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7 ... /25 1. Choobineh A, Mouoodi MA. (In translation) Human, anthropometry, ergonomics and design.phisnet S. Tehran: NashreMarkaz; 1996: 4.[Persian] 2. Fadavi A. Ergonomics and productivity, Tadbir J. 1998; 86(56): [Persian] 3. Shahnavaz, H., Workplace injuries in the developing countries. Ergonomics, (2): Maul I, Läubli T, Klipstein A, Krueger H. Course of low back pain among nurses: a longitudinal study across eight years. Occup Environ Med Jul; 60(7): Bernard BP. Musculoskeletal disorders and workplace factors: a critical review of epidemiologic evidence for work-related musculoskeletal disorders of the neck, upper extremity, and low back. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Weiser S. Psychosocial aspects of occupational musculoskeletal disorders. Musculoskeletal Disorders in the Workplace: Principles and Practice. New York; CV Mosby Co: Menzel NN. Back pain prevalence in nursing personnel: measurement issues. AAOHN J Feb; 52(2): Nussbaum MA, Torres N. Effects of training in modifying working methods during common patient-handling activities. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics. 2001; 27(1): Nelson A, Lloyd JD, Menzel N, Gross C. Preventing nursing back injuries.aaohn J Mar;51(3): Malone RE. Ergonomics, policy, and the ED nurse. J EmergNurs Oct; 26(5): Engels JA, Landeweerd JA, Kant Y. An OWAS-based analysis of nurses' working postures. Ergonomics May; 37(5): Menzel NN, Brooks SM, Bernard TE, Nelson A. The physical workload of nursing personnel: association with musculoskeletal discomfort. Int J Nurs Stud Nov; 41(8): MosadeghradAM.Relationship between nurses knowledge about ergonomy and their job injuries.journal of ShahrekordUuniversity of Medical Sciences. 2004; 6(3): [Persian] 14. A direct observation instrument for assessment of nurses' Patient transfer technique (DINO). Applied ergonomics, (6): Hellsing AL, Linton SJ, Andershed B, Bergman C, LiewM.Ergonomic education for nursing students. Int J Nurs Stud Dec; 30(6): Lagerström M, Josephsona M, Pingelb B, Tjernströmc G, HagbergaM.Evaluation of the implementation of an education and training programme for nursing personnel at a hospital in Sweden. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, (1): Evanoff B, Wolf L, Aton E, Canos J, Collins J. Reduction in injury rates in nursing personnel through introduction of mechanical lifts in the workplace. Am J Ind Med Nov; 44(5): Owen BD, Keene K, Olson S. An ergonomic approach to reducing back/shoulder stress in hospital nursing personnel: a five year follow up. Int J Nurs Stud Mar; 39(3): Owen BD. Preventing injuries using an ergonomic approach.aorn J Dec; 72(6): Collins JW, Wolf L, Bell J, Evanoff B. An evaluation of a best practices musculoskeletal injury prevention program in nursing homes. Inj Prev Aug; 10(4): Burton, A.K., et al., Is ergonomic intervention alone sufficient to limit musculoskeletal problems in nurses? Occupational Medicine, (1): Burton AK, Symonds TL, Zinzen E, Tillotson KM, Caboor D, Van Roy P, et al. Work related risk factors for musculoskeletal complaints in the nursing profession: results of a questionnaire survey.occup Med (Lond) Jan; 47(1): Choobineh A, Rajaeefard AR, Neghab M. Perceived demands and musculoskeletal disorders among hospital nurses.hakim Research Journal. 2007; 10(2): [Persian] 24. Sharifnia SM, Haghdoost AK, Hajihosseini F, Hojjati H. Relationship between the musculoskeletal disorders with the ergonomic factors in nurses. Koomesh.2011; 12(4): [Persian] V0