Bogor Regency as a major tourst destnaton, especally n nature toursm. The natural beauty of the mountans along ts varous advantages, makes ths area to be hghly demanded by the publc. Toursm potentals n Bogor Regency are nature toursm, culnary, shoppng, art, cultural toursm, and specal nterest toursm, namely educatonal toursm (Hermawan, 2016). Nature toursm 32

2 Analyss of Demand (Bunar) s one of the major tourst attracton offered to toursts who come to Bogor Regency (Agustne et al., 2016). The followng s the data of Development Performance of Publc Servce Aspects on Toursm Affars n n Bogor Regency. As a mountan wth fresh ar and natural beauty, Mount Salak Endah area has beautful and natural potentals such as Kawah Ratu, waterfall and natural hot water supported by a very supportve atttude of the populaton (Satra, 2009). The number of toursts vstng Mount Salak Endah toursm object n Bogor from 2010 to 2012 contnued to ncrease. Table 1. Development Performance of Publc Servce Aspects on Affars Toursm n No. Indcator Performance Realzaton Toursm Vsts 2,230,010 2,361,155 2,597,385 4,230,475 4,696,627 2 The contrbuton of the toursm sector to the GRDP at constant prces (%) 3 The contrbuton of the toursm sector to the GRDP at applcable prce of (%) Source: Regonal Development Work Plan 2014, Bogor Regency In toursm development, there are three aspects to be consdered, namely: Attractons, Amenty, and Accessblty. Seeng from the number of vsts to Mount Salak Endah toursm object, t shows an ncreasng trend, but the vstaton growth decreases. In general, the demand functon of the toursm object s affected by several factors, such as the travel cost to the tourst destnaton and other smlar toursm object, ndvdual/communty ncome, the length of the journey to the tourst destnaton and other smlar toursm object, the admsson prce of toursm object, nfrastructure, art attracton, envronmental condton and culnary n the tourst destnaton. Thus, the purpose of the research s to analyze the effect of travel cost to Mount Salak Endah toursm object, travel cost to the other toursm object, ndvdual ncome, length of journey, the percepton of the admsson prce, percepton of toursm facltes, percepton of envronmental condton and percepton of culnary on the number of vsts to Mount Salak Endah toursm object Jumlah Kunjungan number of vsts Fgure 1. Number of Vsts at Mount Salak Endah Nature Toursm n Source: Department of Culture and Toursm Bogor Regency, 2014 ANALYTICAL METHOD Ths research was conducted at Mount Salak Endah toursm object located n Pamjahan Sub-dstrct, Bogor Regency. Ths locaton was selected because Mount Salak Endah toursm object s one of the potental toursm objects, but the management has not managed ts potentals optmally. Ths research was conducted n December February

3 EKO-REGIONAL, Vol. 12, No. 1, March 2017, pp The object of ths research was Mount Salak Endah toursm object located n Pamjahan Subdstrct, Bogor Regency. Ths research used qualtatve data, data were n the form of words, not numbers. However, n the process of data analyss, the research data was transformed from qualtatve data nto quanttatve data. Ths was performed through encodng the respondents' answers. Accordng to the data source, the types of data of ths research were as follows: The research data was collected drectly at the research locaton. The party who became the source of research data was the vstors vstng Mount Salak Endah toursm object. The data collecton n ths research was performed by the followng methods: (1) Questonnare; Data collecton through questonnares was conducted by the researcher by provdng a lst contanng several questons to the respondents. The selected respondents were vstors of Mount Salak Endah toursm object that also vsted Puncak (Peak) toursm object n Bogor regency. (2) Documentaton; Documentaton method was used to collect secondary data through exstng documents as supportng data n ths research. The populaton n ths research was toursts vstng Mount Salak Endah Toursm Object. The bass for determnng the sample was Purposve samplng by selectng the sample purposvely, the number of respondents taken was based on research methods. Determnaton of the number of samples n ths research used Isaac Mchael Method (Arkunto, 2013) wth the followng equaton: Where: n = Number of Samples Z = Confdence/sgnfcance level α = 1 sgnfcance, and e = Error rate n = (Z /2) 2 e 2 From the calculaton usng the above equaton, t was obtaned the number of samples of 96 people by the researcher rounded to 100. There were 100 respondents ntervewed consstng of toursts n Mount Salak Endah toursm object. 100 respondents were taken as samples because the number of tourst populaton was unknown. Data were collected by questonnares prepared for each respondent (Hutasort and Sar, 2014). Ths research estmated the demand functon of Mount Salak Endah Toursm Object usng Travel Cost Method (TCM). The dfference was that ths research used varables of perceptons about toursm object, amenty and the envronment n Mount Salak Endah. Ths travel cost method examned the costs ncurred by ndvduals to vst recreatonal areas (Salma and Suslowat, 2014). By determnng the pattern of consumer spendng, t can be assessed how the value gven by consumers to natural resources and the envronment. Travel Cost Method was performed by usng nformaton about the amount of money spent to reach the recreatonal area to estmate the value of benefts from efforts to change the envronmental qualty of the vsted recreatonal area. The form of ts functon as n the research framework s as follows: j Q f C, Cs, I, T, Ts, P, Ps, Psw, Pkl, Pk Where: Q : Number of vsts by ndvdual to Mount Salak Endah C : Travel costs ncurred by ndvdual to vst the locaton of Mount Salak Endah CS : Travel costs ncurred by ndvdual to vst other smlar toursm object I : Income of ndvdual. T : Length of journey or dstance traveled by ndvdual to vst Mount Salak Endah TS : Length of journey or dstance traveled by ndvdual to vst other smlar toursm object 34

4 Analyss of Demand (Bunar) P : Percepton on Admsson Tcket Prce of Mount Salak Endah Ps : Percepton of Admsson Tcket Prce of Other Smlar Toursm Object Psw : Percepton of ndvdual on Mount Salak Endah toursm object. Pkl : Percepton of ndvdual on the envronmental condton of Mount Salak Endah toursm object Pku: Percepton of ndvdual on the culnary of Mount Salak Endah toursm object In statstcal crtera, 3 tests were appled n ths analyss. These three tests are partal sgnfcance test (t-test), coeffcent of determnaton (pseudo R 2 dan count R), and smultaneous sgnfcance test (LR stat). RESULT AND DISCUSSION Classcal Assumpton Test The results of normalty test ndcate normally dstrbuted resdual value, because the sgnfcance value s greater than the error rate of 0.05%. The one-sample Kolmogorov-Smrmov test ndcates that the Kolmogorov-Smrmov value s and the error probablty value s 87.3% greater than Thus, H0 s accepted because the resduals are normally dstrbuted. The multcolnearty test ndcates a lnear correlaton between some or all of the explanatory varables of the regresson model (Gujarat and Porter, 2009). The followng table ndcates that there s no multcolnearty, because VIF value does not exceed 10 and Tolerance value s less than Table 2. Multcolnearty Test Independent Varable Tolerance VIF Travel costs to Mount Salak Endah Travel Costs to Peak (Puncak) Indvdual Income Length of Journey to Mount Salak Endah Length of Journey to Peak (Puncak) Percepton of Admsson Prce of Mount Salak Endah Percepton of Admnsson Prce of Peak (Puncak) Persepton of Toursm Facltes Persepton of Envronmental Condton Percepton of Culnary The heteroscedastcty test ams to test whether there s a varance nequalty of resduals n the regresson model. Heteroscedastcty test n the research was performed by usng Glejser test by regressng the absolute resdual to the exstng ndependent varables. Table 2. Glejser Test Independent Varables t-statstc Travel Cost to Mount Salak Endah (C) Travel Cost to Peak (Cs) Indvdual Income (I) Length of Journey To Mount Salak Endah (T) Length of Journey to Peak (Ts) Percepton of Admsson Tcket Prce of Mount Salak Endah (Ph) Percepton of Admsson Tcket Prce of Peak (Phs) Percepton of Toursm Facltes (Psr) Percepton of Envronmental Condton (Pl) Percepton of Culnary (Pku)

5 EKO-REGIONAL, Vol. 12, No. 1, March 2017, pp Based on the results of classcal assumpton test, the classcal assumpton for ordnary least squre (OLS) method can be met, so that the analyss result can be used to analyze the demand of toursts to vst Mount Salak Endah toursm object, where the ndependent varables are travel cost to Mount Salak Endah, the travel cost to other smlar toursm object (Peak), Indvdual ncome, length of journey to Mount Salak Endah toursm object, length of journey to other smlar toursm object (Puncak), perceptons of admsson tcket prce of Mount Salak Endah, percepton of admsson tcket prce of other smlar toursm object (Peak), percepton of toursm facltes, percepton of envronmental condton and percepton of culnary. Hypothess Testng and Dscusson In the hypothess testng, t s presented several tests n accordance wth multple lnear regresson model, namely coeffcent of determnaton (R 2 ) test, smultaneous test (F test) and partal test (t test). Based on the tests, t can be obtaned the goodness of ft and varables affectng the dependent varable. The coeffcent of determnaton value (Adj R 2 ) shows the value of It means that varablty of dependent varable can be explaned by varablty of ndependent varable by 33.1%. Whle the remanng of 66.9% are explaned by other ndependent varables that are not ncluded n the regresson model. F value s wth a sgnfcance level of Seeng from the sgnfcant F value, t s obtaned that the value of F table wth DF1 = 10 and DF2 = = 86 s Thus, t s obtaned F count (4.255) > F table (1.94). Ths means that all ndependent varables smultanously have a sgnfcant effect on the number of vsts to Mount Salak Endah toursm object. Meanwhle, the partal test (t-test) ndcates that the ndependent varables partally have a sgnfcant effect on the number of vsts to Mount Salak Endah toursm object. Table 3. Result of Regresson Analyss of Demand to Mount Salak Endah Toursm Object Dependent Varables: Number of Vsts Independent Varables (Q) Β t-statstc P-Value Constant Travel Cost to Mount Salak Endah (C) Travel Cost to Peak (Cs) Indvdual Income (I) Length of Journey to Mount Salak Endah (T) *** Length of Journey to Peak (Ts) *** Percepton of Admsson Tcket Prce of Mount salak Endah (Ph) Percepton of Admsson Tcket Prce of Peak (Phs) * Percepton of Toursm Facltes (Psr) ** Percepton of Envronmental Condton (Pl) Percepton of Culnary (Pku) * F-statstc *** Sgnfcant 1% Prob (F-statstc) ** Sgnfcant 5% R * Sgnfcant 10% Based on the data obtaned, t s performed a regresson to generate the demand curve of tourst vst to be examned. The model used s the number of tourst vsts affected by travel cost travel to Mount Salak Endah, travel cost to other smlar toursm object (Peak), ndvdual ncome, length of journey to Mount Salak Endah toursm object, length of journey to other smlar toursm object (Peak), percepton of toursm facltes n Mount Salak Endah, percepton of admsson tcket prce of Mount Salak Endah toursm object, percepton of admsson tcket prce of other smlar toursm object (Peak), percepton of envronmental condton and percepton of culnary. 36

6 Analyss of Demand (Bunar) Based on the results of statstcal analyss of ten ndependent varables, there are fve ndependent varables n ths research that have sgnfcant effect on the number of tourst vsts to Mount Salak Endah toursm object, namely 1) length of journey to Mount Salak Endah toursm object (T); 2) length of journey to other smlar toursm object (Peak) (Ts), 3) percepton of admsson tcket prce of other smlar toursm object (Peak) (TS); 4) Percepton of toursm facltes (Psr); and 5) percepton of culnary (Pku). The constant value of can be nterpreted that f all the ndependent varables, namely travel cost to Mount Salak Endah toursm object (C), travel cost to other smlar toursm object (Peak) (Cs), ndvdual ncome (I), Length of journey to Mount Salak Endah toursm object (T), length of journey to other smlar toursm object (Peak) (Ts), percepton of admsson tcket prce of Mount Salak Endah (Ph), percepton of admsson tcket prce to other smlar toursm object (Peak) (TS), percepton of toursm facltes (Psr), percepton of envronmental condtons (Pl) and percepton of culnary (Pku), are consdered equal to zero or constant, then the number of vsts s tmes n one year. The length of journey to Mount Salak Endah wth coeffcent value of means that f the length of journey to Mount Salak Endah toursm object ncreases by 1 hour, then the number of vsts to Mount Salak Endah decreases by or f the length of journey to the toursm object ncreases by 1.33 hours, then the number of vsts to Mount Salak Endah decreases by 1 tme of vst. The coeffcent of length of journey to Mount Salak Endah toursm object can be nterpreted that the further dstance of the toursts from Mount Salak Endah, the less lkely to vst or revst to Mount Salak Endah. The descrpton of the respondents ndcates that most of the toursts vstng Mount Salak Endah come from Bogor and regons adjacent to Bogor Regency, such as Jakarta, Bekas and Tangerang, there was only 1 respondent from Bandung. The effect of these varables shows that consumers who can reach Mount Salak Endah toursm object are relatvely lmted. The length of journey s affected by dstance, facltes and nfrastructure durng travel. In addton, travel condton from Bekas, Jakarta, Tangerang and Depok to Mount Salak Endah s traffc congeston. Thus, t affects the length of journey. The result of ths research s n accordance wth the results of prevous research conducted by Wjayant and Hastut (2008) statng that the length of journey has a negatve and sgnfcant effect that can reduce the number of vsts to the toursm object. Length of journey to other smlar toursm object (Peak) wth coeffcent value of means that f length of journey to other smlar toursm object (Peak) ncreases by 1 hour, then the tourst vst to Mount Salak Endah ncreases by or f the length of journey to other smlar toursm object (Peak) ncreases by 1.99 hours, then the number of vsts to Mount Salak Endah toursm object wll ncrease by 1 tme vst wth the assumpton that the travel cost to Mount Salak Endah toursm object (C), travel cost to other smlar toursm object (Peak) (Cs), ndvdual ncome (I), length of journey to Mount Salak Endah toursm object (T), length of journey to other smlar toursm object (Peak) (Ts), percepton of admsson tcket prce of Mount Salak Endah (Ph), percepton of admsson tcket prce of other smlar toursm object (Peak) (TS), percepton of toursm facltes (Psr), percepton of envronmental condton (Pl) and percepton of culnary (Pku) are constant, then the number of demands to Mount Salak Endah toursm object wll ncrease. Seeng from the length of journey, the postve coeffcent value ndcates that the Peak (Puncak) toursm area and Mount Salak Endah toursm object are mutually substtuted. The journey condton from the area of orgn to Peak toursm area s further and the traffc jam s worse compared to the travel condton to Mount Salak Endah toursm object. Ths ndcates that Mount Salak Endah toursm object has potental as an alternatve Peak (Puncak) toursm area. The result of ths research s n accordance wth prevous research conducted by Wjayant and Hastut (2008) and Anggraen (2013) statng that the length of journey to other smlar toursm object as an alternatve has a postve and sgnfcant effect on the number of vsts to toursm objects examned. Percepton of admsson tcket prce of other smlar toursm object (Peak) wth the regresson coeffcent value of ponts means that f the admsson tcket prce of other smlar toursm object (Peak) ncreases by 1 pont, then the number of vsts wll decrease by or 1 tme of vst 37

7 EKO-REGIONAL, Vol. 12, No. 1, March 2017, pp wth the assumpton that travel cost to Mount Salak Endah toursm object (C), length of journey to other smlar toursm object (Peak) (Cs), ndvdual ncome (I), length of journey to Mount Salak Endah toursm object (T), length of journey to other smlar toursm object (Peak) (Ts), percepton of admsson tcket prce of Mount Salak Endah (Ph), percepton of admsson tcket prce to other smlar toursm object (Peak) (TS), percepton of toursm facltes (Psr), percepton of envronmental condton (Pl) and percepton of culnary (Pku) are constant, then the number of vsts to Mount Salak Endah toursm object wll ncrease. Ths means that f the percepton of admsson tcket prce to Peak toursm object s consdered good, then the tendency of toursts to vst Mount Salak Endah wll decrease or n other words, f toursts perceve that the admsson tcket prce to Peak toursm area s more expensve, then the toursts wll tend to vst Mount Salak Endah toursm object. The result of ths research s n accordance wth prevous research conducted by Isnan (2016) concludng that the admsson tcket prce of other smlar toursm object has an effect on the level of tourst vsts. Thus, when the admsson tcket prce of other smlar toursm object rses, then t wll encourage the level of tourst vsts to the Bantmurung Bulusaraung Natonal Park. Ths occurs because the demand refers to a certan relatonshp between the quantty of goods to be purchased and the prce. Where based on the demand approach, there s a relatonshp between demand and other varables. The percepton of toursm facltes of Mount Salak Endah toursm object wth a coeffcent of ponts means that f the percepton of toursm facltes ncreases by 1 pont, then the number of vsts wll tend to ncrease by or 1 tme vst wth the assumpton that the travel cost to Mount Salak Endah toursm object (C), length of journey to other smlar toursm object (Peak) (Cs), ndvdual ncome (I), length of journey to Mount Salak Endah toursm object (T), length of journey to other smlar toursm object (Peak) (Ts), percepton of admsson tcket prce of Mount Salak Endah (Ph), percepton of admsson tcket prce of other smlar toursm object (Peak) (TS), percepton of toursm facltes (Psr), percepton of envronmental condton (Pl) and percepton of culnary (Pku) are constant, then the number of vsts to Mount Salak Endah toursm object wll ncrease. Ths means that f the percepton of toursm facltes of Mount Salak Endah can be ncreased, then t wll ncrease the tendency to vst Mount Salak Endah toursm object. Percepton of culnary wth coeffcent of ponts means that f the percepton of culnary ncreases by 1 pont, then the number of vsts to Mount Salak Endah toursm object wll ncrease by or 1 tme vst wth the assumpton that the travel cost to Mount Salak Endah toursm object (C), travel cost to other smlar toursm object (Peak) (Cs), ndvdual ncome (I), length of journey to Mount Salak Endah toursm object (T), length of journey to other smlar toursm object (Peak) (Ts), percepton of admsson tcket prce of Mount Salak Endah (Ph), percepton of admsson tcket prce to other smlar toursm object (Peak) (TS), percepton of toursm facltes (Psr), percepton of envronmental condton (Pl) and percepton of culnary (Pku) are constant, then the number of tourst vsts to Mount Salak Endah toursm object wll ncrease. Ths means that f the percepton of culnary n Mount Salak Endah toursm object can be ncreased, then t wll ncrease the tendency to vst Mount Salak Endah toursm object. Culnary n Mount Salak Endah area s typcal wth Sundanese cusne. In addton, the prce s relatvely cheap and the toursts tend to eat more n ths area due to cold temperature. Smlarly, the result of research conducted by Besra (2012) also mentons that culnary tour of Padang Cty has a very good potental. The foregn toursts remember Indonesa wth ts typcal food of Rendang. Rendang s one culnary n Padang Cty. CONCLUSION Based on the formulaton of problems and research results above, t s obtaned conclusons to answer the research queston as follows: from ten ndependent varables analysed, there are fve sgnfcant ndependent varables, namely (1) length of journey to Mount Salak Endah toursm object; (2) length of journey to other smlar toursm object (Peak), (3) percepton of admsson tcket prce of other smlar tourst object (Peak); (4) percepton of toursm facltes; and (5) percepton of culnary. 38

8 Analyss of Demand (Bunar) Whle the other fve ndependent varables have no effect on the number of demand (vsts) to Mount Salak Endah toursm object. Based on the analyss of demand to Mount Salak Endah, t ndcates that the demand to vst Mount Salak Endah toursm object s obtaned as follows: the length of journey has a negatve effect, the length of journey to other smlar toursm object (Peak) has a postve effect, percepton of admsson tcket prce of smlar toursm object (Peak) has negatve effect, percepton of facltes n Mount Salak Endah has postve effect; and percepton of culnary n Mount Salak Endah toursm object has an effect on the number of vsts to Mount Salak Endah toursm object. Based on the above conclusons, the suggestons of ths research are: 1) The strong effect of the length of journey on the number of vsts to Mount Salak Endah toursm object mples that the polcy to encourage toursm to the area of Mount Salak Endah by mprovng the transportaton nfrastructure towards Mount Salak Endah toursm object, mprovng and addng traffc sgns and road markngs along the road to Mount Salak Endah toursm object n order to reduce congeston so as to reduce the tme or length of journey; 2) The effect of percepton of facltes n Mount Salak Endah toursm object mples that the regon must mprove the road to the toursm object, parkng lot, restrooms and worshp place; 3) The effect of percepton of culnary n Mount Salak Endah toursm object mples that the area must provde unque and tradtonal foods and beverage to the exstng ones. REFERENCES Agustne, R., Alkodra, H.S., and Iskandar, E. (2016) Analyss of supply and demand for ecotoursm of proboscs monkeys n Gelam Tapn Swamp Forest, South Kalmantan. Meda Konservas, 21(2), Arkunto, S. (2013). Research procedure: A practce approach. Jakarta: Rneka Cpta. Besra. (2012). Potental culnary toursm n supportng Padang Cty toursm. Journal of Accountng and Busness Research, 12(1). Gujarat, D.N. and Porter, D.C. (2009). Basc econometrc (ffth edton). New York: McGraw-Hll. Hermawan, H. (2016). Impact of Nglanggeran Toursm Vllage development on the economy of local communtes. Journal of Toursm, 3(2), Hutasort, A.B.R. and Sar, R.L. (2014). Analyss of demand for foregn toursts travelng n Tuktuk Sadong, Samosr Regency. Journal of Economcs and Fnance, 2(10), Isnan, W. (2016). Optmal prce of Bantmurung Nature Toursm entrance tcket, South Sulawes. Journal of Forestry Socal and Economc Research, 13(3), Salma, I.A. and Suslowat, I. (2014). Demand analyss of Curug Sewu Natural Toursm, Kendal Regency wth travel cost approach. Development Dynamcs, 1(2), Satra, D. (2009). Strategy for the development of ecotoursm based on local economy n the framework of poverty allevaton programs n the Dstrct of Malang. Jurnal of Indonean Appled Economcs, 3(1), Wjayant and Hastut. (2008.). Economc analyss and toursm management strateges: Case study of Mount Salak Endah toursm area Bogor Regency. Journal of Agrcultural Scences, 13(3). 39