Brief to MSR Roundtable 26 April 2016 CDRe Arian Minderhoud, NLD N Deputy Chief of Staff Operations Allied Maritime Command NATO

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1 Maritime Security Regime Brief to MSR Roundtable 26 April 2016 CDRe Arian Minderhoud, NLD N Deputy Chief of Staff Operations Allied Maritime Command NATO

2 Agenda HQ MARCOM responsibilities on NATO MSA NATO MSA Challenges NATO MSA Concept MSA Reporting Plan (MRP) MSA Network Global MSA Challenges/Conclusions

3 MARCOM responsibilities on NATO MSA HQ MARCOM As the unique NATO Surveillance Coordination Centre HQ MARCOM is the NATO centre for MSA and responsible, on behalf of whole NATO, to build-up and provide a continuous enhanced MSA for NATO Area of Responsibility HQ MARCOM MOC NSC Primary point of contact in NATO with the broader maritime community, including the commercial maritime shipping organisations/ agencies. NMICC HQ MARCOM Coordinate NATO/national Intel/surveillance efforts and is a means where NATO Commanders may request intelligence/ surveillance assistance from nations to meet their surveillance requirements COMMARAIR Coordinates tasking for maritime air assets under NATO OPCON, in principle based on internal and joint level information requirements COMSUBNATO Is the NATO Submarine Operating Authority (SUBOPAUTH) tasking Subs and coordinating with other NATO commands and national authorities UNITS UNDER NATO OPCON ASSOCIATED SUPPORT UNITS NATIONAL/PARTNER MOCs

4 NATO MSA Challenges 2013 Transition from 2 MCCs to HQ MARCOM (each MCC commanding one operation: OAE Naples; OOS Northwood) Different guidance, criteria, reporting templates, etc Lack of guidance on some important subjects MARCOM affirmation on new NATO environment Lack of Global AIS feed Lack of MSA Network (with non-nato/military organizations/agencies) Solution (standardization and ownership) MARCOM NATO-wide MSA Direction and Guidance (interim solution before promulgation of NATO standard operational/tactical doctrine). Common MSA Reporting Plan (standard criteria, templates, procedures) Operational Guidance on: NATO Ships Encountering Vessels Carrying Migrants Combating Human Trafficking at Sea Detention on-board NATO Ships MSA Approaches Continuous contact with National/Partner MOCs Global AIS feed (SEP16) MSA network (on-going)

5 NATO MSA Concept OBSERVE UNCLAS SOURCES OPEN SOURCES MARCOM CONTRACTED SOURCES CLASSIFIED SOURCES NATIONAL/ PARTNER MOCs FUSE & ANALYSE WEB MAP APPS ANALYSIS TOOLS PREDICTIVE TOOLS DECIDE OTHERS ACT

6 MSA Reporting Plan - Criteria Maritime Situations (MS)/Pre-Planned Responses (PPR) 13 MS identify the most likely main events to be encountered at sea. For each MS are several PPR to be executed Maritime Situation Indicators (MSI) List of 54 specific behaviours used as criteria for ID suspicious behaviour A vessel with an aggregate suspicious behaviour score above specific threshold classified as suspect Where the score is above a higher threshold the vessel is a candidate for boarding Boarding Behaviour Indicators (BBI) List of 16 specific indicators observed during a boarding that could support the follow-on decision COI/CCOI/VOCI candidate Diversion Cleared Shadow MS DESCRIPTION PRE-PLANNED RESPONSES Report immediately to appropriate command sending a TERRORIST LOCATOR formatted message. ATTACK OR FP measures implemented. 01 SUPPORTING Tracking, monitoring and reporting of OPFOR is maintained ACTIVITY IN UNODIR by CTF/MARCOM (or respective National Authorities) PROGRESS 13 OTHER SPECIFIC MS Report immediately to appropriate command sending a GOLD msg If CO decides to conduct a MSAV a hail/query is to be conducted MSI DESCRIPTION POINT S 1 Refusal to grant permission for a compliant boarding. X 2 Vessel not responding to hails, providing non-cooperative responses to hails or replies which contain suspicious information. X 3 Any activity overt or covert, as well barriers, to prevent boardings. X 4 Vessel placing floating packages over the side for apparent retrieval by other boats or vessels. X 5 Two or more vessels dead in the water in close proximity. X X 54 Fishing vessel outfitted with unusual number of antennas or aerials. X BBI 1 DESCRIPTION Personnel on board not listed in crew manifest, passenger list or other supporting documents. 16 Excessively unsanitary conditions.

7 MSA Reporting Plan Conduct MSAA Update MSA DB Conduct MSAA Monitor Shadow Inform next coastal state Update MSA DB Conduct Boarding HQ MARCOM NO NO NO YES MSA Criteria are met? YES Reporting Is the vessel suspect? YES Is the vessel candidate for Boarding? YES Political Legal Operational Criteria are met? Observation/ Hail & Query INTEL DRIVEN HQ MARCOM

8 MSA Network LLOYD s INTEL DB MCCIS TDL MSSIS SEMARCOMM+ AIS/S-AIS MSLAN JCHAT Sensor LRIT Network (technology, people, processes) International Organizations Open Sources TMOU Law Enforcement Agencies Port Visits Non-Sensor Med Dialogue Countries Non-NATO Countries MSA Approaches Boardings NATO/National Commands, Agencies, Centres Non- Government Organizations Maritime Industry PfP Nations

9 Non-Sensor MSA Network (Sensor and Non-Sensor Linkage) 1-MARCOM received INTREP from ROM 2-MARCOM requested reporting from AS 3-ITS SAN MARCO conducted hailing on MV. NSC contacted Marseille Port Authorities (NPOC) 4-MARCOM requested to SHAPE flag-state consent for cooperative boarding 7-Marseille Port Authorities conducted inspection (NSTR) Network 4 Sensor 3 3-ITS SAN MARCO detected MV 4-MV tracked by ITA MPH and ITA coastal AIS/VTS 5/6-MV tracked by FR/ITA coastal AIS/VTS 1 2 MV TYCHY (Panama flagged) suspect of transporting illegal small arms

10 Challenges of Global MSA

11 Challenges of Global MSA/Conclusions Different Principles, Criteria, Norms, Formats, Protocols Standardization and Ownership It includes agreement upon main areas of interest (e.g. terrorism, piracy, irregular migration, narcotics, etc.) Unique driven leadership is required (e.g. IMO) Selection of Critical Information Standardized MSA Reporting Plan/criteria provides I&W of what is not normal Information Management Hub-system (cloud-kind). Just share (pull/push) critical data/info (who and what, not why) Global Hub-System Regional Regime Multi-national Regime National Regime National Regime National Regime Interface (if required)

12 Challenges of Global MSA/Conclusions Information sharing Mind-set change From need-to-know to obliged-to-share Sharing data/information is not the same of sharing intelligence INFORMATION (e.g. Background) DATA (e.g. AIS) ANALYSIS/ ASSESSMENT INTEL ACTIONABLE INFO INFORMATION (e.g. Suspicious) DATA (e.g. Behaviour) sharable NOT CLASSIFIED CLASSIFIED Limited commitment/willingness to contribute Create a maritime awareness information exchange requirements matrix (who needs what or/and who can provide what) All-for-all benefit What is not important for me could be important for others

13 Discussion