The American Civil War
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1 The American Civil War
2 Lincoln s First Inauguration March 4, 1861
3 Confederates Took Fort Sumter April 4, 1861
4 Confederates Took Fort Sumter April 4, 1861
5 Lincoln Calls For Volunteers April 14, 1861
6 VIRGINIA SECEDED APRIL 17, 1861
7 Three More States Seceded Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina West VA seceded from VA Border States Maryland, Missouri, Kentucky, and Delaware Slave states that remained in the Union
8
9 Resources of Each Side Northern 21 states Over 21 million people Superior manufacturing and food production 2/3 of country s railroad mileage Superior Civilian Leadership Southern 11 states 9 million people 4 million were slaves Defending own soil Superior Military Leadership More accustomed to guns and horses Cotton
10 Marching to Manassas July 18, st battle Bull Run (Manassas) people from DC came in carriages and had picnics to watch the fight
11 Battle of Bull Run (Manassas) Union 30,000 troops Confederates 20,000
12 First Battle of Bull Run First Manassas July 21, 1861 Attempt to capture Richmond Union met with resistance at Bull Run Creek Union had initial advantage Confederate forces led by Thomas Jackson turned the tide Stonewall Union Army forced to retreat back to Washington
13 Stonewall Jackson General Thomas Jackson CSA gets nickname Stonewall His troops held their position while southern army retreated Inspired Confederate soldiers to keep fighting
14 Rebel Yell Southerners counter attacked with rebel yell drove back Yanks Union line broken and retreat South did not chase
15 Effects of the First Battle of Bull Run
16 Effects of the First Battle of Bull Run Taught north it would be a long fight Lincoln call up 1 million man army Southerners felt more confident
17 Effects of the First Battle of Bull Run McClellan made General of the Northern Army
18 The Anaconda Plan Three Pronged Union Strategy Capture Richmond Blockade the Confederacy Divide the Confederacy
19 Union Generals General McDowell Fired after defeat at Bull Run
20 Union Generals General McClellan Replaces McDowell
21 As war continued blockade became more effective Naval War Union blockaded the South
22 South developed fleet of blockade runners to try to continue trade
23 USS Monitor vs. CSS Virginia (Merrimack) Both were iron clad ships
24 USS Monitor vs. CSS Virginia (Merrimack) Both were iron clad ships
25 First fight ever between iron ships Battle was a draw
26 First fight ever between iron ships Marks the beginning of modern naval warfare
27 Eastern Front South controlled Shenandoah Valley
28 Peninsula Campaign McClellan (Union) led several campaigns to attack Richmond Was very cautious with his plans
29 General Robert E Lee used JEB Stuart to lead cavalry to stop McClellan Confederates win Seven Days Battle
30 Lee defeated Union Army at 2 nd Battle of Bull Run Puts Confederates close to Washington DC
31 Lee s Invasion of North
32 Goals of Lee s Invasion Force Lincoln to talk peace Farmers get to harvest food in VA Show Europe South can win South need Europe for military and financial support Lee s Invasion of North
33 Lee plans to attack Sharpsburg, Maryland North discovers Lee s plan and launches a surprise attack against the Confederates
34 Battle of Antietam (Sharpsburg) North and South fight all day
35 Antietam One of the Bloodiest battles of the war 23,000 killed or wounded
36 Antietam One of the Bloodiest battles of the war 23,000 killed or wounded McClellan (Union) allows Lee and Confederates to escape following the battle
37 Union Generals General McClellan Fired after Antietam for not pursuing Lee
38 Union Generals General Burnside Replaces McClellan
39 Effects of Antietam Europe does not ally with CSA Lincoln originally fought war only to preserve the Union After Antietam Lincoln decides to issue Emancipation Proclamation
40 Emancipation Proclamation Frees all slaves in REBELLING states on January 1, 1863 Old South will be destroyed and replaced with new values
41 Emancipation Proclamation Why does Lincoln free slaves in South not the North?
42 Emancipation Proclamation Why does Lincoln free slaves in South not the North? Freeing slaves in South seen as military action As Commander in Chief (head of military) Lincoln can take military actions
43 Emancipation Proclamation Why does Lincoln free slaves in South not the North? Freeing slaves in South seen as military action Can t free slaves in north because of Constitution As Commander in Chief (head of military) Lincoln can take military actions Government can t take property without due process Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky, Missouri might secede
44 Black Americans Join Up Emancipation Proclamation also allows blacks into US Army Fought under white commanders and had unequal pay and duties Used them for support work 54 th Massachusetts Glory
45 Black Americans Join Up Emancipation Proclamation also allows blacks into US Army Fought under white commanders and had unequal pay and duties Used them for support work 54 th Massachusetts Glory
46 Black Americans Join Up Emancipation Proclamation also allows blacks into US Army Fought under white commanders and had unequal pay and duties Used them for support work 54 th Massachusetts Glory
47 Western Front
48 Union Army based in Cairo Illinois Mississippi River Ohio River
49 Union Army based in Cairo Illinois Union is able to get control over rivers that lead into South
50 War in the West General Grant Western Commander US Army
51 War in the West Fort Donelson Fort Henry Victories give US control over Cumberland and Tennessee Rivers Gets US access to Deep South
52 Battle of Shiloh 52,000 Union Soldiers 41,000 Confederate Soldiers
53 Battle of Shiloh - Dead 13,000 Union Soldiers 11,000 Confederate Soldiers General Johnston (CSA) killed Beauregard takes over Union wins on counter attack by Grant
54 Admiral Farragut (USA) takes New Orleans Gives control of Mississippi River to Union except for Vicksburg Mississippi
55 General McClellan Union Generals General Burnside General Hooker Fired after Antietam for not pursuing Lee Fired after Fredericksburg for losing to Lee Fired after Chancellorsville for losing to Lee
56 General McClellan Union Generals General Burnside General Hooker Fired after Antietam for not pursuing Lee Fired after Fredericksburg for losing to Lee General Meade given control of Union Army Fired after Chancellorsville for losing to Lee
57 Summer 1863 Lee goes north again --- Out of supplies --- Wanted to force peace Blue Ridge Mountains
58 Heth Confederates attack Buford s Cavalry at Cemetery Hill near Gettysburg Buford Pender
59 Heth Confederates attack Buford s Cavalry at Cemetery Hill near Gettysburg Buford Pender Buford holds off superior CSA forces until Union reinforcements arrive
60 Armies compete for control of high grounds Little and Big Round Top become major objectives
61 Armies compete for control of high grounds Little and Big Round Top become major objectives
62 Pickett s Charge 15,000 Confederate soldiers attack Union positions Confederates make it to Ridge, but are driven back
63 Gettysburg marks the high water point of the Confederacy Gettysburg is the turning point of the Civil War Confederates never go on the offensive again
64 Gettysburg marks the high water point of the Confederacy Gettysburg is the turning point of the Civil War Confederates never go on the offensive again Meade does not pursue Lee
65
66 Gettysburg Address Lincoln gives speech at dedication of a military cemetery in Gettysburg States that the Union is fighting to save democracy for the World
67 Gettysburg Address It is for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain --- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom --- and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth
68 Battle of Vicksburg Union wanted to divide South at Mississippi River Union had total control except Vicksburg MS and New Orleans
69 Battle of Vicksburg Ulysses Grant led Union attack against Vicksburg from river and land
70 Battle of Vicksburg Grant wins and gets complete control of Mississippi for Union
71 Civil War Battle Hospital 220,000 die from disease in North Didn t have antiseptics (anti germ drugs) or anesthetics (pain killers) Doctors would perform surgery without anesthetics
72 Women in the War Women joined to cook and take care of men Women passed as men to fight in the war Women served as nurses Worked farms and businesses at home
73 Clara Barton Served as a nurse during war Created aid society to support soldiers
74 Elizabeth Blackwell Created Soldiers Aid Society Inspected health conditions of hospitals in war
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