World War II - Final

Transcription

1 World War II - Final

2 Attack on Midway Island An attack on Midway Island the last American base in the North Pacific west of Hawaii was planned to lure the American fleet into battle to be destroyed by the Japanese This would cut American supply lines to Australia The plan failed because the United States had a team of code breakers based in Hawaii that broke the Japanese Navy s secret code for conducting operations

3 The Turning Point The turning point in the war came during the Battle of Midway when Americans shot down 38 Japanese planes and destroyed four Japanese carriers This stopped the Japanese advance into the Pacific Iwo Jima another turning point, US victory important because US Could fly to Japan without stopping allowed for bombing. U.S. won 26,800 Japanese troops died 6,000 U.S. Marines died

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5 North Africa In July 1942, Roosevelt ordered the invasion of Morocco and Algeria French territories indirectly under Germany control On November 8, 1942, the American invasion of North Africa began under the command of General Dwight D. Eisenhower General George Patton led the American forces in Morocco and captured the city of Casablanca On May 13, 1943, German forces in North Africa surrendered

6 Battle of Stalingrad Hitler wanted to defeat the Soviets by destroying their economy So he ordered his army to capture oil fields, industries, and farmlands vital to the Soviet economy The Germans tried to capture Stalingrad, but the Soviets held their ground The Battle of Stalingrad was a turning point in the war because it put the Germans on the defensive

7 D-Day Operation Overlord was the code name for the planned invasion of France by the Allies General Eisenhower was selected to command the invasion The Allies had the advantage of surprise the Germans did not know when or where they would strike The invasion of Normandy began shortly after midnight on June 6, 1944 The Allied forces had little trouble capturing Utah Beach and moving inland

8 Omaha Beach The American forces at Omaha Beach met intense German fire American commander General Omar Bradley planned an evacuation of Omaha Beach, but the American troops moved forward against the Germans The invasion succeeded

9 Focus Questions What was the importance of the U.S. success at Midway Island? Explain why having control of Iwo Jima was important for the U.S. Why was the U.S. success in North Africa important? Explain the significance of the Battle of Stalingrad. What was Operation Overlord? Explain the significance of D-Day. What was V.E. Day and when did it take place?

10 Hitler Kills Himself The United States won the battle and on January 8, Germans withdrew with little left to stop the Allies from entering Germany The Ludendorf Bridge across the Rhine River was still intact, allowing American troops to cross and force the German defenders back Adolf Hitler, realizing the end was near, killed himself

11 V-E Day His successor, Grand Admiral Karl Doenitz tried to surrender to the Americans and the British while still fighting the Soviets, but he was forced to unconditionally surrender on May 7, 1945 The next day was proclaimed V-E Day, for Victory in Europe

12 Nuremberg Trials International tribunal court tried Nazi officials Over 23 nations tried Nazi war criminals in Nuremberg, Germany 12 of the 22 defendants were sentenced to death 200 other officials were found guilty, but give lesser sentences

13 The Manhattan Project President Roosevelt died a month before the defeat of Germany. Vice President Harry S Truman became president The American program to build an atomic bomb was code-named the Manhattan Project and was headed by General Leslie R. Groves On July 16, 1945, the first atomic bomb was detonated near Alamogordo, New Mexico

14 Atomic Bomb On August 6, 1945, an atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, one of Japan s important industrial cities Truman elected to do so in order to save U.S. Soldiers lives. Tens of thousands of people died instantly, and thousands more died later from burns and radiation sickness

15 V-J Day On August 9, the Soviet Union declared war on Japan That same day, the United States dropped an atomic bomb on Nagasaki, killing between 35,000 and 74,000 people On V-J Day, for Victory in Japan August 15, 1945 Japan surrendered The war ended

16 Out of the depression The U.S. economy began to recover during WW II. When the war was over, it was obvious the U.S. was prospering once again suburbs were growing and people were buying more stuff again (Consumerism). The baby boom began.

17 Focus Questions What were the Nuremburg Trials? Explain the impact of the Manhattan Project. How did the U.S. get Japan to surrender? How did WW II help the U.S. get out of the Great Depression? What was the major social change after WW II?

18 Annotated Timeline Activity Construct a timeline detailing WW II from start to end. The timeline must have a brief description of each event mentioned 20 items/events needed.