Science-Based Security Dialogues to Inform U.S. Policy
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1 Science-Based Security Dialogues to Inform U.S. Policy Micah Lowenthal Committee on International Security and Arms Control NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
2 Outline The National Academies Science diplomacy Background on CISAC Nuclear, cyber, and bio discussions 2
3 U.S. National Academy of Sciences (1863) The academy shall, whenever called upon by any department of the government, investigate, examine and report upon any subject of science or art, but the Academy shall receive no compensation whatsoever for any services to the government of the United States. Now under this charter: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NAS, NAE, NAM)
4 The Academies Address Challenging Problems at the Intersection of Science and Policy Domestically focused advice and Internationally focused engagement. Convene world class experts. Provide advice on basic science, education, health, environmental sciences, transportation, defense and security (Army, Navy, Air Force, nuclear, chem, bio, space, cyber, intel). Work across the United States and around the world with partners in Brazil, China, Egypt, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, Liberia, Malaysia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Russia, South Africa, South Korea, Uganda, UK, and many others. Science and an evidence-based approach form a foundation for agreement and progress.
5 Science Diplomacy Cooperation on Science can sometimes establish relationships and a foundation for cooperation on other, more politically sensitive topics. Agreement between academies of sciences to promote exchanges on pure and applied sciences (Astronomy to Zoology) Agreement between the NAS and Soviet Academy to create security dialogue under the Committees on International Security and Arms Control (CISAC). There are many security dialogues. CISAC is unique in its technical grounding and its access to Government.
6 CISAC First meeting in Moscow, June 1981 Technically based discussions; policy implications Now Russia, China, India Topics: nuclear arms control, nonproliferation, and security; bioengagement (safety and security); cyber security; space security; counter terrorism; new technologies Scientists, retired military officers, policy experts Promote better mutual understanding, best practices, and cooperation where appropriate 6
7 Current Members Raymond Jeanloz (chair, NAS) UCB Marvin Adams Texas A&M Univ John Ahearne (NAE) Sigma Xi (ret) AMB Linton Brooks NNSA (ret) Kimberly Budil Univ of California Steven Fetter Univ of Maryland Richard Garwin (NAS/NAE/NAM) Matthew Bunn Harvard KSG David Franz USAMRIID (ret) Diane Griffin (NAS/NAM) JHSPH Margaret Hamburg (NAM) AAAS MGEN Robert Latiff (USAF ret.) Alastair Iain Johnston Harvard James Le Duc Galveston Nat Lab Richard Meserve (NAE) Carnegie ADM Richard Mies STRATCOM (ret) Peter Palese (NAS/NAM) Mount Sinai James Timbie State Dept (ret) John Hildebrand (NAS) ex officio Univ of Arizona 7
8 Former members include MGEN W. Burns Ashton Carter Paul Doty Alexander Flax Marvin Goldberger Rose Gottemoeller David Hamburg John Holdren Gerald Joyce LtGEN Frank Klotz Joshua Lederberg Michael May Matthew Meselson Albert Narath Wolfgang Panofsky C. Kumar Patel William Perry William Press Jack Ruina John Steinbruner Charles Townes Jerome Wiesner 8
9 Current and Future Activities Russia full-scope strategic stability dialogue ( ) U.S.-Russian study, ballistic missile defense (2017) China nuclear monitoring & verification (Dec 2015) China military cyber issues (Nov 2016, Nov 2017) China biosafety biosecurity (May 2017, Jan 2018) India nuclear, space, cyber (Oct 2016, spring 2018) India bio: Regional wkshp & topical enggmnt (2016, 2018) Reassess future of Cooperative Threat Reduction (2017) Developing international norms for bio labs and gene editing of pathogens ( ) International bio/health security engagement study
10 India-United States Cooperation on Global Security: Summary of a Workshop on Technical Aspects of Civilian Nuclear Materials Security (2013) Improving Metrics for the Department of Defense Cooperative Threat Reduction Program (2012) Selected Reports Biosecurity Challenges of the Global Expansion of High- Containment Biological Laboratories (2012) Monitoring Nuclear Weapons and Nuclear-Explosive Materials: An Assessment of Methods and Capabilities (2005) Nuclear Forensics: A Capability at Risk (Abbreviated Version) (2010) The Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty: Technical Issues for the United States (2012) 10
11 The China Dialogue 25 th Anniversary China Dialogue Meeting Washington, DC, April
12 China Cybersecurity Dialogue in collaboration with CSTB R. Jeanloz, D. Clark, R. Garwin, A.I. Johnston, H. Lin, W. Press Third Cyber Security Dialogue Meeting Beijing, November 2016 R. Jeanloz, L. Brooks, D. Clark, R. Garwin, C. Inglis, A.I. Johnston, R. Mies, W. Press First Cyber Security Dialogue Meeting Beijing, October
13 India Dialogue on Space Security, Cyber Security, and Nuclear Safety and Security Engaging the right people for cyber security, personnel reliability, space debris avoidance and situational awareness, and more. 13
14 The Russia Dialogue 30 th Anniversary Russia Dialogue Meeting Moscow, October
15 Russia Full Scope Strategic Stability More than just strategic nuclear Space security Cyber military weapons and policy Non-strategic nuclear weapons Conventional long-range precision weapons Ballistic missile defense Autonomous systems and artificial intelligence 15
16 We brief any and all parts of the U.S. Government about our activities, both before and after meetings. Happy to do so for staff and members on the Hill. Micah Lowenthal, Director Committee on International Security & Arms Control (CISAC) National Academy of Sciences 16
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