NATIONAL PEACE-TIME ARMAMENTS

Transcription

1 [Communicated to the Council, the Members of the League and the Delegates at the Assembly. A. 20. I923. IX Geneva, August 30th, I923. LEAGUE OF NATIONS STATISTICAL ENQUIRY INTO NATIONAL PEACE-TIME ARMAMENTS (POSITION ON JANUARY 1ST. 1923) PART I

2 PREFACE. The Third Assembly, after examining the results of the statistical enquiry carried out by the Temporary Mixed Commission in conformity with the decision arrived at by previous Assemblies, approved the suggestion of the Third Committee that "the statistical investigation should be continued on the bases of original figures relating to actual conditions as they exist and leaving for the future the question of the method for their elaboration". As regards the scope of the statistical enquiry, the Assembly recognised that it is the "full military strength of the States which should form the object of the enquiry", and that this "full military strength" consists of two factors: i. The actual military strength, which is expressed in peace-time armaments and the expenditure on national defence; 2. The potential military strength, in which the important element is the industrial and economic power of each State, the military importance of which was proved by the last war. Nevertheless, the Assembly considered it necessary to restrict the scope of the statistical enquiry for the present to the two principal factors which express military strength in peace-time, namely, armaments and expenditure on armaments, and adopted the following resolution: "The Assembly expresses its satisfaction at the remarkable work accomplished in collecting and drawing up statistical data in an entirely new and particularly difficult field. "Taking into account the work accomplished, and reserving the question of the scope which it might be necessary to give to a statistical enquiry at a later date, the Assembly desires to determine for the coming year the programme which appears to it both immediately useful and practicable. It therefore proposes that this programme should be limited to the two following points: "I. Peace-time armaments; "2. Expenditure on armaments. "The Assembly considers it desirable that the Council should request the Permanent Advisory Commission to collaborate with the Temporary Mixed Commission in that part of the work which deals with technical military, naval and air questions." As a result of this Assembly resolution, which the Council forwarded to the two Commissions for their opinion, the Temporary Mixed Commission organised the statistical enquiry on this fresh basis, at the same time looking to the Permanent Advisory Commission for co-operation in regard to the military side of the enquiry. This co-operation took the form of statistical tables which, the Permanent Commission suggested, should be forwarded to Governments with a view to their furnishing such details as would enable the Temporary Commission to lay before the Fourth Assembly a summary showing the peace-time armaments to a date as close as possible to that on which the actual statement was drawn up. The tables drawn up by the Permanent Advisory Commission and approved by the Temporary Mixed Commission were, with the Council's approval, forwarded to the Governments of all States

3 -3- Members of the League on March ist 1. Replies were received during the spring and summer 2, and the Secretariat was authorised by the Temporary Commission to condense these replies into a single report which would be presented to the Fourth Assembly. This report comprises, in addition to the replies from Governments, a short expose of the systems of recruitment existing in each country. This latter has been drawn up by the Secretariat from official and public documents according to the Commission's instructions. For expenditure on armaments, see separate publication "Statistical Enquiry into National Peace-Time Armaments, Part Two." 1 Note: The specimen naval table adopted by the Commission and sent to the Governments was accompanied by the following notes: (I) In certain navies, vessels are classed as battleships or as light cruisers which in other navies are classed as coast defence ships and as flotilla leaders respectively. (2) Surface tonnage. (3) Under this heading, only sloops, gunboats, despatch vessels and river gunboats should be shown. (4) Includes all active service naval personnel (budgetary figures). Depreciated tonnage is calculated as follows: I. For battleships, battle-cruisers, coast defence ships, monitors, aircraft carriers and miscellaneous craft, a reduction in original tonnage of I /20 for each year of service. II. For cruisers and light cruisers a reduction, of I /I7 for each year of service. III. For torpedo craft and submarines a reduction, of I /I2 for each year of service. The numbers 1, 2, 3 and 4 correspond to the following columns of the table: 1. Battle-ships and battle-cruisers; cruisers and light cruisers; destroyers and torpedo-boats. 2. Submarines. 3. Miscellaneous craft. 4. Total of Naval personnel. 2 Up to August ioth, the following Governments have replied to this circular: Albania France Luxemburg Austria Great Britain Netherlands Belgium Greece New Zealand Bulgaria Hungary Norway Canada Italy (excluding aviation) Poland (excepting military forces) China Japan South Africa Czechoslovakia Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Sweden Denmark Slovenes Switzerland Esthonia Latvia

4 -4-1. ALBANIA. I. Effectives (budgetary): A. LAND FORCES OF ALBANIA. Officers Other ranks ,202 Gendarmerie or special troops for maintenance of public order: Officers I Gendarmes Total I0,69 I 2. Distribution of Armed Forces (total of the above effectives: officers, other ranks and gendar merie): (a) Home country O,69I (b) In territories occupied as the result of international obligations, including mandated territories... (c) In colonies or protectorates Material in Service in the Units. Total o,69i Rifles or carbines I0, 49 Pistols or revolvers Automatic rifles Machine-guns.... Guns or howitzers of a calibre less than I20 millimetres.. Guns or howitzers or mortars of a calibre of I20 mm. or above.. Tanks Two 4-gun batteries of 75 millimetres: all the guns on order. B. TABLE SHOWING THE NAVAL STRENGTH OF ALBANIA. Albania has no navy. Complete Aircraft: C. AIR FORCE OF ALBANIA. Heavier than A ir. (Army and Navy.) Bombing - Total number, including spare ma- Fighting i chines in units, but excluding Reconnaissance training machines Spare engines in units (total number) Personnel (flying and non-flying) (Total budgetary figures)

5 - -- Lighter than Air. (Army and Navy.) Dirigibles (number and total cubic capacity) Captive Balloons (complete) ,,,, (in reserve in units) RECRUITING SYSTEM 1. Every Albanian citizen without exception is liable for military service. The liability to military service commences at the age of I8. Military service is divided into: (a) service in the active army, and (b) service in the Reserve. Service in the active army lasts till the age of AUSTRIA. LAND FORCES OF THE AUSTRIAN REPUBLIC. (January Ist, I923.) Total expenditure on the Federal Army for 1923: 66I milliard paper crowns. Effectives of the Federal Army on January Ist, I923: 30,000 all ranks. i. Effectives (budgetary): Officers ,500 Other ranks... 28,500 Gendarmerie: Officers... II2 Gendarmes... 8,523 Federal Police: Officers Policemen Air Force Material in Service in the Units: Rifles or carbines... 34,500 Pistols or revolvers Machine-guns: heavy i98 light Guns or howitzers: of a calibre less than 120 mm )) )) )) of 120 mm. or above Tanks Austria possesses, moreover, in conformity with the Treaty of St.-Germain and the decision of the Naval Inter-Allied Commission of Control, four monitors on the Danube; these, however, by decision of the Military Commission at Versailles, the Military Administration is not permitted to control. Communication from the Government, May 23rd, 1922.

6 RECRUITING SYSTEM 1 Compulsory military service has been abolished in Austria under Article II 9 of the Treaty of St. Germain. The Austrian army is recruited on a basis of voluntary enlistment. The total period for which N.C.O.s and men enlist may not be less than 12 consecutive years, including at least 6 years service with the colours. The commissioned ranks must consist entirely of professional officers. The officers who were serving in I9I9 and who were retained in the army had to engage to serve at least to the age of 40. The officers who have been appointed more recently have to engage for not less than 20 consecutive years of actual service. The new Austrian Army Law of March I8th, I920, introduced the system of enlistment and length of service in accordance with the principles of the Treaty of St. Germain. The Austrian law provides for 6 consecutive years of actual service with the colours and 6 years service in the reserve. 3. BELGIUM. I. Effectives. A. LAND FORCES. Officers (as on December 26th, I922)... 5,76I Other ranks (as on December 3Ist, 1922) ,0002 Gendarmerie(as on December 3Ist, I922) (or special troops for the maintenance of public order)... 6,088 Total , Distribution of Armed Forces (total of the above effectives: officers, other ranks and gendarmerie). (a) Home country (b) In territories occupied as the result of international obligations.. II3,26 (c) In colonies or protectorates... 19, Material in Service in the Units. With the active units. 132,849 In the divisional parks (or depots) and in the auxiliary parks (or depots). Rifles or carbines , ,1I5 Pistols or revolvers.... I3,61 9,859 Automatic rifles... 2, Machine-guns Guns or howitzers (of a lower calibre than 120 millim.). 396 i68 Mortars (of similar calibre) Guns or howitzers (of a calibre of 120 millimetres or above) Tanks Treaty of St. Germain. Military Law of March i8th, The Belgian Government points out that Belgium is living under abnormal conditions in consequence of the delay in incorporating the classes of militia. This period will come to an end during I923. The average strength of the forces under arms will then be 70,ooo men. The budgetary effectives amount to II3,200 men.

7 - 7- B. NAVAL FORCES. Large torpedo boats... 4 Small torpedo boats... 4 Despatch boats Io to carry an average strength of 750 men. C. AIR FORCES. Captive balloon squadrons... 4 Aeroplane squadrons to carry an average strength of I,600 men. Heavier than Air' (Army). Complete Aircraft Bombing including spare ma- Fighting chines but exclud- Reconnaissance ing training machines Spare engines in units (total number) Personnel (navigating and non-navigating) Total number (budgetary effectives)... I'99 Lighter than Air 2 (Army). Captive balloons (complete) Captive balloons (in reserve with units)... 4 RECRUITING SYSTEM 3 The Army is recruited by the calling-up of annual contingents and by voluntary enlistment. Men called up must perform their military service in person. "The service is universal, tempered by certain exceptions in favour of militiamen whose father or two of whose brothers have been killed by the enemy, and of those who have been imprisoned for attempting to rejoin the Army, or for having furnished information detrimental to the enemy." 4 The period of service is 8 years with the colours and 5 years in the Reserve. Under the 19I3 Law, there are four classes of volunteers: (a) Professional soldiers, whose period of service with the colours is extended but who are granted certain privileges (choice of corps, special pay, right to a pension, etc.) (b) Militia volunteers, who may serve from the age of I8 years or over; (c) Re-enlisted men, who contract voluntarily for a period of one, two or three years, on completion of their term of service with the colours; (d) Police trained as soldiers, who enter into contracts for one year. Service with the colours: Professional soldiers must perform the ordinary military service for a period of from three to five years if over I8 when they enlist, and from five to seven years if under I8. The period of service for men in the militia and militia volunteers is 15 months for infantry, garrison artillery and engineers, 24 months for cavalry and horse artillery, 2I months in the mounted artillery and the artillery train, and I21/2 months in the supply services. There is no aircraft attached to the Navy. 2 There are no balloons attached to the Navy. 3 Militia Law of August 3Ist, I Communication from the Government, April I3th, I923.

8 - 8 Recall to the colours: The obligation to return to the colours applies to all arms, except the supply services. This service may be divided into one or two periods during the second, third or fourth year. The total period is fixed at 4 weeks in the case of infantry, garrison artillery, mounted artillery and artillery train ; at 6 weeks in the case of cavalry and horse artillery, and 8 weeks for the engineers'. Total and partial exemptions: The law provides for a certain number of total and partial exemptions over and above those granted for physical incapacity (exemptions based on family considerations, studies, etc.). Leave sine die: Soldiers who have discharged their obligations for ordinary service with the colours are released on indefinite leave. 4. BRITISH EMPIRE. A. LAND FORCES OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE TABLE I. Establishment Strength of the Permanent Land Forces as at January Ist, I923 Other Ranks Officers - Total British Native British Army (including personnel with Native Forces other than Indian Army)... I3, ,450 2, ,I00 Indian Army (including British personnel)... 3,600 4,650 I65,650 I73,900 Canadian Forces ,500-7,000 Australian Forces ,300-1,600 Nez Zealand Forces.... oo South American Forces I 506oo 1,750 Local Forces (not administered by War Office). West Africa... I5o 150 4,850 5,I50 East Africa... I550 5,250 5,450 Total 423,450 Note: In all cases only the Permanent Forces are included in the totals. 1 A new law, the official text of which has not been forwarded to the Secretariat, has just been passed. It is understod that under this law the period of obligatory service is fixed at 25 years and the period of service with the colours at 12 and 13 months, with a further two months so long as the occupation of the right bank of the Rhine is continued. Men who are recalled will serve for periods of 6 weeks.

9 TABLE 2. Distribution of the Establishment of the Permanent Land Forces as at January Ist, I923. Territory occupied Colonies, under international Great India Dominions obligations (i.e. Total Britain or Protec- Rhine, Iraq, Palestorates tine, Constantinople, Egypt, etc.) British Army (including personnel with Native Forces other than Indian Army). II4,700 7I,00 1I2,550 29, ,100 Indian Army (including British personnel)... 1I53,700 4,750 I5,450 I73,900 Canadian Forces. 7,000 7,000 Australian Forces... I 1,600-1,600 New Zealand Forces South African Forces ,750 o 1,750 Local Forces... 8,600 2,000 0,600 Total 423,450 Note: - In all cases only the Permanent Forces are included in the Totals. TABLE 3. Material in Service in the Units. Machine Guns or Howitzers (c) Force Rifles or Pistols or Guns -Tanks (See Tables I and 2) Carbines Revolvers and Lewis 4.5 " or Over Guns under 4.5 British Army.... II6,000 I9,500 6,395 (a) 510 (b) 60o (b) I45 Indian Army.... 9I,ooo I5,400 2,960 9 (b) Nil (b) Nil. Australian Forces.. I,ooo Nil. Canadian Forces... 5, Nil. New Zealand Forces. 380 I Nil. South African Forces. I,ooo I5 Nil. West African Field Forces 8, I50 40 Nil. Nil. East Africa (King's African Rifles).... I2, Nil. Nil. Nil. Totals.. 236,500 36,835 9, I45 (a) Includes 1,240 installed as fortress armaments, at home and abroad. (b) Not including the fixed armament of Coast Defences. (c) In the case of the Dominion Forces (Australia, Canada, New Zealand and South Africa) all fixed armament, but no movable armament, is included in the totals for guns and howitzers. To man the movable armament, the non-permanent forces would have to be embodied.

10 IO - B. PERSONNEL AND MATERIAL OF THE ROYAL BRITISH AIR FORCE AS AT JUNE IST, I923. A. PERSONNEL. Total number ,2I5 B. MATERIAL. I. Heavier than Air. The following is the authorised establishment of aircraft complete with engines (including spare machines on the strength of service units): (a) Bombing... 24I (b) Fighting II 7 (c) Reconnaissance... 2I 9 (d) Miscellaneous In addition 85 spare engines are held in units. Total Lighter than Air. The Royal Air Force at present maintains no lighter-than-aircraft in commission except i kite-balloon for training purposes, all existing airships having been handed over for purposes of civil aviation. RECRUITING SYSTEM 1. Great Britain. The British Army is divided into four sections: I. Regular Army; II. Militia; III. Territorial Army; IV. Cadets. A person between I8 and 25 years may enlist as a soldier in the regular forces for a period of twelve years. The extension of service with the colours are: 7 years for cavalry and infantry, 6 or 8 for artillery and 7 for other arms. The remainder of the time is spent in the army reserve. A warrant officer has the right at any time to extend his service to 12 years with the colours. Any soldier may extend his service under certain conditions. A warrant officer, staff sergeant, sergeant (at any time after he has completed nine years service) and other soldiers (at any time after they have completed ii years service) are permitted to re-engage to complete a period of 21 years' service. The Militia. - The portion of the Army Reserve which has hitherto been known as "the special reserve" is called "the militia." A man, whether he has served in His Majesty's regular forces or not, may enlist in the Militia as a special reservist, for a period of six years. He may, in addition to being called out for annual training, be called out for a special course of training not exceeding altogether six months. Territorial Army. - The enlistment in the Territorial Force is for such a period as may be prescribed not exceeding four years. Every man enlisted may re-engage within twelve months before the end of his current term of service for such a period as may be prescribed not exceeding four years from the end of that term. Every man of the Territorial Force must, by way of preliminary training during the first year of his original enlistment, undergo training for such periods and such times as may be prescribed. Every man of the Territorial Force must, by way of annual training, be trained not less than eight, nor more than fifteen, or in the case of the mounted branch, eighteen days every year. The period of annual training may be extended to thirty days in any year. Cadet units are administered by the Territorial Army County Association. Cadets are eligible from I2 to I8 years. The Cadet units are considered as a body formed for the purpose of receiving instruction in drill and physical training as a unit recognised by the Army Council. 1 The Territorial and Reserve Forces Act, I907. Territorial Army and Militia Act, I921. The King's Regulations. and Orders for the Army; London 1918.

11 C. TABLE SHOWING THE NAVAL STRENGTH OF GREAT BRITAIN on April ist, Note. -This Table does not include: I. Vessels and Personnel of the Dominion Navies; 2. Vessels under construction or vessels retained for non-combatant service. BATTLESHIPS AND BATTLE CRUISERS COAST DEFENCE SHIPS AND MONITORS AIRCRAFT CARRIERS CRUISERS AND LIGHT CRUISERS FLOTILLA LEADERS AND DESTROYERS Depreciated Depreciated Depreciated Depreciated Depreciated No Tonnage a) To te No Tonnage a) Tonnag b) NO Tonnagea) To e Tonnage ) Ton ) No Tonnage a) Tonnage b) Tonnage b) Tonnage b) 22 Engl. 580, , ,670 4, ,700 31, , ,649 i88 224, ,463 tons Metr. tons 589, ,745 23,033 15, ,399 31, ,513 15I, , ,567 SUBMARINES MISCELLANEOUS VESSELS C) TOTAL TONNAGE OF THE FLEET TOTAL NUMBERS OF THE NAVAL PERSONNEL (d) No ToSufage a Surface N Tonnage a) etoage N Tonnagea) etonnage b Sea Service e) Shore Service NO Tonnage a) T~Sn~Deced Tonnage b) Tonnage b) Tonnage b) 58 Engl. tons 48,o70 30, ,945 24, I,Ig0, ,52I 99,500 1,423 (f) 'lt 1IJ,^^~~~ t-1 lto 1^~ be reduced as soon as practicable to be reduced to 350 Metr. to approximately 98,500 tons 48,839 30,687 41,600 24,634 1,2IO,OI5 752,369 NOTES. a) Navy List displacement is given in English tons, in metric tons - i English ton = I.oi6 metric tons. b) Depreciated tonnage has been calculated to the nearest month date of completion as follows:- I) For battleships, battle cruisers, coast defence ships, monitors, aircraft carriers and miscellaneous vessels, a reduction in original tonnage at the rate of I/20 per annum from date of completion. 2) For cruisers and light cruisers, a reduction of I/17 per annum from date of completion. 3) For torpedo craft and submarines, a reduction of I/.2 per annum from date of completion. c) Under the heading Miscellaneous Vessels, only sloops, gunboats and river gunboats are shown. There are no despatch vessels. d) Under the heading Number of Naval Personnel, Active Service Personnel (Budget figures, ) is given. e) Personnel serving in H.M. Fleet and Naval Establishments (includes Royal Marines; also Naval Cadets and Boys under training). f) Coast Guard (1,142) and Royal Marine Police (281). The numbers of the Coast Guard are in course of reduction to a total of 69 required for duties for which the Admiralty remains responsible. The Coastwatching duties hitherto performed by the Coast Guard are being transferred to the Board of Trade.

12 - 12 A ustralia. RECRUITING SYSTEM 2 A system of universal training for House Defence was brought into operation on January ist I9II. The prescribed annual training is as follows: Junior Cadets. - Service: 2 years (from I2 to I4); training: go hours each year. Senior Cadets. - per annum. Service: 4 years (from 14 to I8); training: minimum service, 6 4 hours Citizen Forces - 25 whole days. Service 7 or 8 years (from i8 to 26) ; training: drills equivalent to i6 or India 3 RECRUITING SYSTEM The military force of India consists of the British Regular Force, the Auxiliary Force, the Indian Territorial Force and the Indian State Troops. The Auxiliary Force. The Auxiliary Force is organised under the Auxiliary Force Act, I920. Under this Act every European British subject is eligible for enrolment. Every enrolled person liable to perform military service who on becoming so liable has not attained the age of thirty-one years has to undergo the preliminary training. Every commissioned officer and every person until the age of 31 years who is required to undergo preliminary training is included in the Active Class. Every such person who has completed the period of service in the Active Class, or is enrolled after attaining the age of thirty-one years and before attaining the age of forty years, is included in the First (A) Class of the Reserve. Every such person who has completed the period of service in the First (A) Class of the Reserve, or is enrolled after attaining the age of forty years, is included in the Second (B) Class of the Reserve. Any enrolled person who has attained the age of forty-five years is entitled to receive his discharge from the Auxiliary Force. Training. Preliminary: from 32 to 40 days and the annual musketry course. Periodical: Active Class, from i6 to 20 days in each training year and the annual musketry course; First (A) Class Reserve, from 6 to io days in each training year and the annual musketry course; Second (B) Class Reserve, the annual musketry course. The Indian Territorial Force. The Act No. XLVIII of I920 constitutes the TerritorialForce, which is a second line of the Indian Army. Any British subject (not being a European British subject) or any subject of a State of India between the age of I8 and 31 may offer himself for enrolment in the Territorial Force for such a period, not exceeding six years, as may be prescribed. Training. Every person enrolled is liable to be called up for 56 days training during the first year of service, and 28 days each subsequent year of service. The Indian State Troops belong to the States and are recruited from their subjects. 1 The official Year-Book, For statistical figures, see the tables of the British Empire. 3 The Auxiliary Force Act, 1920; Act No. XLVIII of 1920; The Indian Year-Book 1920, For statistical figures, see the tables of the British Empire.

13 BULGARIA. As regards the system of recruiting for the army, the voluntary system is in force in Bulgaria. This system was imposed upon Bulgaria by the Treaty of Neuilly, which fixed the total number of her forces as follows: Army... 20,000 Gendarmerie Io,ooo Frontier Guards Total ,00o (including Officers and N.C.O. s). As the Kingdom of Bulgaria has no fleet nor air force, the tables for these have not been filled in. (Signed) D MIKOFF. I. Effective (budgetary): LAND FORCES OF BULGARIA. Officers ,o83 Other Ranks I2,90o Gendarmerie (or special troops foi the maintenance of public order) 5,9I5 Total... I9, Distribution of armed forces (total of above effectives, officers, other ranks, gendarmerie): (a) Home forces I9,899 (b) In territories occupied as the result of international obligations, including mandated territories (c) In colonies or protectorates... Total... I9, Material in Service in the Units (troops): Rifles or carabines... 37,950 Pistols or revolvers Automatic rifles Machine-guns Guns or howitzers of a calibre less than 120 millimetres.... 9o Guns or howitzers or mortars of a calibre of 120 mm. or above.. 29 Tanks RECRUITING SYSTEM. The Bulgarian army is (under Article 65 of the Treaty of Neuilly) recruited by voluntary enlistment. The total period for which N.C.O.s and men enlist must not be less than 12 consecutive years with the colours (Article 72). All commissioned ranks, including officers of gendarmerie, Customs and forests, and other services, must be professional officers. The officers now serving who are being retained in the army, in the gendarmerie or in the above-mentioned services, have to engage to serve at least till the age of 40. Officers recently appointed have to engage to serve in the army, gendarmerie or services referred to above for at least 20 consecutive years (Article 7I). Treaty of Neuilly. Military Law of February 26th, I92I.

14 - 4 - Effectives (budgetary) CANADA. A. LAND FORCES OF THE DOMINION OF CANADA as on January ist, I923. Permanent Force Non-Permanent Royal Canadian Mounted Active Militia Police Peace Number Establishment Trained Officers Other Ranks Officers ,362 34,085 Other ranks.... 3,215 II9,IO 5 All ranks Gendarmerie or special troops for the maintenance of public order ,115 Total: All ranks.. 3, ,467 34,085 I,I77 2. Distribution of Armed Forces. A. Home country. - Total Force. B. In territories occupied as the result of international obligations, including mandated territories. - Nil. C. In Colonies or Protectorates. - Nil. 3. Material in Service in the Units. Rifles or carbines II4,964 Pistols or revolvers ,89 Automatic rifles Nil. Machine guns... 2,566 Guns or howitzers of a calibre less than I20 millimetres.. 34 I Guns or howitzers or mortars of a calibre of I20 millimetres or above I35 1 Tanks... Nil. B. NAVAL STRENGTH OF THE DOMINION OF CANADA as on January Ist, I923. Class of Ship Number Total Tonnage Depreciated Tonnage Remarks Light cruiser... I 3,500, Out of commission Destroyers ,008 1, In commission Submarines II Out of commission Minesweeping trawlers , Out of commission Total tonnage of Fleet , , Includes Coast Defence.

15 - I5 - TOTAL NAVAL PERSONNEL. Total Naval Personnel Sea Service Shore Service Lent to Royal Navy 382 II3 I98 7 C. AIR STRENGTH OF THE DOMINION OF CANADA as on January ist, I923. ROYAL CANADIAN AIR FORCE. Personnel Machines Spare Engines Officers Other Heavier-than-Air Service- In Lighter- Make Number Ranks Type Duty able Storage than-air D. H. 9 A. Bombing 2 7 Nil Liberty 14 H. I6. Bombing and 2 o Rolls Royce I6 reconnais- Eagle VIII F. 3. sance, o I Wolseley Viper 5 D. H. 4. Reconnais- 7 2 Falcon III 2 sance Bristol Fighter ) I B. R. 2. I Vickers ) Viking (8 on order) I5 o H. S. 2 L. Reconnaissance S. E. 5. Fighting 2 9 Martynside Fighting o I Sopwith Snipe Fighting O I Nil 38 RECRUITING SYSTEM 1 All the male inhabitants of Canada, from the age of eighteen to sixty, are liable for service in the Militia. The service is (( entirely voluntary. Period of enlistment three years, in both the permanent and the non-permanent Militia, although the Militia Act, Sections 26 and 27, provides for enrolment by ballot if the Governor in Council may so decide. In time of war, the enlistment is voluntary, unless otherwise ordered, but the Militia Act provides, under Sections 26 and 27, for enrolment by ballot, or, under Section Io, for a leve'e en masse )). 1 Act respecting the Militia and Defence of Canada, 19I2. 2 Communication from the Government, April 26th, 1923.

16 -- I( The male population liable for service in the Militia is divided into four classes: the first class comprises all those between eighteen and thirty who are unmarried or widowers without children; the second comprises all those between thirty and forty-five who are unmarried or widowers without children; the third class comprises all those between eighteen and forty-five who are married or widowers without children; the fourth class comprises all those between forty-five and sixty years. These several classes are called upon to serve in the order in which they are referred to in this section. The Militia of Canada is divided into Active and Reserve Militia. The Active Militia consists of corps raised by voluntary enlistment and of corps raised by ballot. There is also a Permanent Force which consists of those permanently embodied corps, not exceeding ten thousand men, enrolled for continuous service, which are, from time to time, authorised by the Governor in Council. The Permanent Force furnishes schools of instruction for the Militia, and provides instructors. Drill and Training. The Governor in Council may order the Active Militia, or any portion thereof, to drill or train for a period of not more than thirty days in each year. 7. CHINA. THE MOST RECENT ESTIMATE OF CHINESE LAND FORCES. i. Total of armed forces consists of one hundred and ten divisions. Officers Io,o00 Soldiers ,500,000 Officers in service of provincial Offices ,000 Gendarmerie : Officers Gendarmes... 4,000 Total... 1,607,400 Note. - The enlistment of soldiers is generally limited to the population of the interior provinces of China. The above estimated figures would vary from time to time owing to the present transitional state of China. 2. Material in military service. Rifles ,000 Carbines ,000 Field guns... 2,500 Mountain guns Automatic rifles.... 3,000 Pistols , Estimated expenditure on military armaments. The most recently estimated figure is 207,000,000 Chinese dollars. RECRUITING SYSTEM. Service in the National Army is mainly voluntary, for the present, though a form of conscription is enforced in certain provinces. Soldiers serve three years with the colours, and then pass 1 The China Year-Book, I9I9.

17 -7 - into the First Reserve for three years. During this period they are supposed to put in a month's drill per annum. At the expiration of their service in the First Reserve the men are to be drafted into the Second Reserve. Their obligation is then decreased to a month's drilling in alternate years. At the expiration of their time in the Second Reserve the men receive their final discharge and are no longer liable to military service. Recruits for the rank must be between 20 and 25 years of age, must be at least 5ft. 6 in. in height (except in the southern provinces) and must be able to lift a weight of about I331b. There is no uniformity of systems for the training of non-commissioned officers as yet. 8. CZECHOSLOVAKIA. A. - LAND FORCES OF THE CZECHOSLOVAK REPUBLIC, January Ist, I923. i. Effectives (budgetary). Officers I,629 Other ranks ,631 Gendarmerie (or special troops for the maintenance of public order) 13,423 Total... I63,683 2 Distribution of armed forces (total of the above effectives: officers, other ranks and gendarmerie). (a) Home country ,683 (b) In territories occupied as the result of international obligations including mandated territories... o (c) In colonies or protectorates... o 3. Material in service in the units. Total ,683 Rifles or carbines I20,000 Pistols or revolvers ,000 Automatic rifles.... 1,814 Machine guns I,76 Guns or howitzers of a calibre less than I20 millimetres Guns or howitzers or mortars of a calibre of I20 millimetres or above... I52 Tanks o Complete Aircraft: B. AIR FORCE (INCLUDING COLONIES). Heavier-than-Air. (Army and Navy.) Bombing... o Total number - including spare Fighting machines in units but excluding train- Reconnaissance ing machines. Spare engines in units... o Personnel (flying and non-flying). Total budgetary figures... 3,426 2

18 - 18 Lighter-than-Air. (Army and Navy.) Dirigibles (number and total cubic capacity) Captive balloons (complete)... 3 Captive balloons (in reserve in units)... I RECRUITING SYSTEM. The period of compulsory military service includes fourteenr months' actual service with the colours, after which men are transferred to the First Reserve until December 3Ist of the year in which they attain the age of 40. They are then transferred to the Second Reserve until December 3Ist of the year in which they reach the age of 50. In case of mobilisation, liability to military service extends from the age of 17 to that of 60. The men of the Igoo and I9OI contingents, who were passed fit for service in I92I, and all men passed fit for service in 1922 must, without exception, serve for a further io months in the active army after they have completed their 14 months of actual service with the colours. The supplementary period of service for men passed fit for service between 1923 and 1925 lasts four months. Men belonging to the First Reserve are called up for periods of four weeks training in the third year after their transfer to the Reserve, for a further four weeks in the fifth year, for three weeks in the seventh year and, finally, for three weeks in the ninth year after their transfer. These training periods amount in all to 14 weeks. Men who re-enlist for one year are excused from two of these trainings, and men who re-enlist for two years are excused from them all. Men who are recruited voluntarily have to perform fourteen months service. They are further liable, during the transitional period, to have their active service prolonged, in conformity with the general provisions of the Military Law. In case of mobilisation and in time of war, voluntary engagements for the duration of hostilities are also allowed. Officers of the Reserve are bound to come up for periods of training, of the length laid down by the Military Law, during the second, fourth, sixth, eighth and tenth years of their service in the Reserve. 9. DENMARK. i. Effectives (budgetary). A LAND FORCES OF DENMARK. Officers on the active list Officers of the Reserve (performing military service 30 days annually). 460 Men belonging to the Corps of special officers ("Officiants") Sergeants of the Reserve doing military duty Non-commissioned officers of the Reserve (performing military duty only 30 days annually) Other ranks - exclusive of soldiers performing manual labour - called up for service every year , Distribution of armed forces. All in the home country. 1 Recruiting Law of March g9th, 1921.

19 3. Material in service in the units Rifles or carbines... 86,780 Revolvers... 3,965 Automatic rifles Machine guns. 28 Guns of a calibre less than 20o mm Guns of a calibre of 20o mm. or above B. AIR FORCE OF THE DANISH ARMY. The air force of the Army is at present being organised and all the flying machines in use in the Army are school machines. Complete aircraft: AIR FORCE OF THE DANISH NAVY. Heavier-than-A ir. Bombing... o Fighting..... o Reconnaissance Spare engines in units (total number) Personnel (flying and non-flying) Total budgetary figures Lighter-than-Air. Dirigibles.... Captive balloons.... o o EXPENDITURE ON ARMAMENTS. The estimates for expenditure on the Army for the financial year I are as follows. Ordinary expenditure ,796,564 Extraordinary expenditure ,000,000 Total... 30,796,564 RECRUITING SYSTEM. Every Danish subject is liable for military service. All men who are called up must belong to the army or navy for i6 years between the ages of 20 to 36. Training of conscripts. The first training in the infantry lasts I50 days. All conscripts are subsequently called up for two periods of 28 days each. The men of the Landsturm are called up for 60 days training; they are not subsequently called up for further training. The first training in the cavalry lasts 14 months. These troops are subsequently called up twice for periods of 28 days each. For the field artillery, the men are called up in one levy. These are trained for 7 months and are subsequently called up twice, once for 28 days and once for 14 days. 1 Army Organisation Law of August 7th, I922.

20 C. TABLE SHOWING THE NAVAL STRENGTH OF DENMARK ON JANUARY ISt, Navy (Tonnage in thousands of tons) Battleships and battle cruisers 1 Coast defence ships and Monitors 1 Aircraft carriers Cruisers and Light cruisers 1 Total Depreciated Total Depreciated Total Depreciated Total Depreciated Number Number Number Number Tonnage Tonnage* Tonnage Tonnage* Tonnage Tonnage* Tonnage Tonnage * I Destroyers and torpedo boats 1 Submarines 2 Miscellaneous Craft 3 Total tonnage of the Fleet Total ofinaval Personnel 4 Total Depreciated Total Depreciated Total Depreciated Original Depreciated Sea Shore Number Number Number Tonnage Tonnage * Tonnage Tonnage * Tonnage Tonnage * Tonnage Tonnage * Service Service I I.3 I I , See explanatory notes 6, page 3. 4

21 ESTHONIA. A. LAND FORCES OF ESTHONIA. I. Effectives (budgetary): Officers... >600o Other ranks.....8,500. Gendarmerie (or special troops for the maintenance of public order) Total... 20,I00 2. Distribution of armed forces (total of the above effectives: officers, other ranks and gendarmerie): (a) Home country o,00oo (b) In tenitories occupied as the result of international obligations, including mandated territories... (c) In colonies or protectorates... Total ,00 3. Material in service in the units: Rifles... I4,350 Pistols ,070 Automatic rifles Machine guns Guns or howitzers of a calibre less than I20 millimetres Guns or howitzers or mortars of a calibre of I20 mm. or above Tanks I6 B. AIR FORCES OF ESTHONIA. Heavier than Air. (Army and Navy.) Complete aircraft: Bombing... I8 Fighting... I3 Reconnaissance Spare Engines in units... I5 Navigating personnel Non-flying personnel Total (budgetary figures) Lighter than air. (Army and Navy.) Dirigibles Captive Balloons... RECRUITING SYSTEM. The organisation of the military forces is based on the principle of the maintenance of permanent lists who give military instruction to all the young and healthy citizens. The length of active military service is one and a half year. 1 Communication from the Government, dated July 8th. I922.

22 C. TABLE SHOWING THE NAVAL STRENGTH OF ESTHONIA ON JANUARY ISt, I923. Navy (tonnage in thousands of tons) Battleships and battle cruisers t Coast defence ships and monitors Aircraft carriers Cruisers and light cruisers ' Total Depreciated Total Depreciated Total Depreciated Total Depreciated Number Number Number Number tonnage tonnage* tonnage tonnage* tonnage tonnage* tonnage tonnage* Destroyers and torpedo-boats 1 Submarines 2 Miscellaneous craft 3 Total tonnage of the fleet Total of Naval personnel 4 Total Depreciated Total Depreciated Total Depreciated Original Depreciated Number Number Number Sea service Shore service tonnage tonnage* tonnage tonnage* tonnage tonnage* tonnage tonnage 3 4.I See explanatory notes, page 32. *

23 FRANCE. A. LAND FORCES OF FRANCE IN I923. i. Budgetary Effectives (I923). War Office Colonial Total Estimates Estimates Officers ,9851 1,700 33,685 Other ranks (including Moroccan and Syrian irregular troops) ,19 ' 53, ,419 Gendarmerie and Republican Guard ,000-28,000 Total , Distribution of Armed Forces. Total of the above effectives (officers, other ranks, gendarmerie and Republican Guard). (a) Home forces ,200 (b) In territories occupied as the result of international obligations, including mandated territories... I31,604 (c) In colonies or protectorates ,300 Total , Material in Service in the Units (troops). (Home forces, occupied territories, colonies or protectorates.) Rifles or carbines :000 Pistols or revolvers I45,ooo Automatic rifles I5,800 Machine guns ,900 Guns or howitzers of a calibre less than 120 millimetres ,352 Guns or howitzers or mortars of a calibre of I20 mm. or above Tanks... 1,377 1 Including 800 officers of the Gendarmerie and Republican Guard. 2 Including about I85,000 natives and Io,ooo foreigners.

24 B. NAVAL FORCES OF FRANCE. (a) Table showing the tonnage of the French Navy on January Ist, Number Total Depreciated tonnage tonnage i. Battleships and battle cruisers ,720 o0, Coast defence ships and monitors..... None 3. Aircraft carriers None 4. Cruisers and light cruisers... I8 163,958 22, Destroyers and torpedo-boats ,370 I6, Submarines ,225 13, Miscellaneous craft I,600 40,0oo 8. Totals , ,275 (b) Budgetary Effectives of the Naval Personnel in Sea service... 54,920 Shore service... 3,617 Total... 58,537 BATTLESHIPS. Date of entry Depreciated Units Displacement into service tonnage Lorraine... 23,230 I916 15,100 Provence , I4,000 Bretagne ,230 I915 I4,000 Paris... 23,I ,200 Jean Bart... 23,120 I913 11,500 Courbet ,120 I913 11,500 Voltaire... 18,890 I9II 7,500 Diderot ,890 I9 I I 7,500 Condorcet... 18,890 I9II 7, ,720 Io0,800

25 25 - CRUISERS AND LIGHT CRUISERS. Date of entry Depreciated Units Displacement into service tonnage Waldeck Rousseau I.4,Io I9II 4,200 Edgard Quinet ,00 ig ,I0o Ernest Renan... 3,640 I909 2,400 Jules Michelet... 3,370 19o8 I,500 Victor Hugo... 12,518 I Jules Ferry... 12, Strasbourg... 4, ,300 Metz.... 5, ,300 Mulhouse... 4, I,600 Colmar... 4, Condd... 0I, Marseillaise... 10,376 I903 Montcalm... 9,700 I902 Gueydon , Jeanne d'arc... 11, Pothuau.... 5,460 I897 Cassard... 3, Thionville... 3, I7,00 i8 I63,958 22,800 DESTROYERS AND TORPEDO-BOATS. Date of entry Depreciated Units Displacement into service tonnage Amiral Sness.... 2,485 I9I8 I,450 Delage Rageot de la Touche I Vesco o Deligny Chastang... 9o I9I8 500 Mazar6... 9Io I Buino E. Durand I Matelot Leblanc "Algerien.... 8,280 I9I7 4,100 I2 "Enseigne Roux".... 9, ,300 3 "Casque".... 2,370 I "Temeraire"... 3, "Enseigne Henry" I "Cavalier"... 1, "Massue. "... 3,600 I9II "Mistral" I90I Enseigne Gabolde I I4 torpilleurs I, ,370 16,300

26 2 SUBMARINES. Units Displacement Date of entry Depreciated into service tonnage Joessel Bellone Atalante I9I8 175 Amazone Nereide Hermione Artemis Antigone Daphne Circee I Arethuse Gorgone Rolland Morillot I9I6 I20 Armide Lagrange I9I7 420 Romazotti I9I7 420 Fulton I9 6Io Laplace I Jean Autric L. Megnot Halbronn... 1, P. Marrast I9I8 480 J. Roulier. 820 I R. Audry....,70 I9I8 630 Carissan J. Come I V. Reveille I918 3I5 T. Schellemans O'Byrne I Amphitrite I9I8 242 Andromaque I6 173 Clorinde Cornelie Brumaire I3 60 Frimaire I3 60 Euler I33 Newton I9I5 133 Le Verrier I9I4 oo00 Gustave Zede I9I4 212 Sarre I9I6 334 Dupuy de me Astre I Amarante I ,225 I3,275

27 27 MISCELLANEOUS CRAFT. Units Displacement Date of entry Depreciated (Despatch Vessels) into service tonnage 5 Algol ,250 I916 4,I00 3 Regulus ,650 I917 3,300 6 Marine... 4,00 I917 3,000 3 Suippe.....2,100 I918 1,600 2 Ailette ,250 I919 I,000 4 Vimy... 2,800 I920 2,400 7 Peronne... 5, ,300 2 Craonne...,goo 192I, 1,700 Io Coucy ,000 I920 6,ooo 5 du Couedic... 2,500 I919 2,100 6 Vauquois... 4,200 I92I 3,700 Roosevelt Gunboats (360)......,ooo 19I8 6,300 Doudart I909 I I,600 40,I00 PERSONNEL. Sea service Shore service Executive officers... 1,983 Officers promoted from warrant rank Engineer officers Crews ,000 Accountant officers Medical officers and apothecaries Officers of naval police... I13 Naval police Naval prison staff Watchmen Semaphore station watchmen Fire brigades.... I9 Officers of the Works Department Health specialists Naval constructors and civil engineers Technical ratings ,250 Surveyors of naval construction Naval Ordnance officers. I50 Armament supply officers Naval Ordnance technical personnel Hydraulic technical personnel Officers of Supply and Health Services Officers of Accounts Department... I57 58,I29* 3,617 * Includes 3,209 Naval Air personnel (see Table C).

28 -28 - C. AIR FORCES OF FRANCE (INCLUDING COLONIES). Heavier-than-Air. Army and Navy. Total number, including spare machines Complete Aircraft Army Navy in units, but excluding training machines. Total Bombing Fighting General total Reconnaissance I,542 Total... 1,351 I9I 1,542 Spare Engines in Units (total number) Personnel Army Navy Total Flying: officers... I1,045 I59 I,204 other ranks.... 1,989 3I8 2,307 General total Non-flying: officers ,605 other ranks.. 27,892 2,682 30,574 31,396 3,209 34,605 Lighter-than-Air. Dirigibles NArmy... 0 total cubic capacity: I72,000 cubic metres. Navy I5 Captive balloons I Army (complete) Navy Total Do. in reserve in units... I2. RECRUITING SYSTEM 1 The new recruiting law dates from April Ist, I923. Under this law, every French citizen is liable to personal military service. Recruiting is effected: (I) by the calling up of annual levies, and (2) by re-enlistments and the granting of commissions. 1 Recruitment of Army Law, dated April ist, 1923.

29 Total Duration of Military Service Military service extends for a total period of 28 years and is carried out as follows: Exemptions. Service with the colours... /2 years Furlough (disponibilit)... 2 ) First Reserve /2 Second Reserve... 8 ) Apart from cases of complete physical unfitness, exemptions from military service are allowed for certain family circumstances. Recruitment. Every year, with a view to the constitution of the levy, the mayor draws a roll of the youths who have attained the age of I9, or who will attain it during the year, and who are domiciled in one of the communes of the canton. The men of the levy are incorporated in the Army in two batches during the year following the year of enrolment, as follows: (I) the youths who were born before June Ist of the birthyear of the levy are enrolled in May ; (2) the youths who were born after June Ist of that year are enrolled in November. Periods of Training. The men on furlough (disponibilitd) and the men of the First Reserve are liable to be called up for periods of training, the number and duration of which are fixed by the Minister of War, subject to a maximum limit of eight weeks. Officers of the Reserve and N.C.O.s may be called up for periods of training, the number and duration of which are fixed by the Minister of War, subject to a maximum limit of four months. Men belonging to the Second Reserve are liable to be called up in peace-time for special periods of training, which may not exceed a total of seven days. Enlistments and Re-engagements. All young men who comply with certain conditions and are I8 years old may enlist for service in the Home Army or with the colonial troops. In the latter case, their engagement must be for such a period as will allow of their being stationed outside France for at least two years after reaching the age of 20. These enlistments may be for periods of three, four and five years for troops of the Home Army; and for two, three, four and five years for colonial troops or units of the Home Army stationed outside France. In case of a Continental war, a decree may be published authorising young Frenchmen of 17 years of age to enlist for the duration of the war. Men who are serving with the colours and have at least six months service may re-enlist for periods of six months, one year, eighteen months, two, three, four and five years, such enlistments being renewable up to a total period of fifteen years.