Study Guide To accompany The American Civil War:

Transcription

1 Study Guide To accompany The American Civil War: Which underlying cause of the war means that a person had more allegiance to their region than to the nation as a whole? 2. Which underlying cause infers that there was disagreement about the role of the national government? 3. What was the North s economy based on? 4. What was the South s economy based on? 5. Which region would be opposed to tariffs? 6. Approximately how many more slaves were there in 1860 than in 1790? 7. According to the slide, which states were Southern slaveholding states in 1860? 8. What percentage of southerners owned no slaves in 1860? 9. According to the slide, which states were Northern free states in 1860? 10. According to the slide, what laid a basis for expansion in the Northern economy. 11. Which four parties ran for the office of president in the 1860 election? 12. What four candidates ran for the office of president in the 1860 election? 13. By the time Lincoln assumed the presidency, how many states had seceded from the union? 14. Approximately how many electoral votes did Lincoln score in the 1860 election? 15. What percent of the popular vote did Lincoln receive in the 1860 election? 16. In his 1860 inaugural address, who did Lincoln say would be the aggressors in a Civil War? 17. What was the trigger that set off the first wave of secession in the southern slave states? 18. The first state to secede was.? 19. When did this state secede? 20. Where did the southern state delegates meet to form the Confederate States of America? 21. What right was protected in the Confederate constitution? 22. Who was elected first president of the Confederate States of America? 23. Which states were the border states? 24. How were these states similar to the Confederate states, and different from the Union states? 25. Why was it important for the Union to hold these states at all costs? 26. What was the Cause? 27. What fort in Charleston Harbor did Lincoln not want to surrender? 28. Who was the Union commander at this fort? 29. What was Lincoln s dilemma regarding this fort? 30. Who was the Confederate commander during the firing on this fort? 31. Why did Lincoln declare martial law in Maryland?

2 32. Write either of the nicknames for the Union strategy in fighting the war. 33. What Union general devised this strategy? 34. What are the major elements of this strategy? 35. What was the southern strategy? 36. What was Lee s Dilemma? 37. What were bounties? 38. What was the name of the law that provided for the first draft in US History? 39. How much was the bounty? How much money would that be in the year 2005? 40. What were substitutes? 41. Who were targeted in the New York Draft Riots? 42. What steps did Lincoln take to deal with dissenters? 43. Who were the Copperheads? 44. Who was the most famous Copperhead? 45. Who did Lincoln command as the first General of the Union Army? 46. What eventually happened to this general? 47. What was the first submarine to sink a warship? 48. What did the Confederates re-name the Merrimack? 49. What was the Monitor s turret nicknamed? 50. What was the Dictator? 51. Who was the Union commander at First Bull Run? 52. Who was the Confederate commander at First Bull Run? 53. Was this battle a Union victory or Confederate victory? 54. What were the results of this battle? 55. Who did Lincoln appoint as commander after the battle of First Bull Run? 56. What British steamer were two Confederate envoys arrested from in 1861? 57. The Peninsular Campaign was the brainchild of what Union General? 58. Why did the tide in the Peninsular Campaign change? 59. Which Confederate general was wounded in the Battle of Fair Oaks? 60. What general replaced him? 61. Who won this battle? 62. What was the name of the Confederate counterattack to the Peninsula Campaign? 63. What nickname did General US Grant receive as a result of the Union victory at Fort Donelson? 64. What state was Shiloh located in? 65. What name did the Confederates give Shiloh? 66. What error did Grant make on the first day of the battle? 67. What Confederate General was killed in the Peach Orchard at Shiloh? 68. What Union General brought reinforcements to Shiloh on the second day of the battle? 69. What did Lincoln remark about Grant after some wanted him removed from command after the Battle of Shiloh? 70. What two boats were involved in the Battle of Hampton Roads? 71. Where was Hampton Roads located? 72. Which ship won the battle between the two? 73. What major error did General Pope make at the Battle of Second Bull Run? 74. By the end of summer, 1862, what did abolitionists push for?

3 75. What state is Antietam in? 76. What did Lee hope to accomplish fighting there? 77. How did McClellan find out about Lee s strategy at Antietam? 78. How did McClellan approach the battle? 79. What religious sect had a church that was damaged during the morning phase of the battle of Antietam? 80. What Union General was assigned to defend a bridge in the later afternoon phase of the battle, but suffered from poor command skills? 81. What did this General make famous? 82. Why could McClellan claim a victory at Antietam? 83. What date did Lincoln announce the Emancipation Proclamation? 84. What date would this become effective? 85. What would the Emancipation Proclamation do? 86. What were the three effects of the Emancipation Proclamation? 87. What date did Lincoln remove McClellan from command? 88. Why did Burnside want to take Fredericksburg? 89. What delayed Burnside from doing this? 90. What Union general was assigned the task of assaulting Marye s Heights? 91. Who commanded the Union Irish Brigade? 92. What famous American poet traveled to Fredericksburg looking for his wounded brother? 93. Finish the sentence from Lincoln s 1862 Address to Congress, We shall nobly save, or meanly lose, the. 94. Who published an anti-slaver newspaper called The North Star? 95. What were contrabands? 96. Where in South Carolina were some contrabands relocated? 97. What woman traveled to South Carolina to teach the contrabands? 98. This woman was named Superintendent of Nurses, and nicknamed Dragon 99. This woman was known as the Angel of the Battlefield, and later founded the American Red Cross 100. This woman traveled with Union troops throughout the war, was nicknamed Mother This woman was the aunt of Stephen Douglas and was also a Confederate spy This woman wrote Battle Hymn of the Republic 103. This man wrote Battle Cry of Freedom 104. What ratio of Union soldiers was killed by disease? 105. What ratio of Confederate soldiers was killed by disease? 106. What year was the US Sanitary Commission formed? 107. What idea did the Commission promote and continued to promote after the end of the war? 108. What were Hooker s goals prior to the Battle of Chancellorsville? 109. What was Lee s daring move? 110. What did Hooker believe Lee s forces were doing? 111. How was Stonewall Jackson killed in this battle? 112. Who did Lincoln appoint Union commander after Chancellorsville?

4 113. Who saved the Union position at the end of Day 1 at Gettysburg? 114. What did the Union lines at Gettysburg resemble? 115. What was the significance of Little Round Top? 116. What was the significance of Devil s Den? 117. Chamberlain and his men were ordered to hold Little Round Top, at all What regiment did Chamberlain command? 119. How did the regiment defeat the advancing Confederate forces? 120. What was Lincoln invited to do at Gettysburg? 121. Why did he probably accept the invitation? 122. What did Lincoln believe about Vicksburg? 123. After failed attempts to capture the city, what did Grant do in order to subdue Vicksburg? 124. What did Lincoln remark after the fall of Vicksburg? 125. How many years would it be before the city of Vicksburg again celebrated twh 4 th of July? 126. What Massachusetts governor established the 54 th Massachusetts? 127. Who was put in command of the regiment? 128. What fort did more than half of the 54 th Massachusetts die trying to take? 129. Who was the first black recipient of the Congressional Medal of Honor? 130. Who was known as the Rock of Chicamauga? 131. What was the nickname of the Battle of Lookout Mountain, because of the fog? 132. While Grant was initially defeated in the Wilderness Campaign, what did he do compared to other Union generals before him? 133. What was Sherman s goal in his march? 134. According to battle plans, what city would Sherman take? What city would Grant take? 135. When did Atlanta surrender to Sherman? 136. What city did Sherman take at Christmas, 1864? 137. What bizarre plan did General Burnside hatch to invade Petersburg? 138. What happened as a result of this? 139. What two candidates ran against each other in the Election of 1864? 140. Who won the election? 141. Who was the commandant of the Andersonville prison camp? 142. What state was Andersonville located in? 143. How many prisoners died there? 144. What happened to the commandant? 145. What Union POW camp had notorious conditions? 146. What percentage of the prisoners died there? 147. Whose chair did Lincoln sit in when he visited Richmond on April 3? 148. Who accompanied Lincoln? 149. Where did Lee surrender to Grant? 150. What date was President Lincoln assassinated? 151. Who was the assassin? 152. Where did the assassination occur? 153. What was the plan of the assassin and his co-conspirators?

5 154. Where was Lincoln taken after he was shot? 155. Who shot the assassin several days later? 156. Where was Jefferson Davis captured? 157. Where was Lincoln buried? 158. What happened to most of the conspirators? 159. Approximately how many military personnel died during the Civil War? 160. Approximately how much of the South s total wealth was lost as a result of the Civil War?

6 Answer Key 1. Sectionalism 2. States Rights 3. Industry and Agriculture 4. Agriculture 5. South 6. 3,500, Virginia, Tennessee, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Florida, Louisiana, Arkansas, and Texas % 9. Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, Iowa, and Minnesota. 10. Yankee ingenuity and inventiveness 11. Republican, Northern Democrats, Southern Democrats, and Constitutional Union. 12. Abraham Lincoln, Stephen Douglas, John Breckenridge, and John Bell 13. Seven Less than 40% 16. Lincoln said, You can have no conflict without yourselves (the southern states) being the aggressors. 17. The election of Abraham Lincoln 18. South Carolina. 19. December, Montgomery, Alabama 21. rights of slave owners 22. Jefferson Davis 23. Missouri, Kentucky, Delaware, Maryland. 24. They allowed slavery, but were kept in the Union. 25. To keep their economic resources, to keep their manpower for the Union war effort. 26. The Confederates were fighting for their independence, therefore the Cause. 27. Fort Sumter. 28. Major (Robert) Anderson 29. The fort was running out of supplies, and Lincoln either would supply it and risk war, or not supply the fort, and the Union forces there would have to abandon it. 30. General Beauregard 31. Because private citizens with southern sympathies attacked and killed soldiers from the 6 th Massachusetts regiment. 32. Anaconda or Boa Constrictor 33. General Winfield Scott 34. Capture the Confederate Capital (Richmond), invade Tennessee to move into the south, strike along the Mississippi River to split the Confederacy, blockade southern ports.

7 35. The south needed foreign support, so their plan was to fight a defensive war, attacking only when victory seemed likely. Southern generals did have the option, however, to invade the North, which they did twice, at Antietam and Gettysburg. Both were failures. 36. Lee had been offered command of the Union Army, but he declined, waiting to see if Virginia would secede. When it did, Lee resigned his army commission, and took a command position in the Confederate army. 37. Bounties were cash bonuses for joining the military. 38. The Enrollment Act 39. $300; $4, Northern men wishing to avoid military service during the Civil War could hire a substitute to take their place. In the South, planters with more than 20 slaves could also apply for an exemption from service. 41. The rioters targeted those thought to be able to afford substitutes as well as African-Americans rioters thought were taking the jobs of volunteers. 42. Sent troops to stop protests or riots; suspended habeas corpus, seized telegraph offices. 43. The Copperheads were also known as Peace Democrats. They sympathized with the South. 44. Congressman Clement Vallandingham of Ohio was known as the most famous Copperhead. 45. Irwin McDowell 46. He lost the First Battle of Bull Run, and Lincoln replaced him. 47. The CSS Hunley 48. CSS Virginia 49. The Cheesebox 50. A 13 inch, 17,000 lb. mortar that could lob shells into the city (Petersburg) from a distance of approximately 2 ½ miles. 51. McDowell 52. Beauregard 53. Confederate victory 54. It made many realize that the war would be a long and bloody struggle. 55. General George B. McClellan 56. the HMS Trent 57. McClellan 58. McClellan believed that he was facing an army of much larger strength than he was, and he believed he was in for a long campaign, and his men carried a large amount of equipment. 59. Johnston 60. Robert E. Lee 61. No one, the battle ended in a stalemate. 62. Seven Days Battle 63. Unconditional Surrender 64. Tennessee 65. Pittsburg Landing

8 66. The Confederates caught his position unprepared, without any guards or patrols to give advanced warning. 67. General Albert Johnston 68. Don Carlos Buell 69. I can t spare this man he fights 70. The Monitor and the Merrimack 71. Near the James River in Virginia 72. The battle ended in a draw. 73. Pope thought the Confederates were retreating from the battlefield; in actuality they were advancing. 74. They were pushing for Lincoln to free the slaves. 75. Maryland 76. Lee hoped that the battle would bring foreign support for the Confederacy. 77. One of McClellan s soldiers found a copy of Lee s battle plans wrapped in a bundle of three cigars. 78. McClellan still approached cautiously, believing that Lee had more men than he actually did. 79. The Dunkers 80. General Ambrose Burnside 81. Distinctive facial whiskers, known as sideburns 82. Lee retreated, so McClellan claimed a victory 83. September 22, January 1, It would free the slaves in territories in rebellion. 86. The effects included union in the North, disunion in the South, and it kept Britain out of the war. 87. November 5, Burnside saw this as a good way to get a foothold against Richmond. He planned to cross the Rappahannock River, and then seize the town and fortify the hills before Lee could send reinforcements. 89. Burnside wanted to have his men cross the Rappahannock on pontoon bridges. It took two weeks to have the bridges delivered, which allowed Lee time to bring needed reinforcements. 90. General Fighting Joe Hooker. 91. Thomas Meagher. 92. Walt Whitman 93, last best hope of earth. 94. Frederick Douglass 95. Contrabands were slaves who had either been captured by advancing Union soldiers or who had run away from their masters. 96. The Sea Islands 97. Charlotte Forten. 98. Dorothea Dix 99. Clara Barton 100. Mary Ann (Mother) Bickerdyke 101. Rose O Neal Greenhow

9 102. Julia Ward Howe 103. George F. Root 104. Three of every five 105. Two of every three Philanthropy Force Lee out of his entrenchments at Fredericksburg; Sever Lee s line of communication with Richmond; Crush Lee s army through a pincer move 109. Lee and his lieutenants divided his forces, and sent some of them back to Fredericksburg. He then took his undersized army and attacked Hooker on his flanks Retreating 111. Shot by friendly fire George G. Meade 113. General John Buford The shape of the Union Line resembled a fishhook It provided high ground at the end of the fishhook, and was held after a vicious battle Sharpshooters were able to conduct a brutal slaughter of Union troops at all hazards th Maine 119. Chamberlain ordered a bayonet attack by the Union as the Confederates were coming up the hill. The Confederates were so surprised that they broke ranks a few appropriate remarks 121. He probably accepted the invitation to speak as an opportunity to explain his view of the war as a struggle to gain equality as well as a struggle to save the Union Lincoln believed that taking Vicksburg was the key to winning the war He laid siege The Father of Waters goes unvexed to the sea years 126. John Andrew 127. Robert Gould Shaw 128. Fort Wagner 129. Sergeant William Carney 130. General George Thomas 131. Battle Above the Clouds 132. Other generals had retreated if they lost initially; Grant decided he would stay and continue to fight on Sherman wanted to cut through the heartland of the south and destroy anything of military value to prove that the southern army could not protect its own land. It would therefore be forced to surrender Sherman would take Atlanta; Grant would take Richmond 135. September, Savannah, Georgia Burnside planned to load tons of explosives under the city, and break through and rush the city s defenses.

10 138. It was unsuccessful. The Union forces became entrapped in the crater created as a result of the explosion, and Confederate forces fired down on them Lincoln and McClellan 140. Lincoln 141. Henry Wirz 142. More than 1/3 of the 13,000 prisoners of war died at Andersonville 143. Wirz was put on trial and executed as a war criminal Elmira, New York % 146. Jefferson Davis 147. His son, Tad 148. Appomattox Court House, Virginia 149. Officers could keep side arms and personal possessions; Officers and men who owned horses could keep them, each man was allowed to return home President Lincoln was assassinated on April 14, John Wilkes Booth 152. Ford s Theater 153. Booth and his co-conspirators would not only assassinate President Lincoln, but they would also assassinate most of the executive branch of the US Government Lincoln was carried to the Peterson Boarding House across the street from Ford s. He died the next morning Booth was shot by Sergeant Boston Corbett 156. Davis was captured near Irwinville, Georgia 157. Lincoln was buried in Springfield, Illinois 158. They were hanged Approximately 620, The South lost nearly half of its wealth as a result of the war.