NORWAY. Army. GENERAL Area... Population (xii. I928)...

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1 NORWAY GENERAL Area... Population (xii. I928) ,793 sq. km 2,8II,000 Density per sq. km Length of railway system (30. vi. I928). 3,835 km. I. Army. A. SUPREME MILITARY COMMAND AND ORGANISATION The King is Commander-in-Chief of the Army and Navy of the Kingdom. These forces may not be increased or reduced without the consent of the Storthing. They may not be transferred to the service of foreign powers, and no soldiers of foreign powers, except auxiliary troops against hostile attack, may be brought into the Kingdom without the consent of the Storthing. The Landevaern (Landwehr) and the other Norwegian troops, which cannot be classed as troops of the line, may never be employed beyond the borders of the Kingdom without the consent of the Storthing. The Department of Defence is the central organisation to which the Administration of the Army and Navy is attached. The Army Division is organised in 2 sections. The first section consists of 3 offices, dealing with army organisation and mobilisation, fortifications, ammunition, arsenals, a printing office, etc. The second section consists of 2 offices and deals with military service, army finance, etc. The Minister is also head of the Military Committee, which is composed as follows: Commander-in-Chief of the Army. Admiral commanding the Fleet. Chief of the Military General Staff i. Chief of the Naval General Staff. B. COMPOSITION OF THE ARMY Commander-in-Chief. General Staff. 6 Mixed Divisions. Army Inspectors (with General Staffs) Royal Guards. 1 The General Staff is organised in the following 4 Departments: i. Signals; 2. Mobilisation ; 3. Administration; 4. Topography. There is also an Intelligence Department attached to the General Staff.

2 654 NORWAY Fortress Artillery.. Air Force. Artillery Technical Corps. Recruiting Departments. Officers' Schools. Remount Commissions. C. HIGHER FORMATIONS 1 The 6 divisions are composed as follows: Ist Division with headquarters at Halden: 3 infantry regiments with I i regiment of engineers, machine-gun company and i i medical company, cyclist company, i supply company, i divisional infantry N.C.O.s' i train company, school, Fossumavsnittet fortifications i cavalry regiment, Sarpsborg fortifications, i field artillery regiment, Fredriksten garrison. 2nd Division with headquarters at Oslo: 3 infantry regiments with i i field artillery regiment, machine-gun company and i i medical company, cyclist company, i supply company, i divisional infantry N.C.O.s' i train company, school, Kongsvinger fortifications. i cavalry regiment, 3rd Division with headquarters at Kristiansand: 3 infantry regiments with i i supply company, machine-gun company and i i medical company, cyclist company, I train company, I mountain battery, Kristiansand garrison. I divisional infantry N.C.O.s' school, 4th Division with headquarters at Bergen: 2 infantry regiments with i i mountain battery, machine-gun company and i I supply company, cyclist company, I medical company, 2 independent battalions, i train company, i divisional infantry N.C.O.s' Bergenhus garrison. school, 'On December 31st, 1929.

3 5th Division with headquarters at Nidaros: NORWAY infantry regiments with I i field artillery regiment, machine-gun company and i i engineer battalion, cyclist company, I supply company, I divisional infantry N.C.O.s' i medical company, school, i train company, I garrison company (at Trondhjem), Stj 6rdal and Verdal fortifications, i cavalry regiment, Trondhjem garrison. 6th Division with headquarters at Harstad 3 infantry regiments with 3 I mountain battery, machine-gun companies, i engineer battalion, 2 independent battalions with i supply company, i garrison company, i medical company, i divisional infantry N.C.O.s' i train company. school, D. ARMS AND SERVICES 1 i. INFANTRY i7 line regiments and 4 independent battalions. Each regiment is divided into three battalions with 4 companies (8 battalions have only 3 companies each); 8 of these regiments possess in addition i machine-gun company and 5 possess i cyclist company each; the independent battalions have also 4 companies each. The Royal Guard (4 companies) is composed of contingents from the infantry regiments. 2. CAVALRY. 3 regiments Two regiments of 6 squadrons and one regiment of 4 squadrons. Each regiment has one machine-gun squadron. 3. ARTILLERY. (a) Field: 3 regiments. Each regiment is divided into three battalions of 3 batteries of field artillery, one battalion of 3 batteries of position artillery and one field-park company. (b) Mountain: 3 batteries (3-inch) of which one is a howitzer battery. (c) Fortress: 5 fortress battalions; 9 signal detachments; 6 detachments of sappers. I On December 31st, 1929.

4 656 NORWAY 4. ENGINEERS. i regiment of 3 battalions (field engineers, telegraph companies, pontoon companies) with 4 companies each. The telegraph battalion also has I wireless company. 2 unattached battalions of engineers, consisting of one company of field engineers, one telegraph company, one wireless company. 5. AIR FORCE. Norway only possesses training machines and no dirigibles. I military flying school. i military aeroplane factory. i permanent air commission of 6 members. i artillery observation commission of 7 members. 6. ARMY' SERVICE CORPS: 7 district intendance offices and i technical bureau. 7. ARMY MEDICAL CORPS: 6 medical boards, 6 line companies, 2 military hospitals and I army bacteriological laboratory. 8. TRANSPORT: Transport corps: 6 companies; motor-transport corps: 6 companies. 9. ARTILLERY TECHNICAL CORPS: i arms factory at Kongsberg, i cartridge and powder factory at Raufoss, chief arsenal at Oslo, and 4 other arsenals. IO. CONSCRIPTION AREAS. The country is divided into io War Commissariats and 52 battalion conscription districts. II. FACTORIES. Norway has two arms and munition State factories: Konsberg arms factory, Raufoss cartridge factory, and one private factory. There are also the following private dynamite, high-explosive and powder factories : Engene at Hurum; Verpen at Hurum; Gullaug ) Lier; Nitedal )) Nitedal; Haoen» Frogen; Grugernes sprengstoffabrikker, Ski. Sundal» Asen;

5 NORWAY 657 E. GENDARMERIE There is no special organisation (corresponding to a gendarmerie corps, etc.) for the maintenance of order in the interior and on the frontiers. F. SUMMARY TABLE OF COMMANDS AND UNITS. 6 Infantry Cavalry Field artillery 3 27 Siege Q. Mountain... Fortress.... q Engineers.... i Transport....2 Medical Of which 4 battalions torming a corps. 2 Includes 6 motor tractors. G. RECRUITING SYSTEM The military law in force in Norway is the Law of July I9th, I9IO, amended by the Law of August 20th, The Norwegian army consists of the regular army, the territorial army and the Landstorm. Military service is compulsory; I2 years in the regular army and 12 years in the territorial army. Military service begins at the age of 20. Men of from i8 to 20 years of age and from 44 to 55 years serve in the Landstorm, which is only raised in case of national defence. Service with the colours consists during the first year of 48 days' training in the infantry and fortress artillery, 62 days in the mountain artillery, 92 days in the field artillery and Io2 days 9. in the cavalry This training is immediately followed by 24 days' training in the regular army, while during the second, third and seventh years men of the regular army are called up for 24 days' training Landstorm Regular army Territorial Landstorm army Period of service: ( days according to branch) ; subsequently 4 periods of 24 days each. 90 days in

6 658 NORWAY RECRUITING OF THE ARMY. Young men Distributed as under: whose names Number of ^Years appear on the Emigrated young men inspected In the In the auxi- Provisionactive Army liary corps ally Finally I9I3 26,464 1,828 1I5,63I IO,564 i,81i 251 3, ,999 1,882 20,065 I3,857 2, , ,720 1,298 20,471 13,808 2,30I 526 3,836 I9I6 60,909 I,11i 40,695 28,230 4,776 1,217 6, , ,922 I5,755 2,962 1,049 3,156 I9I8 30, ,132 I2,927 2, , , ,570 14,023 2, , ,II ,041 I5,777 2, , , ,324 16,495 2, , , ,910 14,099 2, , ,I ,967 I2,955 2, , ,185 I,o6i 20,498 11,811 2, , , ,247 II,557 2, , , ,820o 8,373 2, ,895 1 In pursuance of the decision of the Storthing, dated March 22nd, 1926, only two-thirds of the men enrolled are called up for service. H. CADRES There are three different categories of officers and non-commissioned officers in the Norwegian army: (i) Permanent cadres. (2) District cadres (called up during training periods). (3) Cadres without pay (officers and N.C.O.s of the reserve). (i) SCHOOLS. For Non-Commissioned Officers. N.C.O.s of all ranks are drafted from the schools in the various divisions. Schools: 6 divisional infantry schools for N.C.O.s. i cavalry school for N.C.O.s. i artillery school for N.C.O.s. i riding school for artillery, engineers and transport. i engineering school for N.C.O.s. i riding school for cavalry. i garrison artillery school for N.C.O.s. i corporals school at Vardyhus. Courses for medical officers. Courses for veterinary officers. Courses for transport officers and N.C.O.s. Courses for army service corps officers. i school of musketry for infantry. i school of gunnery for field artillery. i school of gunnery for garrison artillery. i flying school.

7 NORWAY 659 (2) For Officers. Staff College (2 years' training). Military A cademy. The army training courses last one year for officers without pay, and three years for permanent and district officers. Survey Institute: Sections: Geodesy; Topography; Cartography; Photography. Government physical training school for officers, N.C.O.s and civilians. I. BUDGETARY EFFECTIVES ( ) 1. REGULARS AND DISTRICT STRENGTH. N.C.O.s N.C.O.s Officers and Officers and other ranks Total other ranks Total I/VII/2 9-1/1/30 1/1/30 - i/vii/ 3 o Commander-in-Chief General Staff Divisional H. Q i8 18 Infantry ,678 2,2o6 1, ,328 Cavalry I [42 I29 Artillery Fortress Artillery Air Force I 45 Engineers Transport ii 28 Army Service Corps Medical Corps Veterinary Corps... I 8 II8 i ii Miscellaneous Total... 1,090 3,180 4,270 2, ,740 II. MILITARY SCHOOLS. Cadets and aspirants Number Military colleges Infantry N.C.O.s' schools... i.. Cavalry N.C.O.s' schools Artillery N.C.O.s' schools Fortress artillery N.C.O.s' school Engineer N.C.O.s' school Flying school Army Medical course Total

8 660 NORWAY III. RECRUITS. (Men trained in i929). Infantry ,600 Cavalry Artillery 1... I,090 Engineers Flying corps... Ioo Intendance... I Medical corps Total ,250 2 Field, mountain and fortress. 2 Not including Guard, 1,458 men (183 days of service) and garrison companies, 173 men (i83 days of service). II. Navy. A. DISTRICT COMMANDS, ADMINISTRATION OF MATERIAL AND NAVAL COMMISSIONS DISTRICT COMMANDS. i. Naval district command (Horten); 2. ) ) ) (Kristiansand) 3- (Bergen); 4. > )) (Nidaros); 5.- > ) (Ramsund). ADMINISTRATION OF MATERIAL. Chief naval dockyard; Naval intendance department; Naval artillery department; Naval mines department; Naval flying service; Naval works service; Naval navigation service; Naval health service; The Melsomvik lying-up harbour; The Marvik lying-up harbour; The Bergen lying-up harbour.

9 NORWAY 66i PERMANENT NAVAL COMMISSIONS. i. The Supervisory Commission; 2. The Joint Naval Technical Commission; 3. The Naval Engine and Shipbuilding Commission; 4. The Naval Artillery Commission; 5. The Naval Torpedo and Mines Commission; 6. The Permanent Flying Commission; 7. The Naval Intendance Commission; 8. The Naval Health Commission; 9. The Anti-aircraft Artillery Commission. B. LIST OF UNITS Nota. - The first date in brackets gives the date of the launching of the ship; the second that of its completion. The dash - signifies that the construction has not yet been completed or that the date of completion is not known. Battleships (Coast Defence): (I929). i. Norge ( ) Displacement, 4,166 tons. Length, 3011/4 feet. Beam, 2. Eidsvold (1900oo-1901) 50/2 feet. Max. draught, I72/3 feet. H.P. 4, kts. Guns : inch.; inch; 8 12-pdr. 2 3-pdr. (A. A.) 2 torpedo-tubes submerged (18-inch). 3. Harald Haarfagre Displacement, 3,858 tons. Length, 304 feet. Beam, ( ) 48½ feet. Max. draught, 172/3 feet. H.P. 4,500 = 4. Tordenskjold ( ) 16.9 kts. Guns: inch; inch; (Employed as pdr.; 2 3-pdr. (A. A.); 2 torpedo-tubes submerged training-ship.) (17.7/18-inch). 3 Destroyers: i. Garm (I913-) Displacement, 540 tons. Dimensions :227 X 23½1 X 8 3/4 2. Draug (1908-) feet. H.P. 7,500-8,000 -= 27 kts. Guns : 6 I2-pdr. 3. Troll (1910-) 3 I8-inch tubes. 26 Torpedo-Boats: i. " Large torpedo-boats": Displacement, 220 tons: (a) Snogg; (b) Stegg; (c) Trygg ( ). 2. First-class torpedo-boats Displacement, 90 tons: (a) Laks; (b) Sild; (c) Sael ; (d) Skrei (1900oo); displacement, 79 tons : (e) Brand; (f) Storm ; (g) Trods (1899); (h) Hval (1896).

10 662 NORWAY 3. Second-class torpedo-boats: Displacement, 94 tons : (a) Kjell (1912). Displacement, 92 tons : (b) Skarv; (c) Teist ( ). Displacement, 70 tons : (d) Grib; (e) Jo ; (f) Lorn (1906); (g) Orn ; (h) Ravn (1904). Displacement, 63 tons: (i) Hauk; (j) Falk (1903). Displacement, 64 tons: (k) Hvas (1) Kjoek (1900oo). Displacement, 67 tons : (m) Kvik (I897-98). Displacement, 45 tons : (n) Blink ; (o) Lyn (1896), 9 submarines: Date of Date of Displacement H. P. Torpedo-tubes No, No, Type launching completion (tons) Kts (8-inch) On surface: I B i i B I B 3 I i B Submerged: i B 5 I i B o0.5 On surface: A 4-A Submerged: Miscellaneous: 15 units (mine-layers, gunboats, etc.). SUMMARY TABLE OF NAVAL UNITS. Number Total Depreciated _Tonnage Tonnage' Battleships and battle-cruisers Coast-defence ships and monitors ,048 - Aircraft-carriers... Cruisers and light cruisers... - Torpedo-boats and destroyers ,995 Submarines... 8* 2,850 1,540 Miscellaneous Vessels ,550 - Total... 26,443 1,540 1 Depreciated tonnage (on January ist, 1930) is calculated as follows: (i) For battleships, battle-cruisers, coast-defence ships, monitors, aircraft-carriers and miscellaneous vessels, a reduction in original tonnage at the rate of I/20 per annum from date of completion. (2) For cruisers and light cruisers, a reduction of i/i7 per annum from date of completion. (3) For torpedo craft and submarines, a reduction of i /12 per annum from date of completion. Not including one submarine to' be completed in a Under the heading Miscellaneous Vessels, only sloops, gunboats, river gunboats and despatch vessels are shown.

11 NORWAY 663 III. Budget Expenditure on National Defence. A. NOTES ON BUDGET PROCEDURE. (i) The financial year covers the period July Ist to June 3oth. The estimates for the coming financial year are submitted to Parliament in January or February and are generally voted in May or June. Closed accounts are regularly published six to eight months after the close of the financial year. (2) The budget is divided into current and capital expenditure. All defence expenditure is included in current expenditure, the capital expenditure only representing investments in public undertakings, which may be expected to yield a return in the future, and extraordinary amortisation. (3) The Norwegian budget is a gross budget, receipts collected by the Defence Department in the course of its administration being accounted for on the revenue side of the budget. (4) Local authorities do not contribute to expenditure for military purposes. B. BUDGET EXPENDITURE ON NATIONAL DEFENCE. I. Summary of Defence Expenditure (Gross). TABLE I I Closed Accounts Estimates Kroner (ooo,ooo's) Army I 27.8 Navy io Total defence expenditure Index % I % % % numbers of: Wholesale prices (1913 = ioo)..i80 64 I Retail prices : Cost of living (July 1914 Ioo) I84 x8o Average, July to December NOTES. - (a) These figures include State contributions to army and navy pensions. (b) Cost-of-living allowances are not included in the figures above as the portion relating to the army and navy cannot be separated from:the allocations to civil servants. The total allocations to the administration (excluding those to persons employed in public undertakings and in military and naval factories)

12 664 NORWAY amounted to 8 million Kr. in , to 7.3 million Kr. in and have been estimated at 6.7 million Kr. for and 6.4 million for (c) In addition to the expenditure of the army and the navy shown above, some expenditure for civil purposes is also included in the budget of national defence. This represents expenditure on civil aviation, cartographical service, contributions to sports clubs and rifle associations, etc. It amounted to 1,567,000 Kr. in I and has been estimated at i;6oo,ooo Kr. for and at 1,548,ooo Kr. for I II. Analysis of De/ence Expenditure. (i) The main items of Army expenditure are shown in the following table : TABLE 2. I I Closed Accounts Estimates Kroner (ooo's) Army Board Salaries, etc., to permanent personnel... 12,982 11,514 12,645 12,428 Military Schools.... 1,836 1,648 1,541 1,378 Practice and manceuvres...,318 1,220 1, Quarters, food and equipment. 5,312 5,223 4,723 4,106 Horses... 1,66i 1,530 1,468 1,431 Arms and ammunition of the Army... 4,994 4,124 4,904 4,775 Arms and ammunition of the Reserve Deficit on factories and arsenals.... I53,846 Transport Garrisons, fortifications and parade grounds.. 1,532 1,536 1,391 1,356 Various expenses Total ,432 30,206 29,138 27,778 (2) The main items of Navy expenditure are shown in the following table : TABLE 3.. I Estimates Closed Accounts Estimates submitted voted to Parlia- m en t Kroner (ooo's) Navy Board I n - _ Salaries, etc., to permanent personnel.. 4,915 4,67 4,476 4,609 Schools Temporary personnel (conscription) Practice and manoeuvres... 1,376 1,427 1,05I 951 Material and supplies.... 2,825 2,673 2,582 3,816 Naval stations ,1 07 Hospitals, etc Various expenses...,i Expenditure from the Naval Cadets' fund Improvements at the main naval wharves... - i0oc Total... 11,555 11,537 10,752 12,114

13 NORWAY 665 III. Receipts collected by the De/ence Departments. These are shown as revenue and generally amount to between 600,000 and 700,000 Kr. per annum. IV. Expenditure re/erring to Previous Years. (i) Debt Service. No interest on or redemption of public debt is charged to the Defence Department. (2) Pensions. Officers are obliged to contribute to a pension fund, to which the State also contributes. These State contributions are charged partly to the Defence Department and partly to the Finance Department. The contributions charged to the Defence Department amount to about 400,00o Kr.