Joint Pub Joint Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Geospatial Information and Services Support to Joint Operations

Transcription

1 Joint Pub 2-03 Joint Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Geospatia Information and Services Support to Joint Operations 31 March 1999

2 PREFACE 1. Scope This pubication focuses on the responsibiities and procedures for geospatia information and services (GI&S) support to joint operations. This pubication discusses GI&S panning, coordination, contro, production, and dissemination responsibiities. The focus wi be joint GI&S support to combatant commanders for both deiberate and crisis panning and execution. Communications architecture required for the dissemination of digita geospatia data wi aso be addressed. 2. Purpose This pubication has been prepared under the direction of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. It sets forth doctrine and seected joint tactics, techniques, and procedures (JTTP) to govern the joint activities and performance of the Armed Forces of the United States in joint operations and provides the doctrina basis for US miitary invovement in mutinationa and interagency operations. It provides miitary guidance for the exercise of authority by combatant commanders and other joint force commanders and prescribes doctrine and seected tactics, techniques, and procedures for joint operations and training. It provides miitary guidance for use by the Armed Forces in preparing their appropriate pans. It is not the intent of this pubication to restrict the authority of the joint force commander (JFC) from organizing the force and executing the mission in a manner the JFC deems most appropriate to ensure unity of effort in the accompishment of the overa mission. 3. Appication a. Doctrine and seected tactics, techniques, and procedures and guidance estabished in this pubication appy to the commanders of combatant commands, subunified commands, joint task forces, and subordinate components of these commands. These principes and guidance aso may appy when significant forces of one Service are attached to forces of another Service or when significant forces of one Service support forces of another Service. b. The guidance in this pubication is authoritative; as such, this doctrine (or JTTP) wi be foowed except when, in the judgment of the commander, exceptiona circumstances dictate otherwise. If conficts arise between the contents of this pubication and the contents of Service pubications, this pubication wi take precedence for the activities of joint forces uness the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, normay in coordination with the other members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, has provided more current and specific guidance. Commanders of forces operating as part of a mutinationa (aiance or coaition) miitary command shoud foow mutinationa doctrine and procedures ratified by the United States. For doctrine and procedures not ratified by the United States, commanders shoud evauate and foow the mutinationa command s doctrine and procedures, where appicabe. For the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff: V. E. CLARK Vice Admira, US Navy Director, Joint Staff i

3 Preface Intentionay Bank ii Joint Pub 2-03

4 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE EXECUTIVE SUMMARY... v CHAPTER I THE ROLE OF GEOSPATIAL INFORMATION IN MILITARY OPERATIONS Introduction... I-1 Geospatia Information and Services... I-1 The GI&S Operations Cyce... I-4 Geospatia Information Operations in War... I-9 Geospatia Information in Miitary Operations Other Than War... I-9 CHAPTER II DELIBERATE PLANNING FOR GI&S SUPPORT Introduction... II-1 Deiberate Panning... II-1 Phase I, Initiation... II-2 Phase II, Concept Deveopment... II-2 Phase III, Pan Deveopment... II-5 Phase IV, Pan Review... II-6 Phase V, Supporting Pans... II-6 Concusion... II-8 CHAPTER III CRISIS ACTION PLANNING FOR GI&S SUPPORT Introduction... III-1 Phase I, Situation Deveopment... III-1 Phase II, Crisis Assessment... III-2 Phase III, COA Deveopment... III-4 Phase IV, COA Seection... III-4 Phase V, Execution Panning... III-6 Phase VI, Execution... III-7 Concusion... III-7 CHAPTER IV GI&S COMMAND, CONTROL, COMMUNICATIONS, AND COMPUTER SUPPORT Introduction... IV-1 GI&S Communications Capabiities... IV-1 Mutinationa Force GI&S Support and Interoperabiity... IV-2 Estabishing GI&S Communications Support Requirements... IV-3 Combatant Commander s Communications Panning... IV-3 iii

5 Tabe of Contents Communications Systems... IV-7 Communications and ADP Systems and Networks... IV-8 Concusion... IV-9 APPENDIX A GI&S Deiberate Panning Checkist... A-1 B GI&S Estimate... B-1 C GI&S Crisis Action Checkist... C-1 D References... D-1 E Administrative Instructions... E-1 GLOSSARY Part I Abbreviations and Acronyms... GL-1 Part II Terms and Definitions... GL-3 FIGURE I-1 Geospatia Information and Services... I-2 I-2 Geospatia Information and Services Operations Cyce... I-5 I-3 Imagery Source... I-7 II-1 Deiberate Panning Phases... II-2 II-2 Geospatia Information and Services Deiberate Panning Cyce... II-3 II-3 GI&S Priorities... II-4 II-4 GI&S Risk Assessment... II-5 II-5 Map & Chart Transportation Panning Factors... II-7 III-1 Crisis Action Panning - Phase I... III-2 III-2 Crisis Action Panning - Phase II... III-3 III-3 Crisis Action Panning - Phase III... III-4 III-4 Crisis Action Panning - Phase IV... III-5 III-5 Crisis Action Panning - Phase V... III-7 III-6 Crisis Action Panning - Phase VI... III-8 IV-1 Command, Contro, Communications, Computers, and Inteigence for the Warrior Concept... IV-2 IV-2 Geospatia Information and Services Communications System Architecture... IV-4 IV-3 Geospatia Information and Services Officer and Computer Systems Staff Officer Communications Panning... IV-5 iv Joint Pub 2-03

6 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY COMMANDER S OVERVIEW Describes Deiberate Panning for GI&S Support Describes Crisis Action Panning for GI&S Support Discusses the Roe of Geospatia Information and Services (GI&S) in Miitary Operations Discusses Command, Contro, Communications, and Computer Systems Support for Geospatia Information Operations The Roe of Geospatia Information and Services in Miitary Operations The objective of geospatia information and services support is to provide the commander with timey, compete, and accurate information about the battespace. Geospatia information and services (GI&S) is the coection, information extraction, storage, dissemination, and expoitation of geodetic, geomagnetic, imagery, gravimetric, aeronautica, topographic, hydrographic, ittora, cutura, and toponymic data accuratey referenced to a precise ocation on the earth s surface. Joint GI&S doctrine defines the roes and reationships of GI&S providers at the nationa eve, in the Services, unified commands, and subordinate joint forces. Geospatia information pays a significant roe in miitary operations. Geospatia information provides the foundation upon which a other battespace information is ayered to form the common operating picture. GI&S aids the commander in visuaizing the battespace, to effectivey pan and execute miitary operations, to navigate, and to accuratey target the adversary. GI&S support pays an important roe in the fu range of miitary operations from peace to war. Joint force commanders cannot afford to conduct miitary operations without up-to-date geospatia information. v

7 Executive Summary The panning effort must be focused to ensure that geospatia data is avaiabe to meet the commander s requirements and the requirements of subordinate units. Deiberate Panning for GI&S Support The essence of effective panning is the fu definition of the mission, expression of the commander s intent, competion of the commander s estimate (incuding the GI&S estimate), and deveopment of a concept of operations, with a GI&S annex. GI&S deiberate panning identifies the area of interest, determines GI&S area requirements for forces and weapons systems, determines current avaiabiity of resources to meet those requirements, determines risk, and then deveops a production strategy to address shortfas. The entire GI&S community becomes invoved to support the deiberate panning process through five phases: initiation, concept deveopment, pan deveopment, pan review, and supporting pans. Crisis Action Panning for GI&S Support Crisis action panning usuay invoves rapid decisions to produce geospatia information for an area where itte or no information exists. Scarce geospatia data production resources are usuay focused on high priority regions which are supported by deiberatey prepared operation pans. When miitary forces are caed upon to conduct missions outside their deiberate pan areas, they are often faced with itte or no geospatia information to support their operations. The GI&S officer must coordinate the rapid production of geospatia information, some of which may not meet a estabished specifications. The GI&S officer conducts crisis action panning in coordination with the combatant command or joint forces staff to provide the required support for GI&S. Command, Contro, Communications, and Computer Systems Support for Geospatia Information Operations Communications and automated data processing technoogy are undergoing continuous evoution, affecting geospatia information production, dissemination, and expoitation appications. Communications and automated data processing systems provide for the timey production, transfer, and access to geospatia data around the word. Geospatia data transfer requires arge communications bandwidths, and the commander must ensure that the most tacticay reevant data are prioritized for transmission. Combatant commanders communications panning consists of architecture panning, systems panning, and other panning considerations to estabish an effective and robust communications system in theater. vi Joint Pub 2-03

8 Executive Summary CONCLUSION This pubication identifies approved doctrine for GI&S support to joint operations and outines the responsibiities of the Services, agencies, and combatant commands to ensure effective GI&S support to commanders. It addresses how GI&S supports commanders of joint forces in the conduct of operations incuding, in genera terms, how GI&S are requested and disseminated to support joint operations. vii

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10 CHAPTER I THE ROLE OF GEOSPATIAL INFORMATION IN MILITARY OPERATIONS The want of accurate maps has been a grave disadvantage to me. I have in vain endeavored to procure them, and I have been obiged to make shift with such sketches as I coud trace out of my own observations and that of gentemen around me. Genera George Washington 1. Introduction The phrase geospatia information and services (GI&S), has recenty repaced the term mapping, charting, and geodesy. This change was necessitated by an increasing use of digita geospatia information on sophisticated computer workstations to perform many miitary functions such as navigation, mission panning, mission rehearsa, targeting, and anaysis of the battespace. Digita geospatia information forms the foundation for battespace visuaization. When geospatia information is couped with threat anaysis, meteoroogica and oceanographic environmenta inteigence, the friendy situation, and the ogistics situation, the commander can more quicky grasp the view of the battespace. This dominant view of the area in which joint forces conduct operations aows commanders at a eves to react quicky to evoving situations, and aows for friendy forces to operate inside the decision cyce of adversaries. A miitary operations require geospatia information. Geospatia information provides the necessary framework upon which a other reevant strategic and tactica information is ayered. 2. Geospatia Information and Services GI&S is neither a product nor a system but rather a concept for the coection, production, archiving, dissemination, and expoitation of information about the earth. Geospatia information exists in both digita (softcopy) Digita terrain eevation data, when couped with high resoution imagery, provides a three dimensiona view of the battespace. I-1

11 Eevation/ Bathymetric Data Foundation Feature Data Spatia Imagery Chapter I and printed (hardcopy) form and incudes the concepts depicted in Figure I-1. a. The foundation of the geospatia information infrastructure is composed of three major data eements, which are produced and maintained on a near-goba basis. Foundation data are produced and maintained to support strategic panning. These data sets provide the base upon which higher resoution information can be ayered. Eevation and bathymetric data. Digita terrain eevation data (DTED) and the corresponding digita bathymetric data base (DBDB) for ocean foor depths are important data sets. Eevation and bathymetric data provide a threedimensiona view of the battespace. DTED are critica for the orthorectification (remova of distortion due to reief) of imagery. Foundation feature data are those key natura or manmade features which are represented in a vector fie as a point, ine, poygon, or text. Features are positioned accuratey, based on source. Within this data set, features incude transportation and surface drainage networks, vegetation, buit-up areas, internationa boundaries, and seected spot eevation data. Many of these features contain attributes which further GEOSPATIAL INFORMATION AND SERVICES Geospatia Services Taiored, specific data, products and services for the warfighter Other Geospatia Information Mission Specific Data Sets Production Architecture Expoitation Figure I-1. Geospatia Information and Services I-2 Joint Pub 2-03

12 The Roe of Geospatia Information in Miitary Operations characterize information associated with the feature. For exampe, a buit-up port area poygon wi carry an attribute that is inked to information found in the Word Port Index. A road woud be depicted as a ine and woud carry attributes which describe its ocation, surface materia, and operationa status. Spatia imagery, or imagery that has been geopositioned, serves as the cornerstone of the geospatia data warehouse. The goba spatia imagery ayer wi be composed of a seamess mosaic of ortho-rectified, back and white, high resoution (5 meter ground sampe distance or better) sateite imagery. b. Foundation data wi be avaiabe on a near-goba basis to support strategic panning. Further densification wi be performed to support current operations, existing operation pans (OPLANs), training, and system deveopment. This further densification of foundation data is caed mission specific data sets (MSDS). MSDS is information that can be used by the Nationa Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA), the inteigence agencies, other government activities, and the warfighter to create specific data products for computer appications or to create hardcopy maps and charts. MSDS information can be processed into specific products that meet estabished Department of Defense (DOD) specifications. Exampes are: Digita data (softcopy) stored on compact disk-read ony memory (CD- ROM), digita tape or other eectronic media, or on computer servers. Exampes are compressed equa arc second raster chart and/or map digitized raster graphics, vector maps, DTED, DBDB, digita nautica charts, and digita point positioning data bases. Hardcopy (paper) maps and charts. Exampes are topographic ine maps, joint operations graphics, tactica piotage charts, and coasta charts. Textua data in the form of pubications and buetins. Exampes are gazetteers, notice to mariners, country studies, and fight information pubications. c. In some cases, MSDS wi not be avaiabe for immediate use. If warfighter requirements cannot be met by standard production of MSDS, NIMA or other geospatia producers may create other information or products to satisfy immediate or crisis requirements. This information may not conform to estabished data specifications for content or accuracy, but may sti provide MAPPING A PEACE AGREEMENT In Dayton, Ohio in November 1995, the United States brokered a peace agreement between the warring factions in the former Yugosavia. Using stateof-the-art computer workstations, eements of the Defense Mapping Agency, the Topographic Engineering Center, the US Army s 30th Engineer Battaion (Topographic), and contractor personne worked around the cock for over a month to create instant maps which refected the day s negotiations. Using terrain visuaization workstations, the peace negotiators were abe to virtuay fy the proposed boundaries. Digita maps were then printed using on-site high quaity ink-jet printers. After over seventy border changes, the fina map was accepted and the peace treaty for Bosnia-Herzegovina was signed. SOURCE: Various Sources I-3

13 Chapter I the warfighter with essentia data requirements. The use of this information or products may invove some risk, and the production criteria must be firmy agreed upon by both the producer and the end user. d. Geospatia Services. These services incude, but are not imited to, functions such as geodetic survey, software deveopment, providing taiored geodetic and geophysica products and services to support weapons systems, the cacuation of precise ocations for targeting of precision-guided munitions, training, and on-site technica support. e. Geospatia Data Warehouse. The purpose of the geospatia data warehouse is to aow the warfighter to have instant access to the most current and accurate geospatia information avaiabe. If data contained in the data warehouse do not meet the warfighter needs, then NIMA and other activities, to incude the user, wi work together to deveop updates and coect new information. There are three key components to the digita geospatia data warehouse as shown in Figure I-1: eevation and bathymetric data, foundation feature data, and spatia imagery. These near-goba data sets wi provide the basic framework or grid to which a other information can be inked. f. The geospatia information production process coects, extracts, and formats data to specific DOD specifications and paces the data into the data warehouse. The data warehouse is supported by a communications architecture that aows the user to browse and downoad reevant data, and aows designated users to provide more current information to update the data set. Software toos provide the means to expoit the data for specific uses. 3. The GI&S Operations Cyce Generay speaking, GI&S support operations foow the cyce shown in Figure I-2, which appies to geospatia information producers as we as users of those data. GI&S operations are panned and controed by the command GI&S officer or staff. This staff eement may be subordinate to either the operations or inteigence staff eement at various echeons from the combatant commander eve down to various operationa unit eves. Given the increasing importance of geospatia information, and due to the Geospatia information can be used by computer workstations to support a variety of miitary appications. I-4 Joint Pub 2-03

14 The Roe of Geospatia Information in Miitary Operations GEOSPATIAL INFORMATION AND SERVICES OPERATIONS CYCLE Define Needs Expoit Assess Data Disseminate MISSION Coect Sources VALUE - ADD Archive Data Extract Data Figure I-2. Geospatia Information and Services Operations Cyce compexity of production, dissemination, and expoitation, it is recommended that a echeons which empoy operations and inteigence sections designate a command or unit GI&S officer. a. Define Needs. The combatant commands, miitary Services, DOD inteigence agencies, and other federa activities such as the Drug Enforcement Agency submit their specific GI&S needs for standard DOD products and data to NIMA in accordance with Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Instruction (CJCSI) , Requirements for Goba Geospatia Information and Services (GGI&S). NIMA aocates production resources against these GI&S requirements with prioritization guidance provided by the Joint Strategic Capabiities Pan (JSCP) and other nationa miitary strategy documents. The miitary Services submit requirements for GI&S to support Service training. Services aso submit their needs to vaidate Service requirements for new DOD data or product standards to support research, deveopment, test, and evauation. The Services may aso submit wordwide area requirements to support a goba system such as a command and contro (C2) system. I-5

15 Chapter I When required, the miitary Services, US Specia Operations Command, and the DOD inteigence agencies have the responsibiity as defined in DOD Instruction , Programming Unique Mapping, Charting, and Geodesy (MC&G) Requirements for Deveoping Systems, to submit requirements for new geospatia data to support emerging systems. The combatant commands submit area requirements to support OPLANs, operation pans in concept format (CONPLANs) with or without timephased force and depoyment data (TPFDD), functiona pans, and campaign pans or operation orders (OPORDs). Combatant commands aso submit requirements for geospatia data for areas outside the continenta United States and for continenta United States (CONUS) areas to support joint training exercises. The Services assist the combatant commands in determining GI&S requirements by maintaining a current GI&S panning factors data base (PFDB). The PFDB provides the operationa panner with information as to what particuar geospatia data is required for weapons and C2 systems. The PFDB aso provides the GI&S officer with an estimate of quantities needed to support the forces avaiabe. The Services aso have a responsibiity to keep combatant commands informed on Service GI&S programs and capabiities. In addition to reviewing data requirements for OPLANs, it is aso important to identify geospatia data requirements to support rehearsa of those pans. In preparation for the panned amphibious invasion for Operation DESERT STORM, a suitabe beach was required in the theater of operations which best emuated the actua anding beach. Once the rehearsa area was seected, the command engaged crisis support procedures to obtain the necessary hydrographic survey data to support the rehearsa phase. b. Assess Data. Once the tota requirement for GI&S is known, the GI&S officer, in coordination with NIMA, makes a detaied assessment of what products and data are avaiabe. This assessment must aso incude US Nava Service Ships are used to coect oceanographic and bathymetric data in support of combatant command requirements. I-6 Joint Pub 2-03

16 The Roe of Geospatia Information in Miitary Operations an assessment of substitute products and consideration for the production and use of data that may not fuy meet estabished DOD specifications. Detaied and accurate geospatia data require ong ead times for production. Long production ead times, couped with the arge quantities of products and data sets needing initia production or revision, compicate avaiabiity of geospatia information. For this reason, the GI&S officer must carefuy pan for GI&S support and ensure that the most critica requirements are avaiabe or are schedued for production. c. Coect Sources. Once specific area requirements are identified and prioritized, the task of source coection begins. Currenty, the major source for geospatia data is visibespectrum imagery provided by nationa inteigence systems (See Figure I-3). Imagery provides a detaied overhead view of the area that is anayzed to identify natura and manmade features. Stereo imagery provides eevation data and improved identification of features. Ephemeris and attitude data which accompanies the imagery aows for the precise geodetic positioning of the image and mensuration of features. During a time of crisis, it is important to note that geospatia information producers are in direct competition with inteigence activities for these coection systems. The combatant command GI&S officer must be aware of this fact and assist NIMA in receiving the proper priority for imagery by coordinating with the inteigence officer (J-2) coection manager IMAGERY SOURCE Softcopy Hardcopy GI&S Production Stereo Imagery 60 % to 100% Overap 80% Coud Free Ephemeris Data for Precise Positioning Figure I-3. Imagery Source I-7

17 Chapter I for tasking priority. Other source materia pays a key roe in data anaysis. These anciary sources incude native edition maps and charts, geographic names data, commercia imagery, and other textua data to assist the anayst in identifying features. I-8 Ocean foor mapping is a critica data coection requirement for accurate ocean navigation charts, combat charts, and other hydrographic data sets. The Commander, Nava Meteoroogy and Oceanography Command, maintains a feet of eight survey ships for depoyment wordwide and coordinates with hydrographic feets of the United States and other nations to obtain data. Current processes routiney use the sonar and other sounding devices. These ships are capabe of coecting oceanographic data throughout the water coumn to incude currents, physica parameters of the water (e.g., conductivity, temperature, pressure, sainity) bathymetry, and other reated data. These data are processed into products which support amphibious warfare, specia warfare, and mine warfare operations for supporting commanders. The coection of survey data can be engthy; therefore, a requirements for this type of data shoud be stated we in advance. An evoving bathymetric survey method is the aser airborne bathymetry system (LABS). Mounted on airborne patforms, LABS uses aser technoogy to rapidy map ocean depths in reativey cear coasta and ocean waters up to 50 meters deep. Other sources of geospatia data are rapidy evoving. Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (IFSAR) can rapidy provide accurate and cosey spaced eevation posts, and can provide a data source for images of the terrain. IFSAR technoogy aows for the day or night coection of data through couds, smoke, fog, and haze, and therefore has a distinct advantage over optica systems. IFSAR systems are currenty empoyed on aircraft. Commercia mutispectra and hyperspectra imagery provides an important source of radiometric and spatia data. New commercia sensors with high spectra (ten nanometer, hundreds of bands) and spatia (1-5 meter ground sampe distance) commercia space imagery wi be avaiabe as a suppement to nationa imaging systems. d. Extract Data. Whie NIMA fufis the buk of DOD standard geospatia information extraction requirements, the Services and joint forces aso possess imited data extraction capabiities. Service assets are best suited for the production of system or theater-specific data and the update of standard data sets. e. Archive Data. Once digita geospatia data are processed, they are archived to a data warehouse, ready to be used for the creation of specific products or to be used in miitary appications. The data warehouse provides the foundation for a DOD-wide distributed network of geospatia information that incudes topographic, aerospace, and hydrographic information, as we as imagery and geographic names and boundary data. f. Disseminate Digita geospatia data wi be avaiabe on goba or regiona servers which are accessibe by users through severa methods. These eectronic communications pathways are discussed further in Chapter IV, GI&S Command, Contro, Communications, and Computer Support. Geospatia data may aso be distributed on eectronic media (such as CD-ROM) and shipped to users wordwide to be pre-positioned on oca servers that are regionay specific in content. Joint Pub 2-03

18 The Roe of Geospatia Information in Miitary Operations High resoution geospatia data such as raster imagery, maps, and dense eevation and feature data very often comprise arge digita fies, even after compression. Eectronic transmission of these fies can cog even the argest current communications paths. It is therefore critica that the user strive to acquire the most current data via CD- ROM or digita tape for storage on oca servers or media. During a crisis or contingency, there wi be intense competition for eectronic bandwidth. Whie NIMA retains the responsibiity for the buk of DOD map and chart printing requirements, advances in printing technoogy have provided the means for depoyed forces to produce ow voume, fu coor hardcopy maps, charts, and other graphics. Loca printing capabiities enabe commanders to taior standard data sets for specific missions and provide hardcopy output for the warfighter s use. This capabiity can aso serve to print sma numbers of standard or updated products to support panning or specia operations. Hardcopy products may be stocked in theater and regiona map depots operated by the Services, combatant commands, or by NIMA. NOTE: Effective 1 Apri 1998, the responsibiity for map, chart, and eectronic media distribution shifts from NIMA to the Defense Logistics Agency. g. Expoit. Geospatia data can be manipuated by the user to produce taiored data sets or products that serve specific mission purposes. Data might be modified to support a specific mission rehearsa or severa data sets might be fused to create a threedimensiona view of the battespace. Hardcopy products can aso be taiored to specific uses; however, the process is usuay more time consuming. h. Vaue-add. Detaied, high resoution data are subject to rapid change. For exampe, new roads are constructed, new obstaces to sea navigation are discovered, aeria obstructions are buit, and beaches shift constanty. Commanders require accurate and up-to-date geospatia data in order to make the best tactica decisions. Vaue-adding is the process by which both the producer and the user of geospatia data constanty update geospatia data with current information. Whie digita systems enabe the commander to capture and anayze tremendous amounts of data, the management of these enhanced data sets can become difficut. Mutipe data sets of differing content and currency can confuse operations. The commander must determine what data are tacticay significant vice data that become computationa and management burdens. 4. Geospatia Information Operations in War Geospatia information pays a key roe in the fu range of miitary operations from peace to war. Commanders use geospatia data to hep determine friendy and enemy courses of action (COAs) and to pan for the depoyment of forces and key weapons systems. When couped with inteigence data, the disposition of friendy forces, weather, and the ogistics situation, geospatia information assists the commander to visuaize and deveop the battespace in order to expoit enemy weaknesses or take advantage of friendy strengths. 5. Geospatia Information in Miitary Operations Other Than War a. Operations associated with miitary operations other than war (MOOTW) focus on deterring war, promoting peace, conducting counterdrug operations, and providing foreign humanitarian assistance or I-9

19 Chapter I disaster reief. Geospatia information requirements for these operations are simiar to operations in wartime, athough intended uses may be different. The commander must be abe to visuaize the battespace in order to pace forces where needed. b. Conditions of MOOTW may change rapidy and therefore the GI&S officer must remain fexibe and poised to transition into a higher state of confict. Direct combat operations usuay require more accurate and detaied geospatia information. GI&S OPERATIONS DURING HURRICANE ANDREW In August, 1992, Hurricane Andrew, the mightiest hurricane to strike the United States in modern times, crossed southern Forida and tracked into Louisiana, causing biions of doars in damage whie kiing 88 peope. The town of Homestead, Forida and nearby Homestead Air Force Base were devastated. Federa Emergency Management Agency personne sprang into action and coordinated disaster reief efforts with state and oca authorities. Ordinary road maps became useess as street signs and many andmark features were destroyed by the force of the hurricane. Coincidentay, the Department of Agricuture had aready panned a ow-atitude aeria photo mission for the area, and once the hurricane had passed, this mission was conducted. Using the avaiabe photographs, the US Army s 30th Engineer Battaion (Topographic) at Fort Bragg, NC created a photo mosaic map with overprinted street and andmark information. This rapidy-produced image map served the oca authorities and depoyed miitary units unti standard products from the US Geoogica Survey became widey avaiabe. SOURCE: XVIII Airborne Corps After Action Report October, 1992 I-10 Joint Pub 2-03

20 CHAPTER II DELIBERATE PLANNING FOR GI&S SUPPORT The commander must acquaint himsef beforehand with the maps so that he knows dangerous paces for chariots and carts, where the water is too deep for wagons; passes in famous mountains, the principe rivers, the ocations of highands and his; where rushes, forest, and reeds are uxuriant; the road distances; the size of cities and towns; we-known cities and abandoned ones; and where there are fourishing orchards. A this must be known as we as the way boundaries run in and out. Tu Mu, , Wei Liao Tzu 1. Introduction a. Deiberate panning requires the fu definition of the mission, the expression of the commander s intent, competion of the commander s estimate (incuding the GI&S estimate), and the deveopment of a concept of operations with Annex M (GI&S). The panning effort must be responsive to the commander s requirements and to the requirements of subordinate units. The GI&S officer must coordinate and share information with the J-2, the operations officer (J-3), the ogistics officer (J-4), the pans officer (J-5), and the command, contro, communications, and computer systems officer (J-6). b. The Joint Pub 5-0 series provides detaied information on panning joint operations. The Joint Operation Panning and Execution System (JOPES) provides the foundation for conventiona C2 by nationaand theater-eve commanders and their staffs. It is designed to satisfy their information needs in the conduct of joint panning and operations. JOPES transates poicy decisions into OPLANs, CONPLANs, functiona pans, and OPORDs. JOPES formats can be found in Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Manua (CJCSM) Joint Operation Panning and Execution System, Vo II: (Panning Formats and Guidance), and CJCSM , Joint Operation Panning and Execution System, Vo II: (Suppementa Panning and Execution Formats and Guidance). 2. Deiberate Panning a. The GI&S officer supports the deiberate panning process by preparing for a possibe contingency based on the best information avaiabe and using forces and resources apportioned by the JSCP. Deiberate panning reies heaviy on assumptions regarding the poitica and miitary circumstances that wi exist when the pan is impemented. Conducted primariy in peacetime, the deiberate panning process engages the entire joint community in the methodica deveopment of pans for contingencies identified in strategic panning documents, and for the transition to and from war. b. During deiberate panning, the GI&S officer works cosey with subordinate command GI&S officers and with NIMA to deveop a strategy to provide GI&S support for future operations. Pans deveoped during deiberate panning provide a foundation for, and ease the transition to, crisis resoution. Figure II-1 shows the five phases of deiberate panning. Appendix A, GI&S Deiberate Panning Checkist, provides broad guidance to the GI&S officer as the deiberate pan is prepared. II-1

21 Chapter II DELIBERATE PLANNING PHASES Phase I Phase II Phase III Phase IV Phase V Initiation Concept Deveopment Pan Deveopment Pan Review Supporting Pans c. During the deiberate panning process, the GI&S officer works cosey with the appropriate customer support team at NIMA to determine specific GI&S requirements to support the pan. This process normay foows the sequence of events shown in Figure II-2. Figure II-1. Deiberate Panning Phases diaog with the appropriate customer support team at NIMA to inform them of any new emerging pans or modifications to existing pans. 4. Phase II, Concept Deveopment 3. Phase I, Initiation a. The Service components provide information to the supported combatant commands on avaiabe GI&S-capabe forces and GI&S requirements needed to support the pan. Service component GI&S officers use PFDB to accompish this task. Service components aso describe specific GI&S capabiities organic to assigned forces. GI&S capabiities incude such functions as surveying, bathymetric data coection, data extraction, data processing, data management, and hard copy printing. b. During Phase I, the GI&S officer shoud carefuy review the PFDB to ensure that a units and weapons systems are incuded. It is aso important to maintain a constant a. During Phase II, the supported combatant commander s concept of the operation is deveoped and is documented as the combatant commander s strategic concept. The staff prepares aternative COAs. b. During this phase, the GI&S officer: Submits panning information to the primary staff to be incuded in the COA deveopment. Coordinates the deveopment of a preiminary geographic footprint for the area of interest (AOI) with the J-2 and the J-3 for the pan. This eary determination of the AOI is necessary information for NIMA to begin an assessment of GI&S source materias and II-2 Joint Pub 2-03

22 Deiberate Panning for GI&S Support GEOSPATIAL INFORMATION AND SERVICES DELIBERATE PLANNING CYCLE Initiate and/or Review GI&S Pan (Annex M) Determine Specific GI&S Needs Prepare Production Strategy and/or Determine Risk Conduct Geospatia Assessment and/or Determine Actua Status Determine Desired Readiness State Figure II-2. Geospatia Information and Services Deiberate Panning Cyce data avaiabiity. Ensure that the geographic footprint incudes areas outside of the primary AOI which may be used for rehearsa or staging areas. Works cosey with the J-2 during the joint inteigence preparation of the battespace (JIPB) process to provide input on avaiabe and required geospatia data. Assists other staff eements as required to apprise them of geospatia data requirements and avaiabiity. Prepares a GI&S estimate (Appendix B, GI&S Estimate ) and a preiminary GI&S concept of operations. Identifies and receives combatant commander guidance on any datum issue that may arise. Athough CJCSI , Position Reference Procedures, estabishes Word Geodetic System 84 (WGS-84) as the joint operations standard, this standard may not be achievabe in the short-term to support the pan. Many arge scae standard NIMA products sti exist using oca datums, and the effort to change a hardcopy products to WGS-84 is an enormous undertaking. Mutinationa operations may dictate that the command use a oca datum to ensure interoperabiity. The GI&S officer must expain datum issues in detai to the combatant commander and the staff and work cosey with NIMA to provide a recommended COA. Identifies possibe issues that may arise with the discosure (confirmed to exist) and reease (physica transfer) of imited distribution and cassified GI&S products and data to mutinationa forces. The GI&S officer must coordinate these issues with NIMA. II-3

23 Chapter II DATUM ISSUES DURING OPERATION ABLE SENTRY As US ground forces depoyed to Macedonia in ate 1993 for peacekeeping operations, they faced a situation in which three different maps were in use. Oder, 1:50,000 scae topographic ine maps (TLMs) made by the Defense Mapping Agency (DMA) were on the European datum (ED-50), in compiance with North Atantic Treaty Organization agreements. United Kingdom (UK) 1:100,000 scae maps were made using the WGS-84 datum. Yugosavianproduced 1:25,000 scae maps were produced using the oca Hermannskoge datum. The Yugo maps provided great detai of the terrain, and portrayed the Serbia-Macedonia border more accuratey than the DMA and UK sheets. Faced with a potentiay serious interoperabiity probem, the combatant commander requested that DMA update a the standard 1:50,000 TLMs to the WGS-84 standard, and that the Serb-Macedonian border be shown as on the Yugo 1:25,000 scae maps. The newy revised maps aso incuded many detais provided by the ground forces to depict trais and outposts encountered during routine patros. During the eary stages of Operation ABLE SENTRY, the datum differences on maps did not hamper operations. Subordinate commanders ensured troops were propery trained on the datum differences and coordinates were routiney transformed unti fu coverage of WGS-84 products became avaiabe. SOURCE: Various Sources With the assistance of the appropriate command customer support team from NIMA, conducts a detaied anaysis of the supportabiity of the operationa concept. The first step in this process is to determine an appropriate eve of readiness required for the pan, based on ikeihood of execution and cacuation of preparation times based on indications and warnings. Priorities for avaiabiity of GI&S products are shown in Figure II-3. The appropriate eve of readiness is a combatant commander s assessment of the adequate eve of GI&S preparedness at a given point in time before an operation is executed. The geospatia assessment is a panning too which both the combatant commander and NIMA use to determine how much effort shoud be aocated to a particuar OPLAN to produce standard geospatia data and products. Priority 1: Priority 2: Priority 3: GI&S PRIORITIES If data and/or product is unavaiabe, wi PREVENT performance of mission. If data and/or product is unavaiabe, wi SIGNIFICANTLY impact performance of mission. If data and/or product is unavaiabe, wi have MINOR impact on performance of mission. Figure II-3. GI&S Priorities As shown in Figure II-4, this assessment is articuated using the GI&S readiness eves: (1) C-1: A required products and information must exist as standard or substitute products and II-4 Joint Pub 2-03

24 Deiberate Panning for GI&S Support GI&S RISK ASSESSMENT In determining an acceptabe C-rating for any pan, the GI&S officer is recommending a eve of risk that the command accepts for pre-existing geospatia products and information: C-1: Minor deficiencies may exist for geospatia support: NEGLIGIBLE impact on mission. C-2: Minor deficiencies exist for geospatia support: MINOR impact on mission. C-3: Significant deficiencies exist for geospatia support: reduced capacity to support mission. C-4: Major deficiencies exist for geospatia support: may prevent mission accompishment. Figure II-4. GI&S Risk Assessment information. A products can be made adequate and deivered within the time required for the pan. (2) C-2: A Priority 1 and 2 products and information must exist as either standard or substitute products and information, or interim products and information can be generated and deivered within the command s required time. Deficiencies exist in the coverage of Priority 3 products and information. Priority 1 and 2 products and information can be made adequate within the required time based on each pan. Existing Priority 3 products and information cannot be made adequate within the required time for each pan. (3) C-3: A Priority 1 products and information must exist as either standard or substitute products and information, acceptabe interim products and information, or can be generated and deivered within the command s required time. Significant deficiencies exist in the coverage of Priority 2 and 3 products and information. Existing products and information cannot be made adequate within the required time for each pan. (4) C-4: Major deficiencies may exist for Priority 1, 2, or 3 products. c. With the recommendations of the staff, the combatant commander chooses one COA and that COA is deveoped into the strategic concept, which is forwarded to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS) for review and approva. 5. Phase III, Pan Deveopment a. A CJCS-approved concept of operations is expanded into a compete OPLAN during the pan deveopment phase of deiberate panning. Those who do not know the conditions of mountains and forests, hazardous defies, marshes, and swamps cannot conduct the march of an army. Sun Tzu The Art of War b. During this phase, the GI&S officer shoud: Determine what shortfas exist in GI&S coverage and, in conjunction with NIMA, deveop a production strategy to eiminate or reduce the risk of those shortfas. Determine the appropriate priority for the production or update of required geospatia data and products in accordance with CJCSI , Requirements for Goba Geospatia Information and Services (GGI&S). II-5

25 Chapter II Determine what GI&S support shortfas exist with the forces apportioned by the JSCP. Deveop Annex M (GI&S) to the basic pan. A sampe Annex M is shown in CJCSM , Joint Operation Panning and Execution System, Vo II: (Panning Formats and Guidance). Guideines for the review of OPLANs are contained in CJCSM , Procedures for the Review of Operations Pans. Ensure that GI&S assets and products are incuded in the TPFDD to ensure proper movement of critica personne, equipment, and GI&S data and products into theater. Responsibiity for buiding the TPFDD records rests with the Service components; therefore, constant coordination with the Service components and supporting combatant command GI&S officers is required. 6. Phase IV, Pan Review The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff conducts a fina review of the OPLAN submitted by the supported commander during Phase IV. This review evauates the pan to determine whether taskings have been met and whether resources have been used effectivey with the constraints of the JSCP apportionment guidance. NIMA conducts a forma review of the pan s Annex M (GI&S). 7. Phase V, Supporting Pans a. This phase deas with mobiization, depoyment, empoyment, sustainment, and redepoyment of forces and resources in support of the concept described in the supported commander s approved pan. The review and approva of supporting pans is the responsibiity of the commander they support. However, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff may be requested to resove II-6 critica issues that arise during the review of supporting pans, and NIMA and the Joint Staff may coordinate the review of any supporting pans on behaf of the Chairman and other members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) shoud circumstances warrant. b. Support panning identifies the quantity of suppies, equipment, and repacement personne required to sustain the force, and to phase their movement into the theater. Support panning determines the quantities of suppy by broad category and converts them into weights and voumes that can be compared to avaiabe strategic and intratheater ift capacity. The combatant command GI&S officer must coordinate with the J-4 to ensure adequatey prioritized ift and distribution support are provided for the shipment of paper maps and charts as we as data in digita format such as tapes and CD- ROMs (See Figure II-5). In coordination with the J-6, the GI&S officer wi pan communications support so that adequate communications bandwidth exists to transmit digita geospatia information from CONUS to depoyed units and data management centers. c. During this phase, the combatant command GI&S officer works cosey with the appropriate NIMA customer support team and wi: Coordinate with Service components and supporting combatant commands to determine their GI&S basic oad and war reserve stock (WRS). Task Service components and supporting combatant commands to provide NIMA with automatic distribution (AD) requirements to support unit basic oad and panning stock requirements. Joint Pub 2-03

26 Deiberate Panning for GI&S Support MAP & CHART TRANSPORTATION PLANNING FACTORS A map paet normay hods 25,000 maps... Air in... and weighs approximatey 2500 bs C141 hods L paets C5 hods L paets Sea... 4 map paets = 1 463L aircraft paet Sea-Land 20 map paets = one 40 ft container Figure II-5. Map & Chart Transportation Panning Factors Activities responsibe for the WRS maintenance must be directed to ensure that their AD accounts and istings are up-to-date. Ensure Service components and supporting combatant commands incude GI&S requirements in their TPFDD records. Determine ocations for storage of WRS, to incude coordination for faciities and a maintenance pan. Maintenance of the WRS wi be accompished by either NIMA or a Service component. A memorandum of understanding (MOU) wi be prepared to assign maintenance responsibiities. Pan to impement augmentation from components and NIMA for distribution operations, if necessary. If NIMA augmentation is to be used, the requirement shoud be stated in both the pan s Annex M and in a forma MOU between the command and NIMA. Coordinate forma agreements or MOUs, if required, to support other aspects of the GI&S ogistics. Exampes incude provisions for support from host nations and the roe of aied units in GI&S operations. Deveop procedures to process the discosure and reease of geospatia data so that any assigned mutinationa forces have access to required geospatia information. Deveop a pan for residua GI&S stocks that may remain in-theater after operations cease. This pan may ca for the destruction of GI&S stocks, turnover to host-nation forces (once proper discosure and reease has been granted), or shipment back to theater or CONUS depots. Cassified GI&S data and products II-7

27 Chapter II must be disposed of in accordance with DOD Manua DoD Information Security Program. Uncassified imited distribution products may be disposed of in accordance with DOD Manua M, Defense Utiization and Disposa Manua. Identify and task a geospatia data base manager and unit to maintain the theater geospatia information data warehouse. Define procedures for reporting and requesting geospatia information to and from the theater geospatia data warehouse. 8. Concusion During deiberate panning, the GI&S officer coordinates with the combatant command staff to determine requirements for GI&S support and ensures that GI&S assets, products, and digita data are incuded in transportation and communications panning. The GI&S officer works cosey with NIMA to determine what geospatia information aready exists, what risks can be accepted, and the priority for production to satisfy shortfas. Estabish co-production procedures and requirements for intratheater support. II-8 Joint Pub 2-03

28 CHAPTER III CRISIS ACTION PLANNING FOR GI&S SUPPORT Just as our sodiers must carry their weapons and ammunition as they depoy, they must aso carry the maps which make maneuver and fire effective on the battefied. Major Genera Barry R. McCaffrey Commanding Genera, 24th Infantry Division Operation DESERT STORM 1. Introduction a. The basic panning process is adapted to execute joint operations in crisis situations. Crisis action panning (CAP) procedures provide the GI&S panner with an abbreviated process for determining GI&S support to a rapidy deveoping miitary operation. b. Deiberate and CAP for any particuar joint operation are interreated by the degree to which deiberate panning has been abe to anticipate and prepare for the crisis. Every crisis situation cannot be anticipated, but detaied anaysis and coordination accompished during the deiberate panning period may greaty expedite CAP. GI&S support panning for CAP shoud aways begin with a thorough examination of reevant deiberate pans. c. CAP and execution are accompished within a framework of six phases as described in Joint Pub 5-0, Doctrine for Panning Joint Operations. Discussed beow are the processes and procedures pertinent to GI&S panning during CAP. Appendix C, GI&S Crisis Action Checkist, serves as a starter checkist for the GI&S officer to consider when conducting CAP. 2. Phase I, Situation Deveopment Situation deveopment is a dynamic process that evoves simutaneousy with poicy (See Figure III-1). Proper situation deveopment demands that staffs be abe to provide immediate advice to commanders, based on deiberate panning. The combatant command GI&S staff must be abe to provide to the staff those products and data necessary for panning their assessments. During this phase, a principe task of the GI&S officer is to deveop a commander s situation assessment for geospatia information support. The report must provide current and accurate assessments of the preparedness of the command to execute miitary operations in the AOI from a GI&S perspective. The GI&S officer shoud make this assessment in conjunction with the appropriate customer support team from NIMA. The GI&S officer s assessment must consider the foowing factors. a. The geographic footprint of the AOI. b. The operationa requirements for GI&S based on the mission and the force structure. The PFDB can be used to determine what geospatia information is needed by specific weapons and C2 systems. c. The avaiabiity and currency of geospatia information that is what products and data currenty reside on the shef at depots and servers. d. A preiminary recommendation for what GI&S forces shoud be incuded on the joint task force (JTF) composition. III-1

29 Chapter III CRISIS ACTION PLANNING - PHASE I Situation Deveopment Nationa Command Authorities Decisions Combatant Command Supporting Pans Commander's Assessment GI&S Annex Nationa Command Authorities Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Geospatia Information and Services (GI&S) Staff Deveop situation assessment Geographic "footprint" of area of operations GI&S avaiabiity Force structure recommendations for GI&S support Coordinate nationa and theater eve GI&S forces Coordinate crisis production Coordinate communications inks and transportation support with J-6 and J-4 Figure III-1. Crisis Action Panning - Phase I e. In conjunction with the J-6, an initia estimate of the communications requirements needed to transmit digita geospatia data between forward-depoyed units, CONUS production centers and digita data warehouses, theater-eve computer data servers, and to mutinationa forces. f. The use of interim products such as sateite image maps instead of topographic ine maps, and meteoroogica data systems instead of more standard and more detaied digita data. What geospatia information can be deveoped or updated is a function of requirements and time avaiabe. NIMA can assist in determining what data can be made avaiabe in the time required. 3. Phase II, Crisis Assessment During Phase II, the Nationa Command Authorities (NCA) and the JCS anayze the situation assessment and determine whether a miitary option shoud be III-2 prepared. The combatant command GI&S officer continues to refine the GI&S assessment competed in Phase I and now begins to consider the strategic ift requirements for transporting required geospatia data of the operationa area and the AOI. The crisis assessment phase ends with a decision by the NCA to return to the pre-crisis state or to have miitary options deveoped for consideration and possibe use. The NCA decision provides strategic guidance for joint operation panning and may incude specific guidance on the COAs to be deveoped (See Figure III-2). The responsibiities of the GI&S officer during Phase II are as foows: a. Coordinate with NIMA to ensure that they are informed of the NCA decision and the CJCS panning guidance directive. b. Provide a recommendation and receive combatant commander guidance on the datum to be used for the operation. Joint Pub 2-03

30 Crisis Action Panning for GI&S Support CRISIS ACTION PLANNING - PHASE II Crisis Assessment Nationa Command Authorities (NCA) Decisions Commander's Assessment Pre-crisis State of Miitary Option Strategic Guidance Combatant Command Geospatia Information and Services (GI&S) Staff Define and answer information requirements of thencaandchairmanofthe Joint Chiefs of Staff Seect and/or appoint subordinate forces GI&S officer Identify GI&S support requirements to theater nationa eve Coordinate discosure reease to aies and/or coaition forces Coordinate GI&S staff augmentation with Services and /or NIMA Coordinate with US Transportation Command for GI&S support and Depoyment panning c. Coordinate with NIMA to pace a hod on distribution of any hardcopy products and digita media covering the AOI. This wi aow the GI&S officer to prioritize the distribution of the required data and products to the units invoved in the immediate operation. This hod shoud not, however, restrict activities from obtaining sma numbers of products for panning purposes. d. Deveop and provide guidance to NIMA, subordinate and supporting GI&S staffs, and appropriate forces regarding specia procedures to be used when requisitioning products over the AOI. Information about distribution imits and unit priorities must be estabished eary to prevent depetion of stocks. e. Coordinate with the J-4 to determine the effect the transportation infrastructure status has on depoyment panning for GI&S products, data, and GI&S production-capabe units as eary as possibe in the panning effort. Figure III-2. Crisis Action Panning - Phase II f. Coordinate with NIMA and the Services for GI&S staff augmentation, if required. NIMA has crisis response teams speciay trained in requirements panning, GI&S production, distribution, and map depot warehousing operations that can be depoyed in theater upon request by the combatant commander. These assets may be assigned to work directy for the combatant commander or the designated JTF GI&S officer to hep deveop and execute the GI&S support pan. The Nationa Imagery and Mapping Coege may provide technica assistance to joint forces. The US Army Topographic Engineering Center, the Nava Oceanographic Office, and other Service assets may aso provide assistance to joint forces as part of their Service components assigned to the operation. Information required by these DOD and Service activities incudes justification for request, what expertise is needed, where support wi be ocated, and approximatey when the support wi need to be in pace. III-3

31 Chapter III g. Coordinate the eary geospatia information production and coection efforts of nationa and theater assets. The combatant command GI&S officer must coordinate with a GI&S producers, incuding subordinate GI&S units, units from mutinationa forces, Service assets, and NIMA, to eiminate dupication of effort. h. Identify, in coordination with the joint force staff, GI&S requirements and/or requests from mutinationa forces. If required, begin coordinating requests for foreign discosure and/or reease with NIMA. i. Estabish points of contact with mutinationa forces for suppy and receipt of GI&S products and data. 4. Phase III, COA Deveopment At the beginning of Phase III, an NCA decision or CJCS panning directive to deveop miitary options is issued. This directive (and required actions) are described in Joint Pub 5-0, Doctrine for Panning Joint Operations, and Joint Pub , Joint Task Force Panning Guidance and Procedures. The supported commander anayzes each COA and provides recommendations to the NCA and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (See Figure III-3). This phase ends with submission of the commander s estimate, which incudes the GI&S estimate (Appendix B, GI&S Estimate ). a. In this phase, the GI&S officer coordinates with NIMA for anaysis of a COAs, and determines the supportabiity of each. b. The GI&S officer supports other staff eements with their panning effort by providing geospatia information or guidance. 5. Phase IV, COA Seection In Phase IV, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff reviews and evauates the combatant commander s estimate and prepares CRISIS ACTION PLANNING - PHASE III Course of Action (COA) Deveopment Nationa Command Authorities Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Nationa Command Authorities Decisions Panning Guidance Miitary Option Geospatia Information and Services (GI&S) Staff Deveop GI&S staff estimate Coordinate with NIMA for anaysis of each COA Determine the supportabiity of each COA Estimate COAs Combatant Command Figure III-3. Crisis Action Panning - Phase III III-4 Joint Pub 2-03

32 Crisis Action Panning for GI&S Support recommendations and advice for the NCA (See Figure III-4). The NCA seects a COA and directs that execution panning be accompished. An aert order impements the NCA decision and contains sufficient detai to aow the joint force commander (JFC) to conduct detaied panning. A CJCS panning order coud be issued to initiate execution panning before the NCA seects a COA. The focus of the GI&S staff eement shifts to the COA seected by the NCA. In addition, the GI&S officer wi compete the foowing tasks. a. Review the checkist found in Appendix C, GI&S Crisis Action Checkist, for issues to consider. b. Ensure that a subordinate joint force GI&S personne understand the organizationa structures, command, and mutinationa reationships estabished for the mission. Subordinate forces and supporting command GI&S personne shoud be briefed on key C2 reationships affecting their specific responsibiities. c. Coordinate with the J-3 and J-4 to ensure adequate ift and priority is provided for the shipment of paper maps and charts as we as eectronic media. d. In coordination with the J-6, finaize communications support for the subordinate force GI&S eement so that adequate communications bandwidth exists to transmit digita geospatia information from CONUS to depoyed units and data management centers. Deveop backup procedures for maintaining support to units if primary communications are ost. e. Ensure that requests for theater and nationa augmentation (both personne and equipment, to incude NIMA resources) are formay submitted and responses are tracked. Coordinate with the manpower and personne officer to ensure that ogistic preparations for ocating and housing augmentees are underway. f. Coordinate fina personne, systems, suppy, and equipment requirements with the CRISIS ACTION PLANNING - PHASE IV Course of Action (COA) Seection Nationa Command Authorities Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Estimate COAs Miitary Option Seects COA Aert Order Geospatia Information and Services (GI&S) Staff Shift focus to seected COA Review GI&S checkists Brief GI&S command and contro Check augmentation from Service and/or nationa assets Ensure GI&S items in JOPES and TPFDD Resove foreign discosure and/or reease issues Obtain status on GI&S crisis production Begin map depot coordination Combatant Command Figure III-4. Crisis Action Panning - Phase IV III-5

33 Chapter III subordinate GI&S officer and ensure that these requirements are submitted to JOPES and the TPFDD. g. Resove foreign discosure and/or reease poicies with respect to geospatia information and inform subordinate GI&S personne of these procedures. Requirements to share geospatia data must be finaized and specific products or data to be shared must be identified in Annex M in the OPORD. Coordinate with NIMA for support being provided to mutinationa forces through the United Nations (UN), North Atantic Treaty Organization (NATO), or other internationa organizations. h. Obtain a status from NIMA on their crisis production pan to cover GI&S shortfas. i. Begin coordination with NIMA on intheater map depot estabishment and manning requirements. 6. Phase V, Execution Panning This phase begins with receipt of the aert order or panning order from the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The approved COA is transformed into an OPORD. Detaied panning occurs throughout the joint panning community. If required, the supported commander wi initiate campaign panning or refine a campaign pan aready deveoped. The supported commander deveops the OPORD and supporting TPFDD by modifying an existing OPLAN, expanding an existing CONPLAN, or deveoping a new pan (See Figure III-5). This phase ends with an NCA decision to impement the OPORD. In those instances where the crisis does not progress to impementation, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff provides guidance on continued panning using either deiberate or CAP procedures. a. The panning emphasis during this phase shifts to transportation requirements and the buiding of movement schedues. The movement status of GI&S forces, equipment, and geospatia data shoud be incuded in every status report and briefing prepared during the panning of joint operations. b. GI&S officer actions during this phase incuding the foowing: Brief subordinate GI&S officers, NIMA, and Service geospatia information support activities on the aert or panning order; Finaize any remaining Phase IV or previous actions that were compressed due to the rapid deveopment of the crisis situation; Refine Annex M (GI&S) to the OPORD according to CJCSM , Joint Operation Panning and Execution System, Vo II: (Panning Formats and Guidance) ; Ensure that a subordinate GI&S personne understand the GI&S support operations concept; Ensure that command, contro, communications, and computers (C4) reationships have been defined for GI&S support to major component forces of the subordinate joint force; Apprise the supported commander of the current status of GI&S capabiities and imitations as we as the status of crisis production of geospatia information; and Brief personne on the compete OPORD. III-6 Joint Pub 2-03

34 Crisis Action Panning for GI&S Support CRISIS ACTION PLANNING - PHASE V Execution Panning Nationa Command Authorities Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Impementation OPORD Miitary Option Aert Order Operation Order (OPORD) Combatant Command Geospatia Information and Services (GI&S) Staff Brief subordinate joint force GI&S staff on the aert or panning order Brief NIMA and other GI&S production activities Finaize Phase IV actions Finaize Annex M (GI&S) Define C4 reationships Apprise supported commander of the GI&S situation Coordinate crisis production of geospatia information and products Brief personne on the compete OPORD Campaign Pan Figure III-5. Crisis Action Panning - Phase V 7. Phase VI, Execution If the NCA decides to execute the seected COA, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff issues an execute order to begin Phase VI, Execution. The execute order directs the depoyment and empoyment of forces, defines the timing for initiation of operations, and conveys guidance not provided in earier CAP orders and instructions. This phase continues unti the crisis or mission ends and force redepoyment has been competed. If the crisis is proonged, the process may be repeated continuousy as circumstances change and missions are revised. If the crisis expands to major confict or war, CAP wi evove into and be absorbed within the arger context of impementation panning for the conduct of the war. As soon as the depoyment begins, the supported command GI&S officer coordinates the depoyment of requested GI&S augmentation of personne and/or equipment to the theater. The supported command GI&S officer continues to provide production guidance to NIMA and other CONUS-based geospatia data production activities, and provides taskings for in-theater assets unti the subordinate joint force GI&S staff has reached operationa status at the depoyed ocation (See Figure III-6). 8. Concusion The requirement to pan GI&S support for crisis operations depends greaty upon the scope of the mission, how much can be adapted from existing deiberate pans, and the tota time avaiabe for the CAP process. In some cases, phases may be skipped. To better prepare for this eventuaity, combatant command GI&S officers shoud create their own crisis panning checkists and exercise them. Appendix C, GI&S Crisis Action Checkist, provides a starting point for checkist deveopment. III-7

35 Chapter III CRISIS ACTION PLANNING - PHASE VI Execution Nationa Command Authorities Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Miitary Option Depoy GI&S Augmentation Assets Operation Order Geospatia Information and Services (GI&S) Staff Continue production and distribution guidance to NIMA and other GI&S assets Coordinate depoyment of GI&S augmentee personne and equipment Conduct hand-off of GI&S operations to supporting command GI&S officer Combatant Command Campaign Pan Figure III-6. Crisis Action Panning - Phase VI III-8 Joint Pub 2-03

36 CHAPTER IV GI&S COMMAND, CONTROL, COMMUNICATIONS, AND COMPUTER SUPPORT During the Civi War, Grant received information by teegraph and messenger...the 21st-century commander wi have rea time information from a dimensions of the battefied and must be capabe of decisive action within hours if not minutes. As we insert digita technoogy into our battefied systems, we are buiding an Army of unprecedented capabiity. Genera Gordon R. Suivan Army Chief of Staff March Introduction a. Communications and automated data processing (ADP) systems provide the basic framework for the timey dissemination of current digita geospatia information during the panning and execution phases of miitary operations. Communications and ADP technoogy are undergoing continuous evoution affecting GI&S architecture, systems, and appications. These rapid technoogy advances, whie aowing for more data to be visuaized and anayzed in better and faster ways, present tremendous chaenges to operator training, integration, interoperabiity, and the efficient use of avaiabe resources. These chaenges can be overcome by professiona training, hands-on experience, reaistic exercises, and carefu coordination and panning throughout the GI&S community. b. Geospatia information producers, weapons and C2 systems deveopers, and other ADP professionas must continuousy raise the threshod of dynamic support to commanders by successfuy creating and refining digita dissemination and expoitation of geospatia data. However, a deveopment must be supported by a warfighter need technoogy is not an end in itsef, but rather the means to transmit and expoit geospatia information in support of the commander and the mission. Technoogica deveopment must be reaisticay tempered by the imitations of fieded and depoyed systems and of the consumers themseves. The chaenge for the young eaders of tomorrow is to find the proper baance between those infantrymen and the technoogy needed to give them the improved mobiity, ethaity, and survivabiity required to win on the battefieds of the future. LtGen Chares E. Wihem Commander Marine Forces Atantic View from the Foxhoe, Marine Corps Gazette, Aug GI&S Communications Capabiities a. The DOD GI&S architecture impements common procedures, standards, data formats, and interoperabe software, whie continuing to evove with the Command, Contro, Communication, Computers, and Inteigence (C4I) for the Warrior concept. This broady connected joint system provides tota battespace information to the warrior, and estabishes a goba C4I capabiity for the warfighter to pug in anytime, anywhere, for any mission (See Figure IV-1). IV-1

37 Chapter IV COMMAND, CONTROL, COMMUNICATIONS, COMPUTERS, AND INTELLIGENCE FOR THE WARRIOR CONCEPT Nationa and/or Theater Goba Command and Contro System Goba Internet (Defense Information Systems Network) Operationa Army Joint Task Force Air Force Tactica Marine Corps Specia Operations Forces Navy Figure IV-1. Command, Contro, Communications, Computers, and Inteigence for the Warrior Concept b. Nationa Imagery and Mapping Agency Support. The Director, NIMA, as the DOD program manager for GI&S, estabishes interoperabiity standards and data formats for joint and Service GI&S support. NIMA coordinates the nationa communications and ADP structure for GI&S support to the combatant commands and inteigence agencies. The combatant commands and inteigence agencies use these same standards and data formats for transmitting geospatia data to subordinate commands and joint forces. 3. Mutinationa Force GI&S Support and Interoperabiity a. Combined operations and coaition warfare are now common for miitary operations, which makes the sharing of geospatia information with aies increasingy important. There is no existing mutieve security system to faciitate dissemination of discosabe and reeasabe information to US, aied, and/or coaition operationa commanders. Combatant commands and subordinate JTFs can request through NIMA that geospatia data be either discosed or reeased to coaition and/or aied nations as necessary. b. A subordinate joint force shoud be interoperabe with, and have access to, theater- ADP systems and geospatia data bases, as we as aied and/or coaition force data bases and GI&S dissemination systems. For exampe, geospatia data may be stored on systems such as the Linked Operationa Inteigence Centers Europe (LOCE). LOCE is the primary automated system for IV-2 Joint Pub 2-03

38 GI&S Command, Contro, Communications, and Computer Support exchanging information with NATO aies. A simiar capabiity exists in Korea with the Pacific ADP Server Site-Korea. 4. Estabishing GI&S Communications Support Requirements a. A wide range of nationa, theater, and component C4 systems are avaiabe to a JFC. The continuing evoution of the primary Department of Defense Inteigence Information System (DODIIS), incuding the Joint Wordwide Inteigence Communications System (JWICS) and the Joint Depoyabe Inteigence Support System (JDISS) or cient-server environment compiant workstation, provides a robust and fexibe capabiity for a subordinate joint force. Whie these systems are designed and used primariy for the transfer of inteigence data, they can aso be used for the dissemination of updated geospatia data. The existence of this capabiity does not, however, ensure that geospatia data can be disseminated without significant panning and coordination. When panning communications requirements, the GI&S officer identifies the type of mission, formuates the concept of operations, considers joint and Service doctrine, and determines the specific mission requirements. The GI&S officer must work cosey with the J-2 and the J-6 to determine GI&S data bandwidth requirements, recommend priorities of data transmission, and deveop backup pans. Supporting communications paths wi require procurement or extension to ink the JFC with the Defense Information Systems Network (DISN) to aow for the transmission of arge geospatia data fies. Specific mission objectives of the JFC and each of the subordinate commanders are deveoped. The GI&S officer provides a ist of the subordinate joint force GI&S assets assigned from nationa, theater, and Service eves, a specific activity timeine for operations panned for the JFC and each subordinate commander, and an estimate of the data bandwidth requirements to fi shortfas in geospatia data transmissions. The J-6 determines the specific communications pan to deiver geospatia data to the JFC and to the subordinate commanders. Products incude a node-to-node ayout of existing and panned data transmission routes and the identification of a organizations or units that wi be incuded on the communications architecture (See Figure IV-2). b. Key concepts to successfu GI&S support are joint interoperabiity, streamined fow of information, and the provision for pu-down geospatia information taiored to the needs of the operationa forces. The abiity to provide the tactica commander with near rea time geospatia data continues to be a critica factor that is becoming more important as supporting technoogy matures. 5. Combatant Commander s Communications Panning a. Architecture Panning The transmission and dissemination of digita geospatia data is an evoving concept. The DOD GI&S community is invoved in ongoing research to deveop new and faster ways to transfer the arge data fies associated with geospatia information. The GI&S officer must carefuy pan and coordinate this aspect of the mission with NIMA and other CONUS GI&S support activities, the J-2, the J-6, and subordinate units. IV-3

39 Chapter IV GEOSPATIAL INFORMATION AND SERVICES COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE Sateite Combatant Commander GBS DODIIS JWICS INTELINK SIPRNET GCCS Internet Other Dedicated and ine GI&S Warehouse Vaue-added data Subordinate JFC Anaysis C2 Targeting Decision making Visuaization Navigation Modeing & Simuation DODIIS GBS GCCS DOD Inteigence Information System Goba Broadcast Service Goba Command and Contro System JFC JWICS SIPRNET Joint Force Commander Joint Wordwide Inteigence Communications System SECRET Internet Protoco Router Network Figure IV-2. Geospatia Information and Services Communications System Architecture Every effort shoud be made for units to depoy with the most current geospatia data on eectronic media such as digita tape, CD-ROMs, or removabe disks. Pre-positioned geospatia data wi imit the oad on communications bandwidths to data updates. In coordination with the J-2 and the GI&S officer, the combatant command J-6 shoud estabish an adequate GI&S communications path for the subordinate JFC and/or subordinate command prior to operationa depoyment (See Figure IV-3). The joint force shoud use estabished wide-area networks (WANs) as the basis for panning its IV-4 communications, ADP support, and dissemination to the joint force component commanders for both cassified and uncassified geospatia data. In coordination with the J-2 and the GI&S officer, the combatant command J-6 buids a taiored, integrated communications architecture which inks the JTF and subordinate forces with NIMA and other nationa, Service, and theater-eve GI&S data bases and production capabiities. Once the architecture is defined, the GI&S officer works with the J-3 and the J-4 to update the TPFDD and the time-phased force and depoyment ist. The J-6 and the GI&S officer shoud sove any Joint Pub 2-03

40 GI&S Command, Contro, Communications, and Computer Support GEOSPATIAL INFORMATION AND SERVICES OFFICER AND COMPUTER SYSTEMS STAFF OFFICER COMMUNICATIONS PLANNING GI&S Officer Determines command requirements for GI&S digita transmissions Coordinates with J-6 for communications bandwidth Coordinates with J-5 and J-4 to update TPFDD Coordinates with NIMA and other GI&S activities for connectivity, bandwidth protocos and format J-6 Coordinates with the Defense Information Systems Agency for eased and other nonorganic communications assets Sateite Microwave Radio Land ine Wide-area network Loca area network Figure IV-3. Geospatia Information and Services Officer and Computer Systems Staff Officer Communications Panning interoperabiity probems prior to system depoyment. b. System Panning Subordinate joint force communications inks incude sateite, microwave, radio, andine, WANs, and oca area networks (LANs). The subordinate joint force GI&S officer and J-6 identify the proper frequencies, communications protocos (bit rate, parity, and other communications protocos), network security management requirements, and other procedures required to make the architecture function propery. The resuting communications capabiity interfaces with NIMA s data warehouse and other nationa assets, with Service data hodings, with theater data bases and with mutinationa forces geospatia data bases. Requests from the combatant command J-6 for Defense Information Systems Agency eased or non-organic theater communications resources may become compex. The J-6 requires detaied information for forma request documentation. Information required incudes the type of teecommunications support required, proposed ocation(s), time required to be operationa, duration, funding, capabiity justifications, termina types at a ocations, estimated geospatia traffic voumes, precedence and security eves, usage duration and recommended restoration priorities. The combatant command GI&S officer must coordinate with NIMA and Service assets for communications methods and hardware protocos. Required communications capabiities considered by the J-6 panner and the IV-5

41 Chapter IV JOINT BROADCAST SYSTEM SUPPORT TO OPERATION ASSURED RESPONSE In eary Apri 1996, US Navy and Marine forces were dispatched to a ocation off the coast of Monrovia, Liberia for the evacuation of US personne in danger from an escaating civi war. The seaborne forces had no maps of Liberia onboard. Eements of the Nava Space Command (NAVSPACECOM) in Dagren, Virginia, in coordination with the Nationa Reconnaissance Office, worked to merge SPOT sateite imagery with vector feature data to create an imagery fie that coud be sent to the forces for operations panning. Once thumbnai views of the images were approved by command personne aboard the USS LaSae, NAVSPACECOM used the Joint Broadcast System (JBS), an eary test bed for the Goba Broadcast Service, to transmit the arge digita image fies to the command. This event marked the first use of the JBS to send geospatia information to a ship at sea during an actua operation. SOURCE: Various Sources IV-6 GI&S officer incudes channe capacity, defined as the maximum rate at which information can be sent over a communication channe without error. Imagery and other raster fie transmissions are of particuar concern because of their high bandwidth requirements. The J-6 and the GI&S officer must ensure that high bandwidth transmissions, such as imagery, do not precude or deay the receipt of other transmissions (e.g., messages), thereby affecting the overa mission. The wideband circuits required to resove this probem are costy and are not aways avaiabe in tactica ocations. Whie sateite transmissions systems offer high voume and broad coverage (compared to and ine and ine of sight radio systems) overa transmission capacity is imited by the avaiabe radio frequency bandwidth. Land ine system capacity is imited by the amount of wire or fiber in pace throughout the system. c. Panning Considerations GI&S operations are rapidy evoving and testing both push and pu concepts. The pu concept aows joint forces to browse through geospatia data fies and acquire reevant information based upon their specific needs. These data may reside on a distributed network that remains virtuay invisibe to the warfighter, but is inked to many servers on a goba basis. The push concept requires that nationa- or theater-eve producers of geospatia data automaticay send updated data (or data required for safety of navigation) to a nodes in the joint force or to a specia distribution ist of known users. The combatant command GI&S officer must identify the requirements for data base management for the operation. It is anticipated that many users wi have the capabiity to vaue-add, or update the geospatia data base with more current or more detaied information. It is critica that this updated data be disseminated to a pertinent users in the theater and back to NIMA for incusion in the DOD geospatia data warehouse. The combatant command GI&S officer, in coordination with the subordinate command GI&S officer, shoud identify a singe point of contact for a in-theater Joint Pub 2-03

42 GI&S Command, Contro, Communications, and Computer Support data base management actions. This data base manager reviews and vaidates any vaue-added data before its dissemination to other components in theater and before sending it back to NIMA. The requirement to exchange arge quantities of data among dispersed forces paces considerabe demands on communications networks. The GI&S panner must understand the possibe adverse effect arge voumes of geospatia data may have on a imited bandwidth transmission system. Communications systems do not have an infinite capacity. Joint Pub 6-0, Doctrine for Command, Contro, Communications, and Computer (C4) Systems Support to Joint Operations, states, Combatant commanders determine priorities of C4 systems and aocate communications circuits and channes (bandwidth) within the geographic or functiona area of responsibiity of their commands, incuding those required by component and other subordinate commands. 6. Communications Systems a. Joint Wordwide Inteigence Communications System. A JWICS containerized and mobie capacity has been deveoped to support contingency requirements through the use of miitary or commercia sateite or terrestria earth terminas. The containerized JWICS is designed with six containers of video and communications gateway equipment. The mobie JWICS system is JWICS Mobie Integrated Communications System (JMICS). JMICS provides a scaabe, depoyabe JWICS that is sef-contained on heavy, high mobiity mutipurpose wheeed vehices for rapid depoyment. Key features incude sateite connectivity, facsimie, coatera, and sensitive compartmented information (SCI), LAN-capabe workstations, and JDISS network servers. JWICS is a secure (Top Secret SCI), high speed mutimedia communications network designed to support inteigence production and dissemination, as we as video teeconferencing and other video transfer. b. Joint Depoyabe Inteigence Support System. JDISS bundes commercia off-theshef hardware and software appications in a standard desktop environment. JDISS provides a fied-depoyabe office automation suite that aows eectronic mai and chat sessions between inteigence echeons via the site s existing communications architecture. JDISS provides access to theater, Service, and nationa GI&S resources, such as data bases, basic imagery, specific GI&S toos and software, and some support functions required to execute the GI&S support mission. JDISS is the preferred method of providing secondary imagery dissemination to the combatant commanders and subordinate JFCs. c. INTELINK buids on ongoing architectura initiatives at the Top Secret/SCI, Secret, and Uncassified cassification eves. INTELINK provides a comprehensive set of toos to query, access, and retrieve information. INTELINK is both an architectura framework and an integrated inteigence dissemination and coaboration service providing uniform methods for access and retrieva of inteigence data. The INTELINK framework conforms to the future direction of the nationa information infrastructure. Patterned after the internet and using web browser technoogy, INTELINK is part of an overa effort to reduce dupication among the various agencies and services, enhance interoperabiity, modernize systems, and everage the impressive deveopments by the commercia sector in mutimedia computing and communications fieds. IV-7

43 Chapter IV 7. Communications and ADP Systems and Networks Joint Pub 6-0, Doctrine for Command, Contro, Communications, and Computer (C4) Systems Support to Joint Operations, provides more information on the systems briefy described beow. a. DODIIS is the inteigence component of DISN, the DOD teecommunications infrastructure that supports miitary operations. DODIIS defines the standards for inteigence system and appication interoperabiity. DODIIS toos support movement of data between NIMA, the combatant commands, the Services, and other geospatia production activities and users wordwide. This program incudes access to on-ine data bases with digita geospatia data, and aows for the pu of information, CD- ROM storage, document imaging, eectronic pubishing, and networked (via interna LANs or JWICS) mass storage devices to contain arge voumes of digita geospatia data. b. The SECRET Internet Protoco Router Network (SIPRNET) is the secreteve WAN, with a wordwide backbone router system. Various DOD router services and systems are migrating onto the SIPRNET backbone router network to serve the needs of the users. c. Goba Command and Contro System (GCCS) GCCS was impemented in accordance with the C4I for the Warrior concept. GCCS is a depoyabe C2 system that supports joint and mutinationa operations throughout the range of miitary operations anytime and anywhere in the word with compatibe, interoperabe, and integrated C4I systems. GCCS incorporates poicies, procedures, reporting structures, trained personne, automated information processing systems, and connectivity to provide up to Secret information necessary to pan, depoy, empoy, and sustain forces. The new technoogy that is aready at hand has huge impications for the future, and we need to take a hard ook at how we can adapt to it before someone ese shows us how... across the battefied. Genera Chares C. Kruak Commandant of the Marine Corps Embracing Innovation, Marine Corps Gazette, Jan 96 GCCS meets the C2 requirements of the NCA through the subordinate joint force by encompassing four main communities: nationa (NCA, the Nationa Security Counci, and CJCS and Service headquarters); theater (supported combatant commands and other component commanders); the subordinate JFCs and their component commanders; and supporting groups (supporting combatant commands and their component commanders, Service major commands, UN and aied commands, and other US Government agencies such as the Defense Inteigence Agency, NIMA, the Department of State, and the Department of Transportation (the US Coast Guard). GCCS provides anaytica toos, information processing technoogies and other GI&S toos through interoperabe map software such as the Joint Mapping Too Kit. At a user eves, the system is abe to provide geospatia information on a pu basis so that the user can taior information requirements. Push updates automaticay distribute critica changes to ensure that the warfighter receives current information. The intent is to meet mutipe users requirements by IV-8 Joint Pub 2-03

44 GI&S Command, Contro, Communications, and Computer Support providing concise information taiored to the users needs on a singe system that eiminates mutipe patform dispays. d. Goba Broadcast Service is an information service that uses commerciay deveoped direct broadcast technoogy to provide a wide range of information, incuding geospatia data, to the warfighter. This simpex broadcast system is initiay using eased commercia sateite capacity to provide high bandwidth capabiity for broadcast of information such as imagery and geospatia data bases. 8. Concusion systems necessary to provide timey and interoperabe connectivity between nationa geospatia information providers, the combatant command, and the supported and supporting commands. This panning is crucia for the warfighter to take advantage of the growing digita information avaiabe in the geospatia data warehouse. Data management functions must be coordinated eary in the panning to assign direct responsibiities for the contro and dissemination of geospatia data. The GI&S officer is responsibe for ensuring the command s subordinate units are a using the same data sets which form the common operating picture of the battespace. The J-6 must carefuy coordinate with the GI&S officer for the C4 architecture and IV-9

45 Chapter IV Intentionay Bank IV-10 Joint Pub 2-03

46 APPENDIX A GI&S DELIBERATE PLANNING CHECKLIST Phase/Step Phase I - Task Assignment Actions of Combatant Command/JTF Staff Receive tasking document None Actions of GI&S Staff Phase II - Concept Deveopment Step 1: Mission Anaysis Combatant commander and staff read tasking document Review tasking document Staff obtains combatant commander s initia guidance In coordination with J-5, determine area of interest (atitude/ongitude coordinates) Determine specified, impied, subsidiary, and essentia tasks (J-3/J-5) Determine if datum issues exist; provide recommendation Prepare draft mission statement (J-3/J-5) Notify NIMA of area of interest imits Review apportioned force ist (J-3/J-5) Review enemy capabiities (J-2) Define tentative AOI boundaries to incude areas for mission rehearsa and staging (J-5) Request NIMA assessment of geospatia coverage for area of interest Determine GI&S needs based on force structure and weapons systems, C2 and inte needs Determine pan s geospatia information C-rating, based on avaiabe geospatia data versus needs Review AOI terrain (J-2) Determine acceptabe C-rating Identify controing factors evied by higher authority (constraints and imitations) In conjunction with NIMA, determine production strategy to fi shortfas A staff eements make initia assumptions Determine specified, impied, subsidiary, and essentia GI&S tasks Deveop draft GI&S mission statement Assist the J-2 with the JIPB process A-1

47 Appendix A Phase/Step Actions of Combatant Command/JTF Staff Actions of GI&S Staff Phase II - Concept Deveopment (cont d) Step 2: Panning Guidance Conduct Mission Anaysis Briefing for the combatant commander (J-5) Gain commander approva of mission anaysis products (tasks, mission statement, area of interest definition, assumptions) Obtain and/or document commander panning guidance (J-5) Provide maps, charts, and digita data as required to support the briefing Ensure datum issues are addressed Review written panning guidance Prepare COAs Keep NIMA informed of panning Provide panning guidance to the staff (J-5) Step 3: Staff Estimates Anayze and refine COAs contained in the panning guidance Determine when primary staff needs copies of the GI&S estimate Staff prepares staff estimates Refine GI&S mission statement Staff estimates briefed to the commander as necessary Review assigned and/or apportioned GI&S forces Confirm AOI imits Review facts and assumptions; incorporate new information obtained from NIMA or other sources Evauate each COA; prepare GI&S estimate (see Appendix B, GI&S Estimate ) Step 4: Commander s Estimate Prepare commander s estimate with recommended COA; receive CINC approva (J-5) Ensure critica issues from GI&S staff estimate are incuded in the commander s estimate Step 5: CINC s Strategic Concept Prepare CINC s strategic concept (J-5) Ensure area of interest is correcty described in strategic concept A-2 Joint Pub 2-03

48 GI&S Deiberate Panning Checkist Phase/Step Actions of Combatant Command/JTF Staff Actions of GI&S Staff Phase II - Concept Deveopment (cont d) Step 5: CINC s Strategic Concept (cont d) Transmit strategic concept to Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff for review (J-5) Verify a GI&S assumptions; ensure these are incuded in Assumptions paragraph of the strategic concept Staff obtains commander s initia guidance Refine GI&S mission statement to match commander s chosen COA Deveop GI&S concept of operations Deveop commander s intent for GI&S Determine and assign tasks to subordinates, supporting combatant commands, and agencies Deveop GI&S coordinating instructions Deveop concept for ogistic support for GI&S operations and coordinate with J-4 Deveop GI&S communications architecture in coordination with the J-6 Deveop command reationships for GI&S operations Step 6: CJCS Review Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff receives CINC s strategic concept Provide NIMA and supporting combatant command s GI&S officers with copies of GI&S estimate Joint Staff disseminates strategic concept to Services and DOD agencies for review Deveop draft Annex M (GI&S); provide to NIMA for comment Joint Staff assembes and transmits review comments to combatant commander If necessary, combatant commander adjusts strategic concept per CJCS guidance A-3

49 Appendix A Phase/Step Actions of Combatant Command/JTF Staff Actions of GI&S Staff Phase III - Pan Deveopment Step 1: Force Panning Identify a forces to accompish commander s concept and intent; incudes combat, combat support, combat service support, specia operations, and reserve forces Service components identify a GI&S units needed to accompish tasks in a GI&S functiona areas according to the GI&S concept of operations, commander s intent for GI&S, and tasks to subordinate Request forces to cover pan shortfas Ensure GI&S units are incuded in TPFDD and are depoyed in accordance with GI&S concept of operations Phase a forces into AOI by determining when they depoy, arrive and are empoyed In conjunction with J-5, request forces to cover GI&S capabiities shortfas (specificay production, data management, and distribution) Coordinate with US Transportation Command (USTRANSCOM) on TPFDD and force-fow anaysis data Step 2: Support Panning Identify non-unit suppies, equipment, and personne to sustain forces identified in Step 1 Finaize WRS ocations; verify storage capacity at each ocation Deveop TPFDD to fow support equipment and suppies into theater Coordinate for NIMA augmentation to staff or distribution operations as necessary Initiate actions to produce forma agreements necessary to support the GI&S concept of ogistics (i.e., with NIMA, host nation, mutinationa forces) Determine discosure and reease poicies A-4 Joint Pub 2-03

50 GI&S Deiberate Panning Checkist Phase/Step Actions of Combatant Command/JTF Staff Actions of GI&S Staff Phase III - Pan Deveopment (cont d) Step 2: Support Panning (cont d) Task Service components and supporting combatant commands to determine basic oads and war reserve for geospatia data (both hardcopy maps and charts and digita data stored on media) Task Service components and supporting combatant commands to TPFDD GI&S basic oads Task Service components and supporting combatant commands to incude war reserve in the TPFDD (if not aready stored in-theater) Deveop GI&S sustainment fow and TPFDD in coordination with NIMA Task Service components and supporting combatant commands to deveop AD accounts with NIMA to support unit basic oad and/or panning stock requirements Deveop AD isting to cover requirements of combatant command and/or JTF headquarters Step 3: Nucear Panning J-2, JTF Staff, and US Strategic Command conduct target panning and wi request NIMA to produce precise points as required to support the mission Assist staff target panning efforts by coordinating with NIMA Assist NIMA efforts to acquire source imagery by obtaining command emphasis for high priority NIMA source taskings A-5

51 Appendix A Phase/Step Actions of Combatant Command/JTF Staff Actions of GI&S Staff Phase III - Pan Deveopment (cont d) Step 4: Transportation Panning Step 5: Shortfa Identification Ensures Service components enter a force and non-unit records into the TPFDD Coordinate with USTRANSCOM to run simuations of strategic depoyments Review transportation simuations to ensure forces and equipment fow into theater according to the concept of operations Ensure that ist of GI&S forces, non-unit cargo, personne, and equipment is compete Review transportation simuations to ensure GI&S forces arrive intheater according to the GI&S concept of operations Step 6: Transportation Feasibiity Anaysis Step 7: TPFDD Refinement Step 8: Documentation Assess operationa impact of ate arrivas in-theater; examine aternatives J-4 or J-5 may attend or conduct a transportation feasibiity conference J-5 and USTRANSCOM conduct a transportation refinement conference to resove issues of strategic movement J-5 ensures a written aspects of the pan are competed, to incude the TPFDD J-5 prepares the pan for commander signature and submission to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff for review Assess operationa impact of ate arrivas in-theater; examine aternatives Assist J-4 or J-5 in transportation feasibiity assessments. Provide input for the movement of GI&S assets and resources Continue to provide input concerning the movement of GI&S assets and resources Compete fina version of Annex M and appendices; provide to J-5 Provide Annex M to NIMA, subordinate components, and supporting combatant commands Phase IV - Pan Review Joint Staff Director for Operationa Pans and Interoperabiity reviews the pan with the assistance of the Joint Staff, the Services, and Defense agencies. The review is normay competed within 60 days Compete a MOUs and GI&S agreements; incude in written pan Coordinate with NIMA for the forma review of Annex M A-6 Joint Pub 2-03

52 GI&S Deiberate Panning Checkist Phase/Step Actions of Combatant Command/JTF Staff Actions of GI&S Staff Phase V - Supporting Pans Combatant command J-5 ensures supporting commanders, joint forces, and Service components prepare their supporting pans Resove open issues with subordinate command and supporting command GI&S officers Resove a open issues with NIMA Review subordinate commands and supporting combatant commands GI&S Annexes Track geospatia information requirements production A-7

53 Appendix A Intentionay Bank A-8 Joint Pub 2-03

54 APPENDIX B GI&S ESTIMATE The GI&S estimate is an appraisa of avaiabe GI&S for a specific situation in a certain region of the word. It is used to determine the supportabiity of a COA, depending upon the GI&S requirements for panning and execution. The format for the GI&S estimate is incuded beow. B-1

55 Appendix B SECURITY CLASSIFICATION GI&S STAFF ESTIMATE NUMBER** SAMPLE GI&S ESTIMATE FORMAT GI&S ESTIMATE ( ) REFERENCES: a. Maps and Charts. b. Other reevant documents. Originating Section Issuing Headquarters* Pace of Issue Day, Month, Year 1. ( ) Mission. State the assigned task and its purpose. The mission of the command as a whoe is taken from the commander s mission anaysis, panning guidance, or other statement. 2. ( ) Situation a. Definition of the area of interest. Describe the imits of the area of interest both in terms of natura or cutura features and/or atitude and ongitude coordinates. If the area of interest imits are difficut to describe, a map with the appropriate boundaries shoud be appended. b. Assigned or apportioned GI&S assets. Identify those forces which can perform one or more of the foowing GI&S functions: map and chart distribution digita dissemination of data battespace anaysis paper map or chart production and reproduction digita data production geodetic surveying command and contro of GI&S assets geospatia data base management vaue-add to GI&S data sets construction of modeing and/or simuation data bases mensurated point production hydrographic surveying *When this estimate is distributed outside the issuing headquarters, the first ine of the heading is the officia designation of the issuing command, and the ending of the estimate is modified to incude authentication by the authorizing section, division, or other officia according to oca poicy. **Normay, these are numbered sequentiay during a caendar year. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION B-2 Joint Pub 2-03

56 GI&S Estimate SECURITY CLASSIFICATION c. Facts and assumptions. Facts and assumptions are usuay generated during the mission anaysis process, and may incude items pertaining to reease and discosure of GI&S products to mutinationa forces, transportation avaiabiity, and digita communications avaiabiity. d. GI&S considerations. Exampe items are: datum determination standard GI&S product and data avaiabiity data currency avaiabiity of nationa source imagery and commercia imagery GI&S support to and from mutinationa forces existing GI&S agreements between foreign countries war reserve stock and basic oad considerations sustainment of geospatia data sustainment of GI&S assets and personne creation and manning of forward map depots data requirements for mission rehearsa areas 3. ( ) Anaysis of Courses of Action. The foowing are exampes of factors the GI&S officer can use to weigh courses of action: GI&S forces and functions: The COA empoys forces to cover the greatest number of GI&S functions. Datums and interoperabiity: Assesses each COA by comparing forces and/or systems to the actua geographic footprint of the area of interest and its associated datum(s). Aied and/or coaition operations: Assessment of how each COA faciitates aied or coaition operations. Geospatia information coverage: Assessment of each COA for the geospatia data avaiabiity over the area of interest (if COAs have somewhat different geographic boundaries). NIMA supportabiity: An assessment by COA from a NIMA supportabiity perspective. Simpicity of GI&S distribution and digita dissemination: Assessment by COA of the probabe scheme for distributing paper maps and charts and the digita dissemination of geospatia data. C2 of GI&S assets: Assessment of the COA from a C2 perspective. Unit basic oads and war reserve stock: Assessment of the COA for requirements for operationa forces for both paper and digita geospatia data. 4. ( ) Comparison of Courses of Action. Using the factors stated above and others, the GI&S officer compares the different courses of action to determine if GI&S supportabiity is a factor for execution. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION B-3

57 Appendix B SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 5. ( ) Concusions. Once the anaysis is compete, the GI&S officer shoud either make a recommendation for a singe COA, or state that none of the COAs are adversey affected by the current GI&S situation. (signed) (The staff division chief [J-2 or J-3] signs the GI&S staff estimate. If the estimate is to be distributed outside the headquarters, the heading and signature bock must be changed to refect that fact.) ANNEXES: (By etter and tite) Annexes shoud be incuded where the information is in graphs (such as geospatia data coverage graphics) or is of such detai and voume that incusion makes the body of the estimate cumbersome. They shoud be ettered sequentiay as they occur throughout the estimate. DISTRIBUTION: (According to procedures and poicies of the issuing headquarters) SECURITY CLASSIFICATION B-4 Joint Pub 2-03

58 APPENDIX C GI&S CRISIS ACTION CHECKLIST Phase Actions of Combatant Command/JTF Staff Actions of GI&S Staff Phase I - Situation Deveopment Begin monitoring and reporting on the situation Provide panning maps, charts, and digita data to the staff Estabish a crisis action team to track the situation Understand enemy and friendy situations Begin the mission anaysis process; defines the mission Define the boundaries of the AOI and provide warning order to NIMA Identify avaiabe forces If required, request GI&S staff augmentation from NIMA or Service assets Identify major constraints Review combatant commander guidance Inform the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff of any actions or pans being taken (COA deveopment) Assist the staff in the COA deveopment Determine what forces and weapons systems are being considered for empoyment Assist the J-2 with the JIPB process In conjunction with NIMA, determine area requirements for GI&S support Request NIMA freeze issue of products that cover the AOI, except for sma quantities for panning Coordinate with subordinate command and supporting combatant command GI&S officers Deveop GI&S facts and assumptions Identify any datum issues in the AOI; make a preiminary recommendation to the J-5 C-1

59 Appendix C Phase Actions of Combatant Command/JTF Staff Actions of GI&S Staff Phase I - Situation Deveopment (cont d) Direct a in-theater GI&S activities to provide an immediate report (units, map depots) Assess the possibiity of mutinationa operations; the potentia for GI&S requirements and/or productions capabiities Begin reease and discosure assessments Phase II - Crisis Assessment Continue mission anaysis and situation monitoring Continue actions begun in Phase I Review existing OPLANs and CONPLANs for appicabiity to the situation Review Annex M of simiar OPLANs and CONPLANs Evauate disposition of assigned and avaiabe forces Provide guidance to NIMA, subordinate and supporting GI&S officers for product requisitioning (project codes, quantity imits, priority units, and other reated areas) Evauate status of assigned theater transportation assets Evauate most current status of GI&S units and activities Brief commander as necessary on the situation and ongoing panning actions Receive NIMA s initia assessment of product and data avaiabiity and suitabiity Determine geospatia data shortfas In conjunction with NIMA, determine priorities for crisis production Consider substitute products or data production such as singe coor overprints, image maps, native edition maps, and charts Phase III - Course of Action Deveopment Receive and evauate CJCS warning order Determine what organic or other avaiabe Service GI&S assets can provide to the crisis production effort C-2 Joint Pub 2-03

60 GI&S Crisis Action Checkist Phase Phase III - Course of Action Deveopment (cont d) Actions of Combatant Command/JTF Staff Deveop and evauate tentative COAs Actions of GI&S Staff Keep NIMA informed Deveop TPFDD Review the CJCS warning order; ensure NIMA has a copy With USTRANSCOM, conduct transportation feasibiity anayses Prepare commander s estimate with anaysis of a COAs Determine deadine for the submission of the commander s estimate; determine deadine for GI&S estimate Assist the staff in the COA deveopment and recommendation Provide a recommended COA Deveop a GI&S concept of operations for each COA under consideration Determine need for map depots to be estabished intheater Determine GI&S forces required for each COA Prepare a GI&S estimate for each COA Provide a copy of the competed commander s estimate to NIMA Coordinate with NIMA to push essentia GI&S products to assigned units Begin preparation of Annex M When (if) JTF GI&S officer is assigned, coordinate a actions to avoid dupication of effort Phase IV - Course of Action Seection Continue monitoring the situation and evauating the impacts on the recommended COA Discuss CJCS panning order or aert order with NIMA Continue transportation panning Compete draft Annex M; submit to NIMA for comment C-3

61 Appendix C Phase Actions of Combatant Command/JTF Staff Actions of GI&S Staff Phase IV - Course of Action Seection (cont d) Await receipt of the panning order or aert order from the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Work with J-4 and J-5 for transportation panning of GI&S products to depoying units and map depot(s) Await NCA decision on the seection of a COA Work with J-6 to determine paths for distribution of digita geospatia information to units at both home station and forward-depoyed sites Keep subordinate and supporting command GI&S officers informed Phase V - Execution Panning Make adjustments to COA based on NCA and/or CJCS guidance Monitor status of GI&S products and units Prepare compete OPORD for the NCA s seected COA Assist subordinate and supporting command GI&S officers to compete Annex M Maintain contact with NIMA on crisis production, distribution of products, and the avaiabiity of information in geospatia data servers; keep NIMA informed of ongoing panning activities and decisions Adjust GI&S support in accordance with changes to the pubished OPORD Coordinate with NIMA on the anticipated eves of GI&S sustainment Phase VI - Execution Receive CJCS execute order Issue execute order to the designated JTF C-4 Joint Pub 2-03

62 APPENDIX D REFERENCES The deveopment of Joint Pub 2-03 is based upon the foowing primary references: 1. DOD Manua M, Defense Utiization and Disposa Manua. 2. DOD Instruction , Programming Unique Mapping, Charting, and Geodesy (MC&G) Requirements for Deveoping Systems. 3. DOD Directive , Nationa Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA). 4. DOD Manua , DoD Information Security Program. 5. Joint Pub 0-2, Unified Action Armed Forces (UNAAF). 6. Joint Pub 1-02, DOD Dictionary of Miitary and Associated Terms. 7. Joint Pub 2-0, Doctrine for Inteigence Support to Joint Operations. 8. Joint Pub 2-01, Joint Inteigence Support to Miitary Operations. 9. Joint Pub 2-02, Nationa Inteigence Support to Joint Operations. 10. Joint Pub 3-0, Doctrine for Joint Operations. 11. Joint Pub 4-0, Doctrine for Logistic Support of Joint Operations. 12. Joint Pub 5-0, Doctrine for Panning Joint Operations. 13. Joint Pub , Joint Task Force Panning Guidance and Procedures. 14. Joint Pub 6-0, Doctrine for Command, Contro, Communications, and Computer (C4) Systems Support to Joint Operations. 15. CJCSI A, Geospatia Information and Services Suppementa Instruction to Joint Strategic Capabiities Pan. 16. CJCSM , Joint Operation Panning and Execution System, Vo II: (Panning Formats and Guidance). 17. CJCSM , Joint Operation Panning and Execution System, Vo II: (Suppementa Panning and Execution Formats and Guidance). 18. CJCSM , Procedures for the Review of Operation Pans. D-1

63 Appendix D 19. CJCSI , Position Reference Procedures. 20. CJCSI , Requirements for Goba Geospatia Information and Services (GGI&S). 21. Miitary Handbook 850, Gossary of Mapping, Charting, and Geodetic Terms. D-2 Joint Pub 2-03

64 APPENDIX E ADMINISTRATIVE INSTRUCTIONS 1. User Comments Users in the fied are highy encouraged to submit comments on this pubication to the Joint Warfighting Center, Attn: Doctrine Division, Fenwick Road, Bdg 96, Fort Monroe, VA These comments shoud address content (accuracy, usefuness, consistency, and organization), writing, and appearance. 2. Authorship The ead agent for this pubication is the United States Atantic Command. The Joint Staff doctrine sponsor for this pubication is the Director for Inteigence (J-2). 3. Change Recommendations a. Recommendations for urgent changes to this pubication shoud be submitted: TO: INFO: CINCUSACOM NORFOLK VA//J33// JOINT STAFF WASHINGTON DC//J7-JDD// Routine changes shoud be submitted to the Director for Operationa Pans and Interoperabiity (J-7), JDD, 7000 Joint Staff Pentagon, Washington, DC b. When a Joint Staff directorate submits a proposa to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff that woud change source document information refected in this pubication, that directorate wi incude a proposed change to this pubication as an encosure to its proposa. The Miitary Services and other organizations are requested to notify the Director, J-7, Joint Staff, when changes to source documents refected in this pubication are initiated. c. Record of Changes: CHANGE COPY DATE OF DATE POSTED NUMBER NUMBER CHANGE ENTERED BY REMARKS E-1

65 Appendix E 4. Distribution a. Additiona copies of this pubication can be obtained through Service pubication centers. b. Ony approved pubs and test pubs are reeasabe outside the combatant commands, Services, and Joint Staff. Reease of any cassified joint pubication to foreign governments or foreign nationas must be requested through the oca embassy (Defense Attaché Office) to DIA Foreign Liaison Office, PSS, Room 1A674, Pentagon, Washington, DC c. Additiona copies shoud be obtained from the Miitary Service assigned administrative support responsibiity by DOD Directive , 1 November 1988, Support of the Headquarters of Unified, Specified, and Subordinate Joint Commands. By Miitary Services: Army: Air Force: Navy: Marine Corps: Coast Guard: US Army AG Pubication Center SL 1655 Woodson Road Attn: Joint Pubications St. Louis, MO Air Force Pubications Distribution Center 2800 Eastern Bouevard Batimore, MD CO, Nava Inventory Contro Point 700 Robbins Avenue Bdg 1, Customer Service Phiadephia, PA Marine Corps Logistics Base Abany, GA Coast Guard Headquarters, COMDT (G-OPD) nd Street, SW Washington, DC d. Loca reproduction is authorized and access to uncassified pubications is unrestricted. However, access to and reproduction authorization for cassified joint pubications must be in accordance with DOD Reguation R. E-2 Joint Pub 2-03

66 GLOSSARY PART I ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS AD ADP AOI C2 C4 C4I CAP CD-ROM CJCS CJCSI CJCSM COA CONPLAN CONUS DBDB DISN DOD DODIIS DTED GCCS GI&S IFSAR automatic distribution automated data processing area of interest command and contro command, contro, communications, and computers command, contro, communications, computers, and inteigence crisis action panning compact disk-read ony memory Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Instruction Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Manua course of action operation pan in concept format continenta United States digita bathymetric data base Defense Information Systems Network Department of Defense Department of Defense Inteigence Information System digita terrain eevation data Goba Command and Contro System geospatia information and services interferometric synthetic aperture radar J-2 Inteigence Directorate of a joint staff J-3 Operations Directorate of a joint staff J-4 Logistics Directorate of a joint staff J-5 Pans Directorate of a joint staff J-6 Command, Contro, Communications, and Computer Systems Directorate of a joint staff JCS Joint Chiefs of Staff JDISS Joint Depoyabe Inteigence Support System JFC joint force commander JIPB joint inteigence preparation of the battespace JMICS JWICS Mobie Integrated Communications System JOPES Joint Operation Panning and Execution System JSCP Joint Strategic Capabiities Pan JTF joint task force JWICS Joint Wordwide Inteigence Communications System GL-1

67 Gossary LABS LAN LOCE MOOTW MOU MSDS NATO NCA NIMA OPLAN OPORD PFDB SCI SIPRNET TPFDD UN USTRANSCOM aser airborne bathymetry system oca area network Linked Operationa Inteigence Centers Europe miitary operations other than war memorandum of understanding mission specific data sets North Atantic Treaty Organization Nationa Command Authorities Nationa Imagery and Mapping Agency operation pan operation order panning factors data base sensitive compartmented information SECRET Internet Protoco Router Network time-phased force and depoyment data United Nations United States Transportation Command WAN wide-area network WGS-84 Word Geodetic System 1984 WRS war reserve stock GL-2 Joint Pub 2-03

68 PART II TERMS AND DEFINITIONS area of interest. That area of concern to the commander, incuding the area of infuence, areas adjacent thereto, and extending into enemy territory to the objectives of current or panned operations. This area aso incudes areas occupied by enemy forces who coud jeopardize the accompishment of the mission. Aso caed AOI. (This term and its definition modifies the existing term and definition and are approved for incusion in the next edition of Joint Pub 1-02) data base. Information that is normay structured and indexed for user access and review. Data bases may exist in the form of physica fies (foders, documents, etc.) or formatted automated data processing system data fies. (Joint Pub 1-02) datum (geodetic). A reference surface consisting of five quantities: the atitude and ongitude of an initia point, the azimuth of a ine from that point, and the parameters of the reference eipsoid. (Joint Pub 1-02) Defense Information Systems Network. Integrated network, centray managed and configured to provide ong-hau information transfer services for a Department of Defense activities. It is an information transfer utiity designed to provide dedicated point-to-point, switched voice and data, imagery, and video teeconferencing services. Aso caed DISN. (Joint Pub 1-02) geospatia information and services. The concept for coection, information extraction, storage, dissemination, and expoitation of geodetic, geomagnetic, imagery (both commercia and nationa source), gravimetric, aeronautica, topographic, hydrographic, ittora, cutura, and toponymic data accuratey referenced to a precise ocation on the earth s surface. These data are used for miitary panning, training, and operations incuding navigation, mission panning, mission rehearsa, modeing, simuation and precise targeting. Geospatia information provides the basic framework for battespace visuaization. It is information produced by mutipe sources to common interoperabe data standards. It may be presented in the form of printed maps, charts and pubications; in digita simuation and modeing data bases; in photographic form; or in the form of digitized maps and charts or attributed centerine data. Geospatia services incude toos that enabe users to access and manipuate data, and aso incudes instruction, training, aboratory support, and guidance for the use of geospatia data. Aso caed GI&S. (This term and its definition are approved for incusion in the next edition of Joint Pub 1-02.) Goba Command and Contro System. Highy mobie, depoyabe command and contro system supporting forces for joint and mutinationa operations across the range of miitary operations, any time and anywhere in the word with compatibe, interoperabe, and integrated command, contro, communications, computers, and inteigence systems. Aso caed GCCS. (Joint Pub 1-02) interoperabiity. 1. The abiity of systems, units or forces to provide services to and accept services from other systems, units, or forces and to use the services so exchanged to enabe them to operate effectivey together. 2. The condition achieved among communicationseectronics systems or items of communications-eectronics equipment when information or services can be exchanged directy and satisfactoriy between them and/or their users. The GL-3

69 Gossary degree of interoperabiity shoud be defined when referring to specific cases. (Joint Pub 1-02) joint force. A genera term appied to a force composed of significant eements, assigned or attached, of two or more Miitary Departments, operating under a singe joint force commander. (Joint Pub 1-02) joint force commander. A genera term appied to a combatant commander, subunified commander, or joint task force commander authorized to exercise combatant command (command authority) or operationa contro over a joint force. Aso caed JFC. (Joint Pub 1-02) joint inteigence preparation of the battespace. The anaytica process used by joint inteigence organizations to produce inteigence assessments, estimates, and other inteigence products in support of the joint force commander s decision making process. It is a continuous process that incudes defining the tota battespace environment; describing battespace characteristics; evauating the adversary; and determining and describing adversary courses of action. The process is used to anayze the surface, sub-surface, endoatmospheric, exoatmospheric, eectromagnetic, cyberspace, and human dimensions of the environment and to determine an opponent s capabiities to operate in each. Joint inteigence preparation of the battespace products are used by other staff eements in preparing their estimates and are aso appied during the anaysis and seection of friendy courses of action. Aso caed JIPB. (This term and its definition are provided for information and are proposed for incusion in the next edition of Joint Pub 1-02 by Joint Pub 2-0.) Joint Operation Panning and Execution System. A continuousy evoving system that is being deveoped through the GL-4 integration and enhancement of earier panning and execution systems: Joint Operation Panning System and Joint Depoyment System. It provides the foundation for conventiona command and contro by nationa- and theater-eve commanders and their staffs. It is designed to satisfy their information needs in the conduct of joint panning and operations. Joint Operation Panning and Execution System (JOPES) incudes joint operation panning poicies, procedures, and reporting structures supported by communications and automated data processing systems. JOPES is used to monitor, pan, and execute mobiization, depoyment, empoyment, and sustainment activities associated with joint operations. Aso caed JOPES. (Joint Pub 1-02) Joint Wordwide Inteigence Communications System. The sensitive compartmented information portion of the Defense Information System Network. It incorporates advanced networking technoogies that permit point-to-point or mutipoint information exchange invoving voice, text, graphics, data, and video teeconferencing. Aso caed JWICS. (Joint Pub 1-02) metadata. Information about information; more specificay, information about the meaning of other data. (This term and its definition are approved for incusion in the next edition of Joint Pub 1-02.) mission specific data sets. Further densification of goba geospatia foundation data. Information created to support specific operations, operation pans, training or system deveopment. Information conforms to estabished DOD data specifications. Aso caed MSDS. (This term and its definition are approved for incusion in the next edition of Joint Pub 1-02.) Joint Pub 2-03

70 Gossary panning factors data base. Data bases created and maintained by the Miitary Services for the purpose of identifying a geospatia information and services requirements for emerging and existing forces and systems. The data base identifies: unit requirements, at the information content eve, for geospatia data and services; system requirements for standard DOD geospatia data and services; research, deveopment, test, and evauation requirements for deveopmenta systems, identified by Miestone; and initia operating capabiity and fu operating capabiity for emerging systems. Aso caed PFDB. (This term and its definition are approved for incusion in the next edition of Joint Pub 1-02.) war reserve stock(s). That portion of tota materie assets which is designated to satisfy the war reserve materie requirement. Aso caed WRS. (This term and its definition modifies the existing term and definition and are approved for incusion in the next edition of Joint Pub 1-02.) GL-5

71 Gossary Intentionay Bank GL-6 Joint Pub 2-03

72 JOINT DOCTRINE PUBLICATIONS HIERARCHY JOINT PUB 1 JOINT WARFARE JOINT PUB 0-2 UNAAF JOINT PUB 1-0 JOINT PUB 2-0 JOINT PUB 3-0 JOINT PUB 4-0 JOINT PUB 5-0 JOINT PUB 6-0 PERSONNEL INTELLIGENCE OPERATIONS LOGISTICS PLANS C4 SYSTEMS A joint doctrine and tactics, techniques, and procedures are organized into a comprehensive hierarchy as shown in the chart above. Joint Pub 2-03 is in the Inteigence series of joint doctrine pubications. The diagram beow iustrates an overview of the deveopment process: STEP #5 Assessments/Revision The CINCS receive the pub and begin to assess it during use 18 to 24 months foowing pubication, the Director J-7, wi soicit a written report from the combatant commands and Services on the utiity and quaity of each pub and the need for any urgent changes or earier-than-schedued revisions No ater than 5 years after deveopment, each pub is revised STEP #1 Project Proposa Submitted by Services, CINCS, or Joint Staff to fi extant operationa void J-7 vaidates requirement with Services and CINCs J-7 initiates Program Directive Project Proposa STEP #2 Program Directive J-7 formay staffs with Services and CINCS Incudes scope of project, references, miestones, and who wi deveop drafts J-7 reeases Program Directive to Lead Agent. Lead Agent can be Service, CINC, or Joint Staff (JS) Directorate ENHANCED JOINT WARFIGHTING CAPABILITY Assessments/ Revision JOINT DOCTRINE PUBLICATION Program Directive CJCS Approva Two Drafts STEP #4 CJCS Approva Lead Agent forwards proposed pub to Joint Staff Joint Staff takes responsibiity for pub, makes required changes and prepares pub for coordination with Services and CINCS Joint Staff conducts forma staffing for approva as a Joint Pubication STEP #3 Two Drafts Lead Agent seects Primary Review Authority (PRA) to deveop the pub PRA deveops two draft pubs PRA staffs each draft with CINCS, Services, and Joint Staff