CLICK. "Look at Jackson standing there like a stone wall!" RED # = South BLUE # = North ORANGE # = No Win. Irvin McDowell.

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1 RED # = South BLUE # = North ORANGE # = No Win 1. Bull Run or ManassesJunction (21 July 1861): Union s McDowell attacks PGT Beauregard. Jackson earns the nickname Stonewall & forces the North to retreat to Washington DC. CLICK "Look at Jackson standing there like a stone wall!" Irvin McDowell Thomas J. Jackson PGT Beauregard

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3 2. Union blockades the South s 3550 miles of coastline. GOAL of the Blockade: To eliminate the South s ability to profit from the export of its goods to foreign nations (i.e. cotton). It also prevented the South from gaining supplies from foreign nations to be used in the war. Blockade Runner: used by the Confederate States of America to get goods & supplies into & out of the American South. My plan will cut the Confederates off from the rest of the world and lead to a United States victory Gen. W. Scott

4 3. Shiloh (February 1862): Confederate General Albert Sydney Johnston, who dies in this battle, stopped Grant s successful invasion of Tennessee in the West. Ended up a northern victory with Buell s reinforcements. Gen. PGT Beauregard Gen. A. S. Johnston The Hornets Nest or Sunken Road Pittsburg Landing Gen. D. C. Buell Gen. U. S. Grant

5 4. Ironclad Battle (March 1862): Confederate Merrimac & Union Monitor battle in the Chesapeake Bay. Battle allowed McClellan s union troops to advance toward Richmond, VA. CSS Virginia (Merrimack) USS Monitor The CSS Virginia sunk the USS Cumberland and the USS Congress before attempting to attack the USS Minnesota before returning to break for the day.

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7 5. New Orleans (April 1862): Union s David Farragut captured the port of Mississippi. This helped the North to secure the West. HDQRS. DEPARTMENT OF THE GULF New Orleans, May 15, As the officers and soldiers of the United States have been subject to repeated insults from the women (calling themselves ladies) of New Orleans in return for the most scrupulous non-interference and courtesy on our part, it is ordered that hereafter when any female shall by word, gesture, or movement insult or show contempt for any officer or soldier of the United States she shall be regarded and held liable to be treated as a woman of the town plying her avocation. By command of Major-General Butler: GEO. C. STRONG, Assistant Adjutant-General and Chief of Staff. Gen. David Farragut Gen. Ben. Butler

8 6. Seven Days or Pines (25 June-1 July 1862): Robert E. Lee stopped McClellan Union advance toward Richmond. It was followed by the battle of the second Bull Run or Manasses in August. McClellan CLICK Lee Seven Days Battle is the culmination of Lee s Peninsula Campaign; GOAL: to draw attention away from the Confederate capital of Richmond, VA. RESA Civil War (37:09) Part 1 Johnston May 31: Joseph E. Johnston is shot in the shoulder & chest: Lee took over command of the Army of N. Virginia for the REST of the war. Pope CLICK After the defeats of the Seven Days Battle McClellan was fired and Pope took over the command of the Army of the Potomac only to be removed quickly after the defeat at the Second Battle of Bull Run.

9 7. Antietam or Sharpsburg (17 Sept. 1862): For fear that Robert E. Lee could possibly march into Washington DC, McClellan s Union troops stopped the Confederate advance. Lincoln & McClellan Burnside Bridge CLICK Bloody Lane: Then & Now Allowed for Emancipation Proclamation Strength Army of Potomac 75,500 "present for duty" Army of N. Virginia 38,000 "engaged" Casualties and losses 12,401 (2,108 killed 9,540 wounded 753 captured/missing) 10,316 (1,546 killed 7,752 wounded 1,018 captured/missing

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11 8. Emancipation Proclamation (22 Sept. 1862): Antietam victory allowed President Lincoln to free the slaves & make the war a crusade. It was done to keep foreign countries out of the war & from helping the South. Lincoln first discussed the proclamation with his cabinet in July He believed he needed a Union victory on the battlefield so his decision would appear positive and strong. The Battle of Antietam, in which Union troops turned back a Confederate invasion of Maryland, gave him the opportunity to issue a preliminary proclamation on September 22, Lincoln had first shown an early draft of the proclamation to his Vice president Hannibal Hamlin,an ardent abolitionist, who was more often kept in the dark on presidential decisions. The final proclamation was issued January 1, 1863.

12 1989 Film titled Gloryis based upon the book One Gallant Rush. The regiment gained recognition on July 18, 1863, when it spearheaded an assault on Fort Wagner near Charleston, South Carolina. At this battle, Colonel Shaw was killed, along with 29 of his men, 24 more later died of wounds, 15 were captured, and 52 were missing in action and never accounted for, and 149 were wounded Colonel Robert Gould Shaw Sgt. William H. Carney Civil War Medal of Honor recipient The Storming of Fort Wagner in South Carolina

13 9. Abe s pressures & problems: Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War is formed; the Copperheads press him; creation of the nations draft; his son William Wallace Lincoln dies (Feb at the age of 12); his wife s subsequent mental problems; poor leadership skills by his Generals; the Trent Affair; the war is dragging on it s developing into a LONG WAR! Copperheads: Northern Democrats opposed to the War! The TrentAffair, also known as the Mason and Slidell Affair. US Congressional Committee that was responsible for investigating the management of the War; led by the Radical Republicans. The New York Draft Riots(July 13 to July 16, 1863; known at the time as Draft Week) were violent disturbances in New York City that were the culmination of discontent with new laws passed by Congress to draft men to fight in the ongoing American Civil War.

14 10. Fredericksburg (Dec. 1862): The Union s A. Burnside was fired, Southern victory. Flotilla s (pontoon bridges) to cross the Rappahannock River Gen. Ambrose Burnside Army of the Potomac (approx. 114,000 engaged) Strength Casualties and losses Army of Northern Virginia (approx. 72,500 engaged) 12,653 (1,284 killed 5,377(608 killed 9,600 wounded 4,116 wounded 1,769 captured/missing) 653 captured/missing)

15 11. Chancellorsville (May 1863): Confederate General Stonewall Jackson was killed in this Southern victory & Robert E. Lee moves further North. Strength Army of Potomac 133,868 Army of N. Virginia 60,892 17,197 (1,606 killed, 9,672 wounded, 5,919 missing) Casualties and losses 13,303 (1,665 killed, 9,081 wounded, 2,018 missing) I fear I have lost my right arm Gen. R. E. Lee Gen. Joseph Hooker Upon learning of the death of Stonewall Lee said Gen. Thomas Jackson

16 12. Vicksburg (19 May-July 1863): Ulysses S. Grant wins total victory & control of the Mississippi, winning the West. Siege of the town of Vicks- Burg; Ended July 4. Strength North 77,000 South 33,000 4,835 Gen. U. S. Grant Casualties and losses 3,202 Killed or Wounded 29,495 Captured Lt. Gen. John C. Pemberton "Whistling Dick; a banded and rifled 18-pounder Confederate siege and garrison weapon; common at Vicksburg.

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18 13. Gettysburg (1-3 July 1863): Robert E. Lee attempts to cut off Washington DC from the North, he takes the initiative, but fails & Union General Meade is victorious. Army of the Potomac 93,921 23,055(3,155 killed 14,531 wounded 5,369 captured/missing) Strength Army of Northern Virginia 71,699 Casualties and losses 23,231(4,708 killed 12,693 wounded 5,830 captured/missing Gen. Gordon Meade Gen. Robert E. Lee

19 Gettysburg, The Turning Point! Battle Overview: General Robert E. Lee drove his Confederate troops into the North (Pennsylvania s town of Gettysburg). Lee was attempting to get Grant s troops out of Vicksburg, gain a military victory in the North in an attempt to get some European Powers to aid the South in the war. Lee was also attempting to cut off the Union s capital, Washington DC, from the rest of the North. A three-day battle ensued in which the original strategies of the two armies changed and proved to be costly for the Confederacy. Day 1 (1 July 1863): Northern troops led by Meade secure positions on a rocky area outside the town of Gettysburg, known as the ridge. Day 2 (2 July 1863): Lee takes the offensive. He attacks to the right in an attempt to flank the Union troops. Colonel Josuah Chamberlain who led the regiment of the 20th Maine stopped the Confederate s offensive. He held the high ground and the flank of the Union army using a sweeping gate technique. Day 3 (3 July 1863): Lee took the offensive again. Lee believed the North would weaken the middle of the line & reinforce his flanks. Therefore, Lee ordered a Confederate charge, known as Picket s Charge, at the direct middle of the Unoin s line. The charge lasted for more than 3 hours consisting of 15,000 Confederate troops & resulted in over 9000 dead. Results: Union 3000 dead (20,000 wounded) & South 12,000 dead (18,000).

20 Col. Joshua Chamberlain Gen. Abner Doubleday Lt. Gen. A.P. Hill Gen. John Bell Hood Maj. Gen. George Pickett

21 SCORE is 20 Refers to 87 years ago 1776! Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth, upon this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived, and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met here on a great battlefield of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of it as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. But in a larger sense we can not dedicate - we can not consecrate - we can not hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled, here, have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember, what we say here, but can never forget what they did here. It is for us, the living, rather to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they have, thus far, so nobly carried on. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us - that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they here gave the last full measure of devotion - that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain; that this nation shall have a new birth of freedom; and that this government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth. 14. Gettysburg Address (19 Nov. 1863): A famous speech by A. Lincoln who dedicated a cemetery & stated that the men sacrificed their lives to uphold democracy in the United States.

22 15. Atlanta Campaign ( ): Union General WT Sherman used total war as he marched from Chattanooga to Atlanta then to Savannah. These victories helped to get Lincoln reelected in Gen. W. T. Sherman Chattanooga, TN Atlanta, GA Savannah, GA

23 16. Election of 1864: Lincoln was reelected as a National Union Party candidate defeating former General McClellan. Johnson was a Senator from Tennessee & was the ONLY one NOT to quit upon secession; He was a known War Democrat and a supporter of Lincoln throughout the War. Nominee Abraham Lincoln George B. McClellan Party National Union Party (National Republican) Democratic Home state Illinois New Jersey Running mate Andrew Johnson George Hunt Pendleton Electoral vote States carried 22 3 McClellan Popular vote 2,218,388 1,812,807 Percentage 55.0% 45.0% Lincoln

24 17. Wilderness Campaign : Lee is pursued by Grant Overland Campaign 1864: Wilderness May (5-7) Spotsylvania Courthouse (May 8-21) Yellow Tavern (May 11) Meadow Bridge (May 12) Wilson s Wharf (May 24) North Anna (May 23-26) Haws Shop (May 28) TotopotomoyCreek (May 28 30) Old Church (May 30) Cold Harbor (May 31 June 120 TrevilianStation (June 11 12) Saint Mary's Church (June 24) Strength North 101,895 South 61,025 17,666 (2,246 killed 12,037 wounded 3,383 captured/missing) Casualties and losses 11,125 (1,495 killed 7,928 wounded 1,702 captured/missing Remnants of the Wilderness Battles

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26 18. Appomattox Courthouse (9 April 1865): General Robert E. Lee surrenders his Southern army to US Grant ending the Civil War. Appomattox Courthouse in 1865 Parlor of the (reconstructed) McLean House, the site of Confederate General Robert E. Lee's surrender. Lee sat at the marble-topped table on the left, Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant at the table on the right. Grant Lee RESA Civil War (Part 2 is 30 min start at counter #37:08)