HUNGARY. Army. GENERAL Area... 92,928 sq. km. Population (1925)... 8,364,653 Per sq. km

Transcription

1 HUNGARY GENERAL Area... 92,928 sq. km. Population (1925)... 8,364,653 Per sq. km I. Army. A. SUPREME MILITARY AUTHORITY AND ITS ORGANS The organs and establishments coming under the Supreme Military Authority in Hungary are as follows Military Bureau of the Governor; Royal Hungarian Ministry of National Defence, to which belong the Commander-in-Chief of the Army and the Inspectors of Arms; Budapest Fortress Command; Varpalota Garrison Command; Inspectorate of ranges, garrisons and camps. B. COMPOSITION OF THE ARMY The Army consists of 7 mixed brigades and the following independent units : 4 regiments of Hussars, 4 batteries, 3 battalions of engineers. Each mixed brigade consists of : 2 regiments of infantry of 3 battalions each; i cyclist battalion; i squadron of hussars; i artillery group of 3 batteries; i trench-mortar company; i signals company; I horse-transport detachment; i mechanical-transport detachment. The regiments of hussars, classed as independent troops, consist of 4 squadrons each. The engineer battalions, classed as independent troops, consist of 4 companies each.

2 504 HUNGARY C. ARMS AND SERVICES Infantry. The infantry is organised in 14 regiments comprising 42 battalions of infantry and 7 battalions of cyclists. Cavalry. The cavalry is organised in 4 regiments comprising 23 squadrons. Artillery, The artillery is organised in 7 groups comprising 25 batteries and 7 companies of trench mortars. Engineers. The engineers consist of: 3 battalions of sappers, 7 signal companies, 7 horse-transport detachments and 7 mechanical-transport detachments. D. RECRUITING SYSTEM The Royal Hungarian Honved is raised and recruited exclusively by voluntary enlistment. All applicants for enlistment must be notified by the military authorities within a period of 8 weeks whether they have been accepted for the Royal Hungarian Honved. Volunteers must serve a preliminary term of one month, reckoned from the notification mentioned in the previous paragraph. Any man who, at the end of this period, does not wish to be finally enrolled must be discharged. The duration of the preliminary term is counted in the period of engagement. The term of service for men enlisted in the Royal Hungarian Honved as private soldiers is 12 consecutive years. Men who have completed the first six years of their engagement may be sent on furlough. Men who desire to continue in the Royal Hungarian Honved after the conclusion of their engagement may be allowed to extend their service at the discretion of the military authorities. Men who thus extend their service must be granted their discharge at the end of the year in which they apply for discharge. E. CADRES Until July ist, 1922, the officers of the Royal Hungarian Honved had to be exclusively recruited from among former regular officers. Of the officers thus obtained those under 38 had to serve at least until the age of 40 ; and those over 38 were required by law to serve for at least 2 years from the date of commissioning. Young regular officers, on the war establishment of the Royal Hungarian Honved, are trained at the military school, where they study for 4 years. The students of the Ludovika Academy at Budapest are included in the strength of the military forces of the Royal Hungarian Honved, but their active service in the Honved does not begin till they have passed the board of examiners.

3 HUNGARY 505 F. POLICE AND GENDARMERIE Recruitment and Duration of Service. The Hungarian Police and Royal Hungarian Gendarmerie are recruited by voluntary enlistment. The term of service for officers in the Gendarmerie and for officials of the Police Secretariat and the Police Inspectorate Service is 20 years. Not more than ten years previous service in the Army may be counted in this period, but previous service in the Gendarmerie and Police is reckoned in full. The period of service for the rank and file is six years. Not more than three years' previous service in the Army may be counted in this period. Ex-soldiers must therefore enlist for 3 years in the Gendarmerie or the Police, even if they have served for over three years in the Army. Men wishing to continue in the service after the expiration of their engagement may be allowed to re-engage for successive periods of one year. Discharge. Apart from men leaving the service at the expiration of their engagements, not more than one-twentieth of the effectives, which are fixed at I2,ooo men, may be discharged annually for disciplinary, family or other reasons. Men who have been discharged must be re-enlisted if they so desire. They must engage to serve for a period of three years, if they have served previously for not less than three years. Otherwise they must engage to serve for a period which will bring their total period of service up to six years. G. BUDGETARY EFFECTIVES ARMY. Officers: GENDARMERIE AND POLICE. Generals Officers... 1,440 Colonels Men... 8,I58 Lieut.-Colonels.. 60 Majors Total ,598 Captains ist Lieutenants nd Lieutenants Sub-Lieutenants.. 25 Total... 1,478 Non - commissioned officers and other ranks... 33,230 Grand total.. 34,708

4 506 HUNGARY II Budget Expenditure on National Defence. A. NOTES ON BUDGET PROCEDURE. i. The financial year covers the period from July ist to June 3oth. 2. The Hungarian budget is divided into two parts: (a) The general budget of the administration; (b) The budget of public undertakings and State domain. The expenditure is divided into ordinary expenditure, transitory expenditure - that which is of a temporary nature resulting from post-war conditions - and capital expenditure. 3. The Hungarian budget is gross; accordingly, the figures shown therein for fiscal monopolies, public undertakings and State domain are those of gross receipts and expenditure. B. BUDGET EXPENDITURE ON NATIONAL DEFENCE. I. Summary of Defence Expenditure. TABLE I I Budget estimates Peng6s (ooo,ooo's omitted) Ministry of National Defence Io7.5 III.- Index of expenditure on national defence....in ioo I NOTES. --. The law of November 6th, 1925, prescribed the introduction, as from January ist, 1927, of the peng6 as the unit to be employed in State accountancy. One peng6 is equal to of a Hungarian gold crown or to 12,500 paper crowns. i sterling = peng6s. 2. Although the budgets for I and I were prepared in paper and gold crowns the figures for those years in the table above are calculated in peng6 in order to make them comparable with the figures for the budgets of the succeeding years. 3. The figures given for the financial year I are not fully comparable with those for the succeeding years, for the following reason: In the budget for I there still appear, under a separate heading, the allowances in kind to State employees (including military officials) amounting to an aggregate sum of 35,193,000 gold crowns. Since the financial year the system of allowances in kind to employees has been abolished and the ordinary salaries correspondingly increased.

5 HUNGARY 507 II. Analysis of Defence Expenditure. i. The following table analyses the principal headings of the expenditure of the Ministry of National Defence: TABLE 2. Budget estimates i j Expenditure on administration: Gold crowns (ooo's omitted) Penges (ooo's omitted) i. Central administration: Expenditure on personnel..,495 3,190 4,18i 4,559 Expenditure on material..,213 2,785 3,171 3, Army staff: Expenditure on personnel ,294 1,823 2,306 Expenditure on material.. I,243 1,269 1,374 1, Army: Expenditure on personnel.. 14,806 30,508 39,851 41,356 Expenditure on material. 40,854 17,111 24,066 23, Military college: Expenditure on personnel ,243 1,689 Expenditure on material 1, x 5. Pensions... 6,877 18,793 3,o020 31,699 Total... 68,901o 76, ,470 11,o The following table shows the expenditure of the Ministry of National Defence divided into ordinary, transitory and investment expenditure: TABLE 3. Ordinary Transitory Investment Total Finaexpenditure expenditure expenditure expenditure Gold crowns (ooo's omitted) , ,368 1,397 68, ,365 8,oo ,370 Peng6s (ooo's omitted) I ,678 10o, , , 10, , ,046 III. Receipts collected by the Various Departments of the Ministry of National Defence. The following table shows the estimates of receipts to be collected by the Ministry of National Defence: TABLE Budget estimates Gold crowns (ooo's omitted) Peng6s (ooo's omitted) Receipts j 346

6 508 HUNGARY IV. Expenditure relating to Previous Years. i. Debt service and amortisation of public debt are not charged to the budget of National Defence. 2. As indicated above, military pensions appear in the budget of National Defence from the financial year onward. War pensions are charged to the budget of the Ministry of Social Welfare and Labour. TABLE 5. I I Budget estimates Gold crowns (ooo's omitted) Peng6s (ooo's omitted) War pensions... 2,490 4,354 12,240 18,040 III. Production and Exchange of Goods of Importance for National Defence. (P - Production; I = Imports; E = Exports.) I. FUEL (A) COAL, ETC I923 I Metric tons (ooo's). Coal P I 8i6 805 I E I Lignite P 5,693 6,I9I 6,856 6,353 5,521I I I Io8 54 E Coke I i6i 133 I E Briquettes I E o.i 4.9 (B) MINERAL OILS. Crude I 6.6 I I9.2 Benzine I i E Refined, other 1 I 20.2 I6.i E - O.I O.I Lubricating E 0.4 I.O Includes fuel oil. 2 Includes heavy oils and residues.

7 HUNGARY 509 II. ORES AND METALS (A) ORES i I925 Metric tons (ooo's.) Iron P I E Io0.3 I4.3 Io.3 Copper P O.I2 o0.0 Manganese I o.i E 1.3 Sulphur pyrites 2 I a E (B) METALS. Pig-iron 4 P ii6 93 Steel ingots and castings P Crude and semi-manu factured iron and steel E Lead I i E i.i 0.3 o.i Tin I 0.3 o E o.i - Zinc I o E Copper I E o. 0.1 o.oi III. CHEMICAL PRODUCTS I Metric tons. Nitrate of soda I E Sulphate of ammonia I 72 1,021 E Nitric acid I ,I ,744 E xi 243 1x Sulphuric acid I 660 1,799 3,585 3,1060,o86 E III 236 Soda I 3,510 4,868 3,511 4,995 6,030 E Io 3 Sulphur 1 1, E I Spirits (alcohol) I E 2,603 7,297 8,685 8,470 9,805 Metric tons (ooo's). Salt I 64.8 iio o 82.0 Included in sulphur pyrites. 2 Imports: raw ; exports ; burnt. a..including "raw ", "burnt " and iron ore. 4 Pig iron only; reliable figures for ferro-alloys not available. Including muriatic (hydrochloric) acid.

8 50O HUNGARY IV. AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS (A) CEREALS Metric tons (ooo's). Wheat P 1,435 1,489 1,843 1,403 1,951 I 0o.I 5.3 o E Wheaten flour I 0.02 o.01 - o.i8 - E Rye P I 0.04 o.i8 o.ii 0.1I o.o0 E I Rye flour I. - o. 0 E Barley P I O.Ii B 4.0 i.i Oats P E ii Maize P 805 1,238 1,251 1,883 2,235 I I.i i.o 3.0 E Rice I I1.6 I E - 0o (B) POTATOES. P 1,249 1,320 1,334 1,535 2,310 I 0.3 i1.o E 20.9 o.i V. LIVE-STOCK (Effective Number and Trade.) I924 I925 Head (ooo's). Cattle Eff 1,828 1,819 1,896 I is. Io E 36.8 IIo Sheep Eff 1,352 1,587 1,814 Pigs Eff 9,743 2,133 2,458 I E io Horses Eff I E VI. MEATS Metric tons. Fresh, dried or preserved I , E 4,847 9,285 9,578 7,685 1xo61i

9 HUNGARY 511 VII. VARIOUS PRODUCTS I92I 1922 I Metric tons. Cotton, raw I 850 ' 2, ,I011 2,089 4,192 E Rubber, raw I E 0o 6 6o 1 Including waste.