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1 Page 1 of Malingap St., Sikatuna Village, Quezon City Tel: , Website: Fax: First posted in Business World, 01 May 2017 First Quarter 2017 Social Weather Survey: Adult joblessness at 22.9%; 8.6% lost their jobs involuntarily, 11.2% resigned; Net optimism with job availability at High +29 Social Weather Stations The First Quarter 2017 Social Weather Survey, done on March 25-28, 2017, found adult joblessness at 22.9% (est million adults). This is 2.2 points below the 25.1% (est million adults) in December 2016, but still 0.6 points above the annual average of 22.3% in 2016 [Chart 1, Table 1]. The March 2017 adult joblessness rate consisted of those who voluntarily left their old jobs at 11.2% (est. 5.1 million adults), those who involuntarily lost their jobs, at 8.6% (est. 3.9 million adults), and first-time job seekers, at 3.1% (est. 1.4 million adults) [Chart 2]. SWS s adult joblessness data refers to adults in the labor force. Those with a job at present, plus those without a job at present and looking for a job, are part of the labor force. The March 2017 survey found the adult labor force participation rate at 72.2%, or an estimated 45.5 million adults. This is similar to the 72.1% (est million adults) labor force participation rate in December The December 2016 survey also asked, Sa darating na 12 buwan mula ngayon, sa palagay ba ninyo ay DADAMI, HINDI MAGBABAGO, o MABABAWASAN ang trabaho na maaaring pasukan? [ Twelve months from now, do you think there will be MORE JOBS, NO CHANGE in available jobs, or FEWER JOBS? ]. Optimism that there will be more jobs fell from 48% in December 2016 to 44% in March 2017, while pessimism that there will be fewer jobs rose from 12% to 15%. The proportion of those who say there will be no change in job availability stayed at 28% [Chart 3]. This brings the Net Optimism on Job Availability score (% more jobs minus % fewer jobs) down by 8 points from the record-high very high +37 in December 2016 to a high +29 in March 2017 [Chart 4, Table 2].

2 Page 2 of 13 The SWS terminology for Net Optimism on job availability: +30 and above, very high ; +20 to +29, high ; +10 to +19, fair ; +1 to +9, mediocre ; -9 to zero, low ; -10 and down, very low. SWS considers movement from one classification to another as either an upgrade or downgrade. Profiles of the jobless Adult joblessness consists of (a) those who voluntarily left their old jobs, (b) those who lost their jobs due to economic circumstances beyond their control, termed as the retrenched, and (c) those seeking jobs for the first time. The proportion of those who resigned or left their old jobs voluntarily fell by 1.0 point, from 12.2% in December 2016 to 11.2% in March Those who were retrenched hardly moved, from 8.7% in December 2016 to 8.6% in March The 8.7% who were retrenched consisted of 5.1% whose previous contracts were not renewed, 2.7% who were laid off, and 0.8% whose employers closed operations. The proportion of first-time job seekers fell by 1.2 points, from 4.3% in December 2016 to 3.1% in March Joblessness falls among women Adult joblessness among women fell by 9.0 points from 40.2% in December 2016 to 31.2% in March 2017 [Chart 5, Table 3]. Among men, adult joblessness rose by 2.6 points from 14.1% in December 2016 to 16.6% in March It has been below 20% since March Joblessness falls among year olds, rises among year olds Adult joblessness fell by 9.6 points among year olds, from 24.2% in December 2016 to 14.7% in March This is similar to the 14.7% in September 2016 [Chart 6, Table 4]. It also fell by 5.3 points among year olds, from 35.1% in December 2016 to 29.9% in March However, it rose by 9.2 points among year olds, from 38.1% in December 2016 to 47.3% in March Before December 2016, it was in the 50s since March It also rose by 1.6 points among those 45 years old and above, from 15.4% in December 2016 to 17.0% in March This is the highest since 19% in December 2014.

3 Page 3 of 13 SWS Joblessness versus Labor Force Survey (LFS) Unemployment The SWS data on joblessness refers to the population of adults in the labor force. This is because respondents in the standard SWS surveys are those at least 18 years old. On the other hand, the official lower boundary of the labor force has always been 15 years of age. In the SWS surveys, persons with jobs are those who have a job at present ( may trabaho sa kasalukuyan ), including unpaid family workers. The question does not use any past reference period. The SWS joblessness figures are consistently based on the traditional definition of joblessness as fulfilling two requirements: without a job at present and looking for a job. Those without a job but not looking for one, such as housewives, retirees, differently abled, and students, are excluded from the labor force. On the other hand, the official Labor Force Survey (LFS) definition of employed include all those who, during the week before the interview date, are 15 years and over as of their last birthday and are reported to be either: a. At work. Those who do any work for at least one hour during the reference week for pay or profit, or work without pay on the farm or business enterprise operated by a member of the same household related by blood, marriage, or adoption; or, b. With a job but not at work. Those who have a job or a business but are not at work because of temporary illness/injury, vacation, or other reasons. Also, persons who expect to report for work or to start operation of a farm or business enterprise within two weeks from the date of the enumerator s visit are considered employed. Before April 2005, the official definition of the unemployed was those who did not work during the reference week and are looking for work. However, from April 2005 onwards, the official definition was refined as follows: not working, looking for work, and available for work. It subtracts those who are looking but not available for work and adds those available but not looking for work for the following reasons: tired/believe no work is available, awaiting results of a job application, temporarily ill/disabled, bad weather, and waiting for rehire/job recall. This means that if the availability requirement is included, adult unemployment in March 2017 was 14.1% (est. 5.8 million adults). That is, 13.9% (est. 5.7 million adults) who were not working, looking for work, and available for work and 0.3% (est. 105,000 adults) who were not working, not looking for work due to the reasons mentioned above, but available for work.

4 Page 4 of 13 Therefore, among the 10.4 million adults who were jobless and were looking for work, 44.8% (est. 4.7 million adults) were not available for work at present or in the next two weeks. Net Optimism on Job Availability very high among men, most age groups The March 2017 survey found that the Net Optimism on Job Availability was a very high +30 among men and a high +29 among women [Chart 7]. Net Optimism on Job Availability was also very high across most age groups, with a score of +33 for and year olds, and +31 among year olds. It was a high +26 among those aged 45 years old and above. Net Optimism on Job Availability low among those laid off Net Optimism on Job Availability was highest among those who left their old jobs voluntarily and those whose employers closed, while it was lowest among those who were laid off. It was a very high +35 among those who voluntarily left their old jobs, and among those whose employers closed [Chart 8]. It was a high +29 among those who had never worked before, and a high +26 among those whose contract were not renewed. However, it was a low net zero among those who were laid off. Survey Background The March 2017 Social Weather Survey was conducted from March 25-28, 2017 using face-to-face interviews of 1,200 adults (18 years old and above) nationwide, 300 each in Metro Manila, Balance Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao (sampling error margins of ±3% for national percentages and ±6% each for Metro Manila, Balance Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao). The area estimates were weighted by Philippine Statistics Authority medium-population projections for 2017 to obtain the national estimates. The quarterly Social Weather Surveys on joblessness are not commissioned, but are done on SWS s own initiative and released as a public service, with first printing rights assigned to BusinessWorld.

5 Page 5 of 13 The exact SWS questionnaire items on joblessness are as follows: R11 JOB STATUS Kayo po ba ay may trabaho sa kasalukuyan, walang trabaho ngayon pero mayroon dati, o hindi pa nagkaroon ng trabaho kahit minsan? Do you have a job at present, not have a job at present but used to have a job, or never had a job? MAY TRABAHO SA KASALUKUYAN, KASAMA ANG NAGTATRABAHO SA PAMILYA NANG WALANG BAYAD (Has a job, includes unpaid family worker)... 1 R 17a WALANG TRABAHO NGAYON, MAYROON DATI (Does not have a job now but had a job before)... 2 CONTINUE HINDI PA NAGKAROON NG TRABAHO KAHIT MINSAN (Never had a job)... 3 CONTINUE R12 WHETHER LOOKING FOR A JOB OR NOT IF NO JOB: Kayo po ba ay naghahanap ng trabaho o nagbabalak magtayo ng negosyo, o hindi? Are you looking for a job or planning to establish a business or not? OO (Yes)... 1 CONTINUE HINDI (No)... 2 GO TO R13d R13a CLASSIFICATION OF THOSE LOOKING FOR A JOB IF NO JOB BUT LOOKING FOR A JOB: Alin po sa mga sumusunod ang angkop sa inyo? (SHOWCARD) Which of the following applies to you? (SHOWCARD) HINDI NAGKAROON NG TRABAHO KAILANMAN (Never had a job before). 1 R15 HINDI KUSANG UMALIS SA DATING TRABAHO (Did not voluntarily leave job) NATANGGAL SA DATING TRABAHO (Was laid off from former job). 3 R15 NATAPOS ANG DATING KONTRATA AT HINDI SINUNDAN NG PANIBAGO (Previous contract was finished and not followed with a new contract)... 4 R15 NAGSARA ANG KUMPANYANG DATING PINAGTA-TRABAHUHAN (Previous employer closed operation)... 5 R15 KUSANG UMALIS SA DATING TRABAHO (Voluntarily left old job)... 6 R13b R13d REASONS FOR NOT LOOKING FOR A JOB IF NOT WORKING AND NOT LOOKING FOR A JOB: Bakit po kayo hindi naghahanap ng trabaho? Dahil po ba ay (SHOWCARD)? Why are you not looking for a job? Is it because (SHOWCARD)? PAGOD/ NANINIWALA NA WALANG TRABAHONG MAKIKITA CONTINUE (Tired/Believe no job is available) NAGHIHINTAY NG RESULTA SA INA-APLAYAN NA TRABAHO (Awaiting results of previous job application) PANSAMANTALANG SAKIT/PAGKA-BALDADO R15 (Temporary illness/disability) MASAMANG PANAHON/KLIMA (Bad weather) NAGHIHINTAY NA KUNIN SA DATING TRABAHO (Waiting for rehire/job recall) MASYADONG BATA/MATANDA (Too young or too old) RETIRADO (Retired) PERMANENTENG PAGKA-BALDADO (Permanent disability) R23 NANGANGASIWA NG BAHAY O PAMILYA (Household or family duties) NAG-AARAL (Schooling) IBA PA, PAKITUKOY (Others, pls. specify) ( ) R15 SWS employs its own staff for questionnaire design, sampling, fieldwork, data processing, and analysis, and does not outsource any of its survey operations. #

6 Page 6 of 13 Chart 1 SWS JOBLESSNESS RATE* AND PSA UNEMPLOYMENT RATE, PHILIPPINES, DEC 1993 TO MAR 2017 RAMOS ESTRADA ARROYO AQUINO DUTERTE 35 SWS joblessness: 18 yrs+ % of adults in labor force PSA unemployment (15 yrs+ ) PSA unemployment (new definition) 22.9% 6.6% (as of Jan 2017) * % without a job at present and looking for a job. Source: Social Weather Surveys and Philippine Statistics Authority. Table 1 Dec Ave Apr Aug Nov Dec Ave Mar Jun Oct Dec Ave Apr Jun Sep Dec Ave Apr Jun Sep Dec Ave Feb SWS ADULT JOBLESSNESS RATE* (page 1 of 2) Mar Apr Jul Sep Nov Ave Mar Jun Oct Dec Ave Mar Jul Sep Oct Dec Ave Mar Jul Sep Nov Ave Mar May Sep Nov Ave Mar Jun Sep Nov Ave Mar Aug Dec Ave Mar May Aug Dec Ave Mar Jun Sep Nov Ave Mar * % without a job at present and looking for a job. Source: Social Weather Surveys Jun Sep Dec Ave Mar Jun Sep Dec Ave Feb Jun Sep Dec Ave Mar Jun Sep Nov Ave Mar Jun Sep Dec Ave Mar

7 Page 7 of 13 May Aug Dec Ave Mar Jun Sep Dec Ave Mar Jun Sep Dec Ave Mar Jun Sep Dec Ave Apr Jun Sep Dec Ave SWS ADULT JOBLESSNESS RATE* (page 2 of 2) Mar * % without a job at present and looking for a job. Source: Social Weather Surveys Chart 2

8 Page 8 of 13 Chart 3 JOB AVAILABILITY IN THE NEXT 12 MONTHS, MAR 2014 TO MAR Mar14 Jun14 Sep14 Dec14 Mar15 Jun15 Sep15 Dec15 Apr16 Sep16 Dec16 Mar Don t know Fewer jobs No change More jobs Net * * Net Optimism about job availability = % More Jobs minus % Fewer Jobs, correctly rounded. Figures may not add up due to rounding errors. Blank spaces are Refused responses. Q. Sa darating na 12 buwan mula ngayon, sa palagay ba ninyo ay DADAMI, HINDI MAGBABAGO, o MABABAWASAN ang trabaho na maaaring pasukan? (DADAMI, HINDI MAGBABAGO, MABABAWASAN, HINDI ALAM) Chart 4 NET OPTIMISM* ON JOB AVAILABILITY, NOV 1998 TO MAR 2017 ESTRADA ARROYO AQUINO DUTERTE * Net Optimism about job availability = % More Jobs minus % Fewer Jobs, correctly rounded. Figures may not add up due to rounding errors. Blank spaces are Refused responses. Q. Sa darating na 12 buwan mula ngayon, sa palagay ba ninyo ay DADAMI, HINDI MAGBABAGO, o MABABAWASAN ang trabaho na maaaring pasukan? (DADAMI, HINDI MAGBABAGO, MABABAWASAN, HINDI ALAM)

9 Page 9 of 13 Table 2 NET OPTIMISM* ON JOB AVAILABILITY Estrada Nov Jun Oct Dec Mar Jul Sep Dec Arroyo Mar Jul Sep Nov Mar May Sep Nov Mar Jun Sep Arroyo (cont.) Nov Jun Aug Dec Mar May Aug Dec Mar Jun 06-6 Sep 06-1 Nov Mar 07-1 Jun Sep Mar 08-7 Jun 08-6 Sep 08-1 Dec Feb Arroyo (cont.) Jun 09-3 Sep Dec Mar Jun B. Aquino III Nov Mar Jun Dec Mar May Aug Dec Mar Jun Sep Dec Mar B. Aquino III (cont.) Jun Sep Dec Mar Jun Sep Dec Apr Duterte Sep Dec Mar * Net Optimism about job availability = % More Jobs minus % Fewer Jobs, correctly rounded. Figures may not add up due to rounding errors. Blank spaces are Refused responses. Chart 5 SWS JOBLESSNESS RATE*, BY SEX, DEC 1993 TO MAR RAMOS ESTRADA ARROYO AQUINO DUTERTE 30 Female 31.2% Male 16.6% * % without a job at present and looking for a job. Source: Social Weather Surveys

10 Page 10 of 13 Table 3 SWS JOBLESSNESS RATE*, BY SEX (page 1 of 2) Men Women Men Women Men Women Men Women Sep Dec Apr Aug Nov Dec Mar Jun Oct Dec Apr Jun Sep Dec Apr Jun Sep Dec Feb Mar Apr Jul Sep Nov Mar Jun Oct Dec Mar Jul Sep Oct Dec Mar Jul Sep Nov Mar May Sep Nov Mar Jun Sep Nov Mar Aug Dec Mar May Aug Dec Mar Jun Sep Nov Mar Jun Sep Dec Mar Jun Sep Dec Feb Jun Jun Sep Dec Mar Jun Sep Nov Mar Jun Sep Dec Mar May Aug Dec Mar Jun Sep Dec Mar Jun Sep Dec Mar * % without a job at present and looking for a job. Source: Social Weather Surveys Men Women Jun Sep Dec Apr Jun Sep Dec Mar SWS JOBLESSNESS RATE*, BY SEX (page 2 of 2) * % without a job at present and looking for a job. Source: Social Weather Surveys

11 Page 11 of 13 Chart 6 SWS JOBLESSNESS RATE*, BY AGE GROUP, SEP 1993 TO MAR 2017 RAMOS ESTRADA ARROYO AQUINO % of adults in labor force DUTERTE : 47.3% : 29.9% 45+: 17.0% 35-44: 14.7% * % without a job at present and looking for a job. Source: Social Weather Surveys Table 4 SWS JOBLESSNESS RATE*, BY AGE GROUP (page 1 of 2) Dec Apr Aug Nov Dec Mar Jun Oct Dec Apr Jun Sep Dec Apr Jun Sep Dec Feb Mar Apr Jul Sep Nov Mar Jun Oct Dec Mar Jul Sep Oct Dec Mar Jul Sep Nov Mar May Sep Nov Mar Jun Sep Nov Mar Aug Dec Mar * % without a job at present and looking for a job. Source: Social Weather Surveys May Aug Dec Mar Jun Sep Nov Mar Jun Sep Dec Mar Jun Sep Dec Feb Jun Sep Dec Mar Jun Sep Nov Mar

12 Page 12 of 13 SWS JOBLESSNESS RATE*, BY AGE GROUP (page 2 of 2) Jun Sep Dec Mar May Aug Dec Mar Jun Sep Dec Mar Jun Sep Dec Mar Jun Sep Dec Apr Jun Sep Dec Mar * % without a job at present and looking for a job. Source: Social Weather Surveys Chart 7 NET OPTIMISM* ON JOB AVAILABILITY, BY SEX AND AGE, MAR MEN WOMEN Don t know Fewer jobs % of adults No change More jobs Net * * Net Optimism about job availability = % More Jobs minus % Fewer Jobs, correctly rounded. Figures may not add up due to rounding errors. Blank spaces are Refused responses. Q. Sa darating na 12 buwan mula ngayon, sa palagay ba ninyo ay DADAMI, HINDI MAGBABAGO, o MABABAWASAN ang trabaho na maaaring pasukan? (DADAMI, HINDI MAGBABAGO, MABABAWASAN, HINDI ALAM)

13 Page 13 of 13 Chart 8 NET OPTIMISM* ON JOB AVAILABILITY, BY JOB HISTORY, MAR 2017 % of adults looking for a job Never worked before Voluntarily left old job Employer closed Contract not renewed Laid off Don t know Fewer jobs No change More jobs Net * * Net Optimism about job availability = % More Jobs minus % Fewer Jobs, correctly rounded. Figures may not add up due to rounding errors. Blank spaces are Refused responses. Q. Sa darating na 12 buwan mula ngayon, sa palagay ba ninyo ay DADAMI, HINDI MAGBABAGO, o MABABAWASAN ang trabaho na maaaring pasukan? (DADAMI, HINDI MAGBABAGO, MABABAWASAN, HINDI ALAM)