Afghanistan Index. Tracking Variables of Reconstruction & Security in Post-9/11 Afghanistan

Transcription

1 Afghanistan Index Tracking Variables of Reconstruction & Security in Post-9/ Afghanistan Ian S. Livingston, Heather L. Messera, and Michael O Hanlon 29, 2 Brookings Tracks Reconstruction and Security in Afghanistan, Iraq and Pakistan Afghanistan Index» Iraq Index» Pakistan Index»

2 Security Indicators TABLE OF CONTENTS. Estimated Number of Afghan Civilian Fatalities as a Direct Result of Fighting Between Pro-Government Forces and Armed Opposition Groups (AOG), Estimated Total Afghan Civilian Casualties by Month, 27-Present 5.3 Detail of Estimated 28 Afghan Civilian Fatalities, by Incident Type 5.4 U.S. and Coalition Troop Fatalities since 7, 2 UPDATED Cause of Death for U.S. Troops UPDATED American Military Fatalities by Category, 7, 2-29 UPDATED U.S. Troops Wounded in Action since 7, 2 UPDATED British Military Fatalities in Afghanistan since 26 UPDATED Canadian Military Fatalities in Afghanistan since 26 UPDATED Non-US Coalition Troop Fatalities by Country since 2 UPDATED Proportion of Annual U.S. and Coalition Fatalities by Various Causes UPDATED Afghan National Army (ANA) and Afghan National Police (ANP) Personnel Fatalities, January 27-Present.3 American Troops Deployed to Afghanistan UPDATED Troops Committed to NATO s International Security Assistance Mission (ISAF) by Country UPDATED Total NATO-ISAF Manpower by Regional Command, Since 26 UPDATED Size of Afghan Security Forces on Duty UPDATED Annual Growth of Afghan National Army (ANA), by Number of Troops, 23-Present UPDATED Annual Recruitment Figures for Afghan National Army (ANA) 2.9 Number of Private Contractors in Afghanistan, 28 and 29 NEW Private Contractor Deaths in Afghanistan, 2 through 29 NEW Private Contractors Training the Afghan National Army 3.22 Capability Milestone (CM) Assessment of Afghan National Army (ANA) Units and Headquarters 4.23 Detailed Breakdown of Afghan Ministry of Interior Forces 4.24 Defense Assessment of Afghan National Police (ANP) Capabilities 5.25 Recruitment Figures for the Various Programs of the Afghan National Police (ANP), Number of U.S. and NATO Teams/Personnel Required and Assigned to Train and Mentor Afghan National Security Forces (ANSF) 6.27 U.S. Departments of Defense and State Support to Train and Equip the Afghan Army and Police, Fiscal Years Appropriated U.S. Funding for Afghanistan Government and Development by Agency, FY 2-FY Percentage of Close Air Support (CAS) Missions in Afghanistan Going Kinetic 8.3 Number of U.S. Forward Operating Bases (FOBs) in Afghanistan 8.3 Indicators for Measuring Progress in Afghanistan, Developed by David Kilcullen 8.32 Suicide Bombings in Afghanistan, 27 & Attacks against Schools in Afghanistan, Number of Insurgent Attacks by Month and Type, January Number of Improvised Explosive Device (IED) Events by Month, Comparison of Improvised Explosive Device (IED) Events by Province and Regional Command (RC), Weeks - 22 (January thru Late ), 28 and U.S. Provincial Reconstruction Team (PRT) Authorized/On Hand Staffing by Location 2.38 Country Leadership and Location of Non-U.S. PRT s 2.39 Estimated Number of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) 22.4 Afghan Families Registered Displaced by Operation Moshtarak in Helmand Province 22.4 Estimated Number of Afghan Refugees in the Region by Location Afghan Refugees Voluntarily Repatriated by Country,

3 .43 Number of Afghan Asylum Applications, 2 through 29 NEW Governance and Rule of Law Indicators 2. Afghanistan Population and Demographic Information Size, Gender, and ethnic Makeup of Afghanistan s Main Legislative Bodies Prison Population in Afghanistan, NEW Where Afghans Choose to Take Different Types of Legal Cases Highest Level Degree Acquired by Judges Responding to a Random Survey Access to Legal Resources for Judges Responding to a Random Survey Annual Poppy Cultivation in Afghanistan (Hectares) and Percentage of Global Cultivation, Annual Opium Production in Afghanistan (Metric Tons) and Percentage of Global Production, Opium Poppy Cultivation Levels in Afghanistan (with Top-Producing Provinces), Snapshot Comparison of Afghanistan s Top Opium-Producing Provinces, Based on Amount of Land Devoted to Cultivation, 24 & Monthly Farm-Gate Cost of Dry Opium Since September 24 (US$/KG) Afghanistan s Rank in Reporters Without Borders Index of Press Freedom, Journalists Killed in Afghanistan Since 992 NEW Afghanistan s Rank in Transparency International s Annual Corruption Perceptions Index 3 3 Economic and Quality of Life Indicators 3. Annual Inflation Nominal GDP (Total and Growth), GDP Growth and Sector Contributions to Growth, Annual Production of Major Agricultural Produce, by Planting Season Value of Exported Afghan Agricultural Produce, Breakdown of Afghan Annual Budget (Core vs. External), FY 25/26 thru 28/ Comparison of Electricity Supply Sources and Capacity: 979, 22, 27 and Estimated Number of Telephone Users in Afghanistan by Year, 22-2 UPDATED Estimated Percentage of Afghans with Access to Water/Sanitation Facilities Education Metrics Deposits in Commercial Banks in Afghanistan, 28 and 29 NEW Poverty Levels, Foreign Aid Pledged, Committed and Disbursed, Annual Value of Imports and Exports, with Top Trade Partners, Microfinance Clients, Borrowers and Loan Amounts Healthcare Metrics 36 4 Polling and Public Opinion Afghanistan Public Opinion Survey (International Republican Institute) Afghanistan: Where Things Stand (ABC News/BBC/ARD) Afghanistan in 29: A Survey of the Afghan People (Asia Foundation) 43 5 Afghanistan Research 5. Additional Sources of Information on Afghanistan 44 For more information please contact Ian Livingston at ilivingston@brookings.edu 3

4 FIGURE. Estimated Number of Afghan Civilian Fatalities as a Direct Result of Fighting Between Pro-Government Forces and Armed Opposition Groups (AOG), Note on the Methodology of the Afghanistan Index: Although the footnotes to the Afghanistan Index document our sources in detail, it is worth noting here a few broad points. The majority of our information comes from the U.S. Government, though we must often analyze it and process it further to show trends over the full period since 2. Some information comes from foreign journalists on the ground and from nongovernmental organizations; a very modest amount to date comes from Afghan sources. Most tables and charts are straightforward representations of data as we obtain it from the above primary sources, with only modest further analysis and processing required. However, a few graphics, such as those on crime and unemployment rates, require more methodological work (and more assumptions) on our part and are as a result also perhaps somewhat less precise than most of the tables and charts.. SECURITY INDICATORS 2 5 Non-Attributable AOG Pro-Government *THRU DECEMBER FIGURES IN DETAIL TOTAL 929,523 2,8 2,259 Attributed to: Pro-Government Forces 23 (25%) 629 (4%) 828 (39%) 544 (24%) Armed Opposition Groups 699 (75%) 7 (46%),6 (55%),556 (69%) Could not be attributed 94 (3%) 3 (6%) 59 (7%) NOTE: Pro-Government Forces (PGF) include Afghan Government and all international forces. Figures from 26 are from Human Rights Watch. Subsequent figures provided by UN Assistance Mission for Afghanistan. HRW s estimate for 27 was,633 total such civilian fatalities, with 434 (27%) attributable to PGF and 95 (58%) attributable to AGE. Non-attributable deaths refer to those caused by such things as crossfire, mines and any other violence not directly connected to a conflicting party. 4

5 FIGURE.2 Estimated Total Afghan Civilian Fatalities by Month, 27 to Present January February June August September December FIGURE.3 Detail of Estimated 28 Afghan Civilian Fatalities, By Incident Type 3 Other Incidents 25% Executions by AGE* 3% Suicide & IED Attacks by AGE* 34% Air Strikes by Pro-Gov't Forces 26% Escalation of Force by Pro-Gov't Forces 2% *AGE= Anti-Government Entities (i.e. Taliban and other insurgents) NOTE: Percentages based on an estimate of 2,8 total civilian fatalities in 28. 5

6 FIGURE.4 U.S. and Coalition Troop Fatalities since 7, January January January January 25 January 26 January 27 January 28 Total from 7, 2 through 28, 2: ALL FATALITIES HOSTILE NON-HOSTILE U.S., Non-U.S TOTAL,73, January January Non-U.S. U.S. Indicates the start of a new calendar year FIGURE.5 Cause of Death for U.S. Troops, By Year 5 Year Improvised Explosive Device Suicide Bombs Mortars/RPG s/ Rockets Landmine 6 Helicopter Losses* Aircraft Losses* Other Hostile Fire Non- Hostile Causes* 2 (%) (%) (%) (%) 2 (6.7%) (%) 4 (33.3%) 6 (5.%) (.2%) (%) (2.%) (2.%) 4 (8.2%) 8 (36.7%) 2 (24.5%) 8 (6.3%) (2.%) (%) (%) (%) 9 (39.6%) (%) 2 (25.%) 6 (33.3%) (23.%) (%) (.9%) (.9%) 2 (3.8%) 3 (5.8%) (9.2%) 23 (44.2%) (8.2%) (%) 2 (2.%) 5 (5.%) 36 (36.4%) (.%) 2 (2.2%) 7 (7.2%) (27.6%) 3 (3.%) (.%) (.%) 2 (2.4%) (%) 33 (33.7%) 2 (2.2%) (28.2%) (.9%) 9 (7.7%) (.9%) 3 (.%) (%) 35 (29.9%) 25 (2.4%) (54.2%) 4 (2.6%) 7 (4.5%) 2 (.3%) 2 (.3%) (%) 36 (23.2%) 2 (3.3%) (45.8%) 8 (2.6%) 2 (6.7%) (%) 3 (4.2%) 2 (.6%) 9 (28.8%) 35 (.2%) 32* 2 5 (49.%) (%) 2 (2.2%) (%) 3 (2.9%) (%) 37 (36.3%) 7 (9.8%) 2 Total 372 (35.7%) 6 (.5%) 44 (4.2%) (.%) 5 (.%) 24 (2.3%) 289 (27.7%) 72 (6.4%) Through 28, 2 *Helicopter and aircraft losses include deaths caused by both non-hostile accidents and those downed by hostile fire. The Non-Hostile Causes data then does not include non-hostile helicopter or aircraft losses. 29 numbers do not include U.S. intelligence officials killed in a suicide bombing in December. Total 44

7 FIGURE.6 American Military Fatalities by Category: 7, 2 3, 2 6 Category Gender Age Component Military service Officers/Enlisted Race/Ethnicity Total fatalities as of 3, 2:,26 Male: Female: Younger than 22: 22-24: 25-3: 3-35: Older than 35: Active: Reserve: National Guard: Army: Marines: Navy: Air Force: Officer: E5-E9: E-E4: American Indian or Alaska Native: Asian: Black or African American: Hispanic or Latino: Multiple races, pending or unknown: Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander: White:, FIGURE.7 U.S. Troops Wounded In Action since 3, January January January 24 January January January January 28 January January 2 Total from 7, 2 through 29, 2: 5,677 The daily Department of Defense casualty reports that we use for our monthly estimates on U.S troops wounded does not make it entirely clear when in a 24-hour period casualties were incurred. Since the reports are published at AM daily, there is possibility that our numbers for January 25 and onwards are slightly off due to uncertainties about whether casualties occurred on the first or the last of each month.

8 FIGURE.8 British Military Fatalities in Afghanistan since the start of Jan September Jan September 2 2 Jan September 7 Jan September 9 Jan- 6 3 Total through 28, 2: 28 NOTE ON THIS GRAPH: From 22-25, the British military suffered 5 fatalities that are reflected in the total. FIGURE.9 Canadian Military Fatalities in Afghanistan since the start of Jan-6 September Jan-7 September Jan-8 September Jan-9 September Jan- Total through 28, 2: 42 NOTE ON THIS GRAPH: From 22-25, the Canadian military suffered 8 fatalities that are reflected in the total. 8

9 FIGURE. Non-U.S. Coalition Troop Fatalities by Country since United Kingdom Canada 4 42 France Germany Denmark 3 Spain Italy Netherlands Poland Romania Australia Estonia Norway Sweden Czech Republic Latvia Hungary Portugal Turkey Finland Lithuania South Korea Belgium Jordan NATO Not yet reported Total through 28, 2: 687 FIGURE. Proportion of Annual U.S. and Coalition Fatalities by Various Causes % % % % % 24 5% 4% Non-Hostile Incidents Other Explosives Other Hostile IED* 3% 2% % % *Improvised Explosive Device Figures Updated Thru: 28, 2 NOTE: Figures depicted on the graph illustrate the raw number of such fatalities in a given year. Percentages are calculated based on overall totals for each respective year. Other Explosives includes hostile attacks carried out with rockets, grenades and/or mortars. Fatalities from downed aircraft and helicopters are classified under either Other Hostile or Non-Hostile Incidents depending on whether they were shot down or crashed due to mechanical failure. 9

10 FIGURE.2 Afghan National Army (ANA) and Afghan National Police (ANP) Personnel Fatalities, January 27-Present ANP ANA January 27 September January 28 September ANNUAL TOTALS ANA ANP January 29 September NOTE: Figures from 27 through mid-29 provided by NATO-ISAF and differ from those published in a January 29 report released by the U.S. Department of Defense. This report estimated 332 ANA fatalities and 692 ANP fatalities for 27, with 28 figures shown only through 28. Graphical numbers for the second half of 29 are estimated based on information from several sources. FIGURE.3 American Troops Deployed To Afghanistan 3 9, 87, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4,5 4, 32,5 3, 2,3 23,3 24, 2, 9,5, 7,425 9,3 Mar-8 Jan- Nov Sep Mar Jan-9 Nov Sep Mar Jan-8 Nov Sep Mar Jan-7 Nov Sep Mar Jan-6 Nov Sep Mar Jan-5 Nov Sep Mar Jan-4 Nov Sep Mar Jan-3 Nov Sep Mar Jan-2 Nov- NOTE: As of 2 there are roughly 87, U.S. troops in Afghanistan. On December, 29, U.S. President Barack Obama announced that total U.S. forces in Afghanistan will near, by summer 2. Please see endnote for a full order of battle.

11 FIGURE.4 Troops Committed to NATO s International Security Assistance Forces (ISAF) By Country 4 AS OF: 6, 2 Turkey recognizes the Republic of Macedonia with its constitutional name 2 Snapshot figure that includes overlapping rotations. NOTE: The total foreign troop presence also includes about 3, (mainly American) troops organized under Operation Enduring Freedom. FIGURE.5 Total NATO-ISAF Manpower by Regional Command (RC), Since , 5, 4, 3, CAPITAL EAST SOUTH WEST NORTH 2,, Oct-6 Dec-6 Feb-7 Apr-7 Jun-7 Aug-7 Oct-7 Dec-7 Feb-8 Apr-8 Jun-8 Aug-8 Oct-8 Dec-8 Feb-9 Apr-9 Jun-9 Aug-9 Oct-9 Dec-9 Feb- Apr- NOTE ON THIS GRAPH: Data points represent months for which a precise estimate is available. As the figures for a given month provide a snapshot assessment, they should be considered approximations. Figures do not reflect U.S. troops that are part of Operation Enduring Freedom.

12 FIGURE.6 Size of Afghan Security Forces on Duty 6 Month Ministry of Defense Ministry of Interior Total Afghan Forces Forces Security Forces 28 57,8 79,9 37, , 79,9 47, ,78 79,9 62, ,9 8,2 72, , 95, 9, December 29,3 94,958 95, , 2, 25, FIGURE.7 Annual Growth of Afghan National Army (ANA), By Number of Troops, 23-Present 7 2, 3,,,3 8, 79,68 6, 5, 4, 36, 24, 26, 2, 6, NOTE: Figures for are as of year end. 2 numbers are as of 3. FIGURE.8 Annual Recruitment Figures for Afghan National Army (ANA) 8 YEAR* RECRUITS RE-ENLISTMENT RATE AWOL RATE Soldiers NCOs , , , , ,35 5% 56% 7% ~34, 57% 63% 9% *Years run from through the following February of respective periods. 2

13 FIGURE.9 Number of Private Contractors in Afghanistan, 28 and 29 9 Year Private Contractors 28 53,5* 29 7, *Pentagon s Central Command reported a 5% increase from 28 while announcing the 29 number. FIGURE.2 Private Contractor Deaths in Afghanistan, 2 through * NOTE: Numbers correspond to insurance claims received by the U.S. Labor Department. There have been a total of 338 claims since September, 2 (the beginning of the reporting period). *2 numbers are through 3 and will be updated quarterly. FIGURE.2 Private Contractors Training the Afghan Army 2 Month Contractors 2 2, NOTE: When contractors training the Afghan Defense and Interior ministries are counted, the total number is 2,765. 3

14 FIGURE.22 Capability Milestone (CM) Assessment of Afghan National Army (ANA) Units, By Month since June June 26 August Septemeber December January 27 February June August Septemeber December January 28 February June August Septemeber December January 29 February NOTE ON THIS GRAPH: Number of units and headquarters based on an end goal of 8, personnel, 7, of whom are projected to be operational by the end of 28 with the remainder operational by the end of 29. CM levels are rated on a scale from -4 (definitions below). CM : capable of operating independently CM 2: capable of planning, executing, and sustaining counterinsurgency operations at the battalion level with international support CM 3: partially capable of conducting counterinsurgency operations at the company level with support from international forces CM 4: formed but not yet capable of conducting primary operational missions N/A: Not yet formed or not reporting FIGURE.23 Detailed Breakdown of Afghan Ministry of Interior Forces 23 Number Authorized Number Assigned Percent Assigned Ministry of Interior Headquarters 5,59 4,273 84% Uniformed Police 47,384 5,46 8% Border Police 7,62 2,792 73% Civil Order Police 5,365 2,462 46% Anti-Crime 5,3 4,3 79% Counternarcotics 2,59 3,572 42% Fire/Medical/Training 3,49 2,388 76% Customs Police 6 63 % TOTAL 8,956 8,2 99% AS OF: 29 CM 4 CM 3 CM 2 CM 4

15 FIGURE.24 Defense Assessment of Afghan National Police (ANP) Capabilities CM 4 CM 3 CM 2 CM 2 February 28 June August September December January 29 February AS OF: December 28 CM : capable of operating independently CM 2: capable of planning, executing, and sustaining counterinsurgency operations at the battalion level with international support CM 3: partially capable of conducting counterinsurgency operations at the company level with support from international forces CM 4: formed but not yet capable of conducting primary operational missions N/A: Not yet formed or not reporting FIGURE.25 Recruitment Figures for the Various Programs of the Afghan National Police (ANP), 27-February 28 and 28-February February February 29 Afghan Border Patrol (ABP) 4,795 2,737 Afghan Civil Order Police (ANCOP),44 3,562 Afghan Uniform Police (AUP),265 9,468 ALL ANP RECRUITS 7,474 7,9 NOTE: The AUP serve at the regional, provincial and district levels and carry out local day-to-day policing activities. The ABP provide law enforcement at borders and entry points. The ANCOP is a highly skilled, specialized police force that is split into urban and rural units and conducts operations in areas where government control may be weak or where added support is needed for counterinsurgency operations. 5

16 FIGURE.26 Number of U.S. and NATO Teams/Personnel Required and Assigned to Train and Mentor Afghan National Security Forces (ANSF) 26 U.S. Embedded Training Team (ETT) Personnel for Afghan National Army (ANA) 3 2, ,39 2, ,62 (44%),38 (5%),75 (44%) ETT Personnel Assigned (%) ETT Personnel Required U.S. Police Mentor Team (PMT) Personnel for Afghan National Police (ANP) 25 2,358 2,375 2, PMT Personnel Assigned (%),5 PMT Personnel Required 92 (39%) 886 (37%) (44%) NOTE: Each PMT is comprised of approximately 6 U.S. personnel. 27,2 of the 3,4 U.S. Marines deployed to southern Afghanistan during the spring of 28 are assigned to conduct ANP training missions, but only for approximately 7 months, thus they are not included in the Number Assigned column. NATO Operating Mentoring and Liaison Teams (OMLT s) for Afghan National Army (ANA) (5%) OMLT's Provided (%) OMLT's Required 42 (4%) 4 3 (44%) 2 28 December NOTE: NATO OMLT teams number between 2-9 personnel each, depending on the size of the unit with which they are embedded. 6

17 FIGURE.27 U.S. Departments of Defense and State Support to Train and Equip the Afghan Army and Police, Fiscal Years (Dollars In Millions) 28 6, 5, 4,872 4, 4,43 $ (millions) 3, 2,523 ANA ANP 2,,633,778,52,27, NOTE: FY 28 figures reflect requested funds. Annual totals rounded to the nearest million. TOTAL AID (FY 22-29): ANA $4,228,,; ANP: $7,24,, FIGURE.28 Appropriated U.S. Funding For Afghanistan Government and Development by Agency, FY 2-FY 2 29 $9,. $8,. $7,. $ Millions $6,. $5,. $4,. $3,. DoD State USAID USDA Treasury Oversight and Operations Other $2,. $,. $. FY 2 FY 22 FY 23 FY 24 FY 25 FY 26 FY 27 FY 28 FY 29 FY 2 DoD $. $. $65. $396.8 $,895.5 $2,23.2 $7,96.4 $3,428. $6,387.7 $7,562.8 State $45.9 $285.6 $297.4 $784.5 $,27.7 $287.7 $343.2 $38. $37. $555.9 USAID $42. $55.3 $477.8 $,62. $,379.4 $76.9 $,538.3 $,84.4 $2,247.6 $2,56.9 USDA $4.3 $46.5 $28.4 $49.8 $4. $48.3 $9.5 $42.2 $7.8 $. Treasury $. $.5 $.4 $.8 $.7 $.6 $.3 $.8 $2. $.4 Oversight and Operations $. $55.6 $35.3 $27.6 $36. $3.9 $2.3 $448.7 $,73.5 $,32.9 Other $.4 $.6 $2.9 $3.7 $6.8 $23.7 $2.4 $5.5 $8.8 $. NOTE: Numbers affected by rounding. As of December 3, 29 approximately $5. billion had been appropriated since FY 22. 7

18 FIGURE.29 Percentage of Close Air Support (CAS) Missions in Afghanistan Going Kinetic 3 June % August 29 % 29 <% NOTE: Kinetic CAS missions are defined as those in which bombs, rockets, or other munitions are dropped. During this same time period the number of munitions released rose from 437 in June to 66 in. FIGURE.3 Number of U.S. Forward Operating Bases (FOBs) in Afghanistan 3 January 2 >8 FIGURE.3 Indicators for Measuring Progress in Afghanistan, Developed by David Kilcullen 32 Population-related Host Nation Security Force Enemy Voluntary reporting IEDs reported versus IEDs found Price of exotic vegetables Transportation prices Progress of NGO construction projects Influence of Taliban versus government courts Participation rate in programs Taxation collection Afghan-on-Afghan violence Rate of new business formation and loan repayment Urban construction new-start rate Percentage of local people with secure title to their house and land Assassination and kidnapping rate Civilian accessibility Where local officials sleep Officials business interests Percentage of officials purchasing their positions Budget executions Capital Flight Rate of anti-insurgent lashkar formation Public safety function Kill ratio Win/loss ratio Kill versus wound/capture ratio Detainee guilt ratio Recruitment versus desertion rates Proportion of ghost employees Location at start of firefight EOF incidents and CIVCAS Duration of operations Small-unit operations Combined action operations Dismounted operations Driving technique Reliance on air and artillery support Pattern-setting and telegraphing moves to the enemy Possession of high ground at dawn High-technology inserts Insurgent medical health Presence of specialist teams and foreign advisors Insurgent village-oforigin First-to-fire ratio Price of black-market weapons and ammunition Insurgent kill/capture versus surrender ratio Mid-level insurgent casualties FIGURE.32 Suicide Bombings in Afghanistan, 27 & No. of Attacks Killed ~

19 FIGURE.33 Attacks against Schools in Afghanistan, Year Number of attacks NOTE: According to the UN, 4 percent of schools attacked in Afghanistan are girls schools, 32 percent are mixed and 28 percent are boys schools. FIGURE.34 Number of Insurgent Attacks by Month and Type, January January 27 February June August September December January 28 February June August September December January 29 February FIGURE.35 Number of Improvised Explosive Device (IED) Events by Month, 27-Present Surface to Air Fire Indirect Fire IEDs Direct Fire January 27 February June August September December January 28 February June August September December January 29 February 9 Detonations Turn-Ins ANSF Finds ISAF Finds NOTE: IED Events are inclusive of those that detonate as well as those found or turned in. ISAF refers to the NATO-sponsored International Security Assistance Forces and ANSF refers to Afghan National Security Forces.

20 FIGURE.36 Comparison of Improvised Explosive Device (IED) Events by Province and Regional Command (RC), Weeks -22 (January thru Late ), 28 and REGIOANAL COMMAND/ PROVINCE Successful IEDs Failed IEDs Total IEDs Successful IEDs Failed IEDs Total IEDs % CHANGE (Successful IEDs) % CHANGE (Total IEDs) RC CAPITAL KABUL % 73% RC EAST PARWAN % 25% WARDAK % 7% PANJSHER N/A N/A LOGAR % 63% KAPISA % % KHOST % 94% PAKTYA % 52% GHAZNI % 26% PAKTIKA % 35% NANGARHAR % 7% LAGHMAN % -24% NURISTAN 2 2 N/A N/A KUNAR % 89% BAMYAN 3 3 -% 2% RC EAST TOTAL % 85% RC SOUTH KANDAHAR % 99% HELMAND % 4% NIMROZ % 38% URUZGAN % 43% ZABUL % 82% DAI KUNDI N/A N/A RC SOUTH TOTAL % 84% RC WEST BADGHIS 5 6 -% -83% HERAT % 7% GHOR 5 6 N/A N/A FARAH % 33% RC WEST TOTAL % 89% RC NORTH FARYAB % -47% JAWZJAN % 5% SARI PUL N/A N/A BALKH % % SAMANGAN N/A N/A KUNDUZ % 9% BAGHLAN % -46% TAKHAR % % BADAKSHAN N/A 6% RC NORTH TOTAL % 33% TOTAL, ALL REGIONS ,245 57% 8% NOTE: Successful IEDs are those that detonate. Failed IEDs are those that are either detected or turned in prior to detonation. 2

21 FIGURE.37 U.S. Provincial Reconstruction Team (PRT) Authorized/On Hand Staffing by Location 38 MILITARY DATE PRT PROVINCE CREATED Department of State Authorized On Hand CIVILIAN USAID U.S. Department of Agriculture Authorized On Hand Authorized On Hand Authorized On Hand RC EAST Asadabad Konar Feb Bagram Parwan/Kapisa Nov Gardez Paktia Feb Ghazni Ghazni Jalalabad Nangrahar Jan Khowst Khowst Mehtar Lam Laghman Kalagush Nuristan Nov Bazarak Panjshir Nov Sharana Paktika Oct RC SOUTH Qalat Zabul RC WEST Farah Farah Sept TOTAL, NOTE ON THIS TABLE: The United States operates 2 out of the 26 PRT s in Afghanistan. All American PRT s are under military command and led by a military officer. AS OF: APRIL 29 FIGURE.38 Country Leadership and Location of Non-U.S. PRT s 39 PRT LEAD NATION DATE OF COMMAND DATE CREATED AND PREVIOUS COMMAND NATION (IF DIFFERENT) RC NORTH Konduz Germany (USA) Mazar-e-Sharif Sweden 26 February 23 (United Kingdom) Feyzabad Germany 24 Pol-e-Khomri Hungary (Netherlands) Meymaneh Norway September (United Kingdom) RC WEST Herat Italy June 25 December 23 (USA) Qala-e-Naw Spain August 25 Chaghcharan Lithuania August 25 RC SOUTH Kandahar Canada August 25 December 23 (USA) Lashkar-Gah United Kingdom 26 September 24 (USA) Tarin Kowt Netherlands August 26 September 24 (USA) RC EAST Bamyan New Zealand August 23 Wardak Turkey 26 Logar Czech Republic 28 2

22 FIGURE.39 Estimated Number of Internally Displaced Persons in Afghanistan (IDPs) , ,945 FIGURE.4 Afghan Families Displaced by Operation Moshtarak in Helmand Province 4 Month Families Registered February 2 4,275 NOTE: The number above corresponds to about 27,7 individuals and reflects displaced families from Marja and Nad Ali who have registered in Lashkar Gha, Khashrod, Nawa and Kandahar city through February 24. From February 25 to 2, a total of 645 families have returned, mainly to Marja. FIGURE.4 Estimated Number of Afghan Refugees in the Region By Location 42 COUNTRY NUMBER OF REFUGEES Pakistan 2,, Iran 9, Other 9, TOTAL 3,, AS OF: 28 FIGURE.42 Afghan Refugees Voluntarily Repatriated by Country, ,6 5., ,2 Returnees Per Year (thousands), Total Number of Returnees (millions) Pakistan Iran Cumulative *Through September *. 22

23 FIGURE.43 Number of Afghan Asylum Applications, 2 through , 52,485 5, 4, 3, 25,446 26,796 2, 8,434 4,27, 8,835 7,723 8,648 9, NOTE: In each year, several countries reported a range of -4 individual rather than an actual number. These countries were not included in the totals above, but are insignificant as far as trends go. 23

24 2. GOVERNANCE & RULE OF LAW INDICATORS FIGURE 2. Afghanistan Population and Demographic Information 45 TOTAL MALE FEMALE POPULATION (millions) 32.7 (5%) (49%) ETHNICITY Pashtun 3.7 (42%) Tajik 8.8 (27%) Hazara 2.9 (9%) Uzbek 2.9 (9%) Aimak.3 (4%) Turkmen. (3%) Baloch.7 (2%) Other.3 (4%) FIGURE 2.2 Size, Gender, And Ethnic Makeup of Afghanistan s Main Legislative Bodies 46 Wolesi Jirga (House of the People) TOTAL SEATS MEN WOMEN GENDER (73%) 68 (27%) ETHNICITY Pashtun 8 (47%) Tajik 53 (2%) Hazara 3 (2%) Uzbek/Turkmen 25 (%) Non-Hazara Shi a (4%) Arab 5 (2%) Ismaili 3 (%) Pashai 2 (<%) Baluchi (<%) Nuristani (<%) NOTE: The Wolesi Jirga consists of directly elected provincial representatives. The number of representatives each of Afghanistan s 34 provinces receives is calculated according to population. The Wolesi Jirga constitutes the first step in passing legislation, with all bills passing with two-thirds majority being forwarded to the Meshrano Jirga (House of Elders) and then the President. The Wolesi Jirga also has final say on the appointment of government ministers and other high-ranking officials. Meshrano Jirga (House of Elders) TOTAL SEATS MEN WOMEN GENDER 2 76 (75%) 26 (25%) ETHNICITY Pashtun 36 (35%) Tajik 32 (3%) Hazara 6 (6%) Uzbek/Turkmen 8 (8%) Baluchi 3 (3%) Nuristani 3 (3%) Others 4 (3%) NOTE: Two-thirds of the Meshrano Jirga is indirectly elected by the Provincial and District Councils while the remaining third is appointed directly by the President. Provincial Councils (34 total, one for each Province) TOTAL SEATS MEN WOMEN GENDER (7%) 24 (3%) NOTE: Provincial Councils consist of between 9 and 29 directly elected representatives, based on the population of the Province. 24

25 FIGURE 2.3 Prison Population in Afghanistan, , 6, 5,666 4, 2,379 2,,78, 9,5 8, 7,2 6, 4,6 4, 2, NOTE: Numbers are through September in all years except for numbers through December. FIGURE 2.4 Where Afghans Choose To Take Different Types of Legal Cases 48 Dispute Over Land 55% 38% 7% Other Property Dispute 4% 43% 7% Commercial Dispute 5% 32% 8% Divorce Pick-pocketing 53% 62% 3% 27% 7% % State Court Shura/Jirga Other Community Forum Robbery/Burglary 58% 26% 6% Physical Assault 5% 32% 8% Murder 82% 2% 6% % % 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% % NOTE: Results based on survey of approximately 6,2 Afghans polled in February 27. Answers refer to a hypothetical situation and not actual events. 25

26 FIGURE 2.5 Highest Level Degree Acquired By Judges Responding To a Random Survey 49 5% 45% 44.% 4% 35% 3% 25% 2% 5%.6% 6.% 2.5% % 7.7% 5% % University (Shariat) University (Law) Other University Non University (Madrassa or Equivalent) Non University (Primary/Secondary) NOTE: Results based on a 26 random survey of 57 judges, of whom 7 work with the Supreme Court, 48 on Provincial Appeals Courts and 92 on Urban or District Primary Courts. Shariat refers to a degree received from an Islamic Law faculty. Madrassas are schools below the university level whose curriculum focuses mostly on traditional Islamic scholarship. FIGURE 2.6 Access to Legal Resources for Judges Responding To a Random Survey 5 ACCESS YES NO Statutes or other governmental regulations 63.7% 36.3% Textbooks on the law 45.2% 54.8% Written decisions of the Supreme Court 7.2% 82.8% Professional support from an experienced mentor 9.% 8.9% NOTE: Results based on a 26 random survey of 57 judges, of whom 7 work with the Supreme Court, 48 on Provincial Appeals Courts and 92 on Urban or District Primary Courts 26

27 FIGURE 2.7 Annual Poppy Cultivation in Afghanistan (Hectares) and Percentage of Global Cultivation, % 82% 82% 79% 8% 2 67% 69% 7% 6% 5 42% 37% 47% 4% 93 5% 4% Hectares ('s) % Global Cultivation 26% 27% 8% 2% 22% 22% 23% 5 6% 9% % FIGURE 2.8 Annual Opium Production in Afghanistan (Metric Tons) and Percentage of Global Production, % 2% % % 9 93% 93% 92% % % 42% 5% 48% 3,46 6% 52% 79% 7% 62% 58% 52% 4,565 3,276 2,84 2,693 8,2 87% 89% 7,7 75% 75% 6,9 6, 4,2 4, 3,4 3,6 9% 8% 7% 6% 5% 4% 3% Metric Tons % Global Production 2 2,33,98,97, ,335 2, % % % %

28 FIGURE 2.9 Opium Poppy Cultivation Levels in Afghanistan (With Top-Producing Provinces), (Hectares) 53 2, 8, 6, 4, Hectares 2,, 8, , 4, 2, All Afghanistan Helmand Farah Kandahar Nangarhar FIGURE 2. Snapshot Comparison of Afghanistan s Top Opium-Producing Provinces, Based on Amount of Land Devoted to Cultivation, 24 & 29 Badghis 4% Nangarhar 22% Nangarhar % Uruzgan 7% Rest of Afghanistan 5% Rest of Afghanistan 42% Uruzgan 8% Kandahar 6% Kandahar 4% Farah 2% Farah % Helmand 58% Helmand 22% 24 (3, total hectares) 29 (23, total hectares) 28

29 FIGURE 2. Monthly Farm-Gate Price for Dry Opium since September 24 (US$/Kg) US$ per Kilogram September 24 Through: JULY 29 January 25 September January 26 September January 27 September January 28 September January 29 FIGURE 2.2 Afghanistan s Rank in Reporters without Borders Index of Press Freedom, YEAR SCORE RANK NUMBER OF COUNTRIES SURVEYED NOTE ON INDEX OF PRESS FREEDOM TABLE: The Index is based on a questionnaire with 5 criteria for assessing the state of press freedom in each country. It includes every kind of violation directly affecting journalists (such as murders, imprisonment, physical attacks and threats) and news media (censorship, confiscation issues, searches and harassment). In addition to taking into account abuses attributable to the state, those carried out by armed militias, clandestine organizations or pressure groups are also considered. The lower the score attained, the higher the degree of press freedom in that respective country. Although there is no specific information given regarding how the overall score was compiled, the top-rated countries for 27 received an overall score of.75, with the median receiving a score of The overall average score for the 27 Index was

30 FIGURE 2.3 Journalists Killed in Afghanistan Since Media Worker Motive Unconfirmed Motive Confirmed NOTE: A total of 2 journalists have been killed in Afghanistan "motive confirmed" since the Committee to Protect Journalists began tracking in 992. For comparable information on Pakistan, please see the Pakistan Index, p. 9. FIGURE 2.4 Afghanistan s Rank in Transparency International s Annual Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) 57 YEAR RANK NUMBER OF COUNTRIES SURVEYED (T) 8 26 NO DATA (T) 59 (T): Indicates years Afghanistan s score tied with one or more other country. NOTE: The CPI is a composite index that draws on 4 expert opinion surveys. It scores countries on a scale from zero to ten, with zero indicating high levels of perceived corruption and ten indicating low levels of perceived corruption. Due to a lack of reliable data, Afghanistan was not included in the CPI survey for the years 26. 3

31 3. ECONOMIC & QUALITY OF LIFE INDICATORS FIGURE 3. Annual Inflation FORECAST FIGURE 3.2 Nominal GDP (Total and Growth), 22/23-29/2 59 TOTAL ($US billions) GROWTH (% change YOY) 22/23 23/24 24/25 25/26 26/27 27/28 28/29* 29-2* % 8.8% 6.% 8.2% 2.% 3.4% 9.% *Data based partly on estimates. FIGURE 3.3 GDP Growth and Sector Contributions to Growth, % Industry Services Agriculture GDP Growth NOTE: Data for 27 are estimated. 3

32 FIGURE 3.4 Annual Production of Major Agricultural Produce, by Planting Season 's Metric Tons 4 3 Wheat Potatoes Grapes Corn Barley Rice, Milled 2 2/ 2/2 22/3 23/4 24/5 25/6 26/7 27/8 28/9 FIGURE 3.5 Value of Exported Afghan Agricultural Produce, Thousands $US

33 FIGURE 3.6 Breakdown of Afghan Annual Budget (Core vs. External), FY 25/26 thru FY 28/ $ US (billions) 4 3 Core Budget External Budget Total Budget 2 25/26 26/27 27/28 28/29 NOTE: The Afghan government has direct control of the Core Budget, while having only limited or no control over the External Budget. FIGURE 3.7 Comparison of Electricity Supply Sources and Capacity: 979, 22, 27 and YEAR HYDRO (MW) THERMAL IMPORTED OTHER* (MW) TOTAL CAPACITY (MW) (MW) (MW) n/a n/a n/a n/a 28.5 *Includes diesel, micro-hydro and renewable NOTE: As of September 29, it is estimated that 5 percent of households in urban centers have access to electricity and 6 percent in rural locations have access. Operational capacity was 6 percent of installed total capacity at last report. FIGURE 3.8 Estimated Number of Telephone Users in Afghanistan by Year, ,, 2,,,, 8,, 6,, 4,, 2,, * *2 figures as of 3, 2. 4% of the population is estimated to have a cell phone. FIGURE 3.9 Estimated Percentage of Afghans with Access to Water/Sanitation Facilities 66 AS OF: June 28 Access to safe drinking water 23% Access to adequate sanitation 2% 33

34 FIGURE 3. Education Metrics 67 Estimated Annual Enrollment in Elementary and Secondary Education, ,, 6,, 5,, 4,, 3,, Girls Boys 2,,,, NOTE: It is estimated that in 2 less than million students were enrolled in primary/secondary education, virtually none of them girls. Primary/Secondary Education NUMBER OF SCHOOLS 9,62,998 All Girls,337 Co-ed 4,325 NUMBER OF TEACHERS 47,64 57,244 Women ~4, SINCE APRIL 26*: Schools Razed/Burned Down 238 Schools closed due to severe threats 65+ Students and Teachers killed by violence 29 *Thru 29 NOTE: APRIL 29 It is estimated that approximately 5, children in four southern provinces are currently prevented from attending school due to the threat of violence. Literacy Overall 28% Male 36% Female 8% FIGURE 3. Deposits in Commercial Banks in Afghanistan, 28 and Year (Ending ) Total Deposited 28 $.8 billion 29 $2.28 billion NOTE: Deposit value listed in U.S. dollars. 34

35 FIGURE 3.2 Poverty Levels, % Population Living Below the Poverty Line* % Population Living Slightly Above the Poverty Line % Population Experiencing Food Poverty^ 42% 2% 45% *Defined as living on a monthly income of US $4/month or less ^Those unable to purchase sufficient food to guarantee world standard minimum food intake of 2, calories/day FIGURE 3.3 Foreign Aid Pledged, Committed and Disbursed, 22-2 ($ Millions) 7 DONOR AID DISBURSED AID COMMITTED BUT NOT DISBURSED AID PLEDGED 22-2 (NOT COMMITTED/DISBURSED) US/USAID 5,22.9 5,377. 2,389. Japan/JICA, United Kingdom, European Commission, World Bank ,23.8 Germany Canada Asian Development Bank 547.8, Italy Netherlands Norway Sweden Iran ECHO* India Australia UN Agencies 7. Denmark Russian Federation 39. Aga Khan 9.3 France Saudi Arabia Finland Switzerland China Spain Turkey TOTAL 4, , ,775.6 AS OF: February 28 *ECHO: European Commission Humanitarian Aid Office NOTE: PLEDGED aid is promised but yet to be devoted for a specific purpose, COMMITTED aid has been earmarked for a specific purpose but not yet changed hands and DISBURSED aid has been earmarked and delivered. FIGURE 3.4 Annual Value of Imports and Exports, With Top Trade Partners, ($ Millions) Exports (TOTAL) Pakistan India United States Imports (TOTAL),34,68,97 3,2 3,633 Pakistan ,72,375 United States Germany India Republic of Korea Turkmenistan Japan

36 FIGURE 3.5 Microfinance Clients, Borrowers and Loan Amounts 72 Active Clients Active Borrowers Number of Loans Disbursed Amount of Loans Disbursed ($ millions) Loans Outstanding ($ millions) TOTAL 443,74 375,4,55,562 $453.3 $.3 URBAN 38, ,42 8,472 $327. $8.2 RURAL 34,858 3,72 354,9 $26.2 $3.2 AS OF: 28 FIGURE 3.6 Healthcare Metrics % People Living In Districts Where Basic Package of Health Care Program (BPHC) Is Being Implemented % 25 77% 26 82% NOTE: The BPHC is a program started in 22 by the Ministry of Public Health to provide essential basic healthcare throughout Afghanistan s districts. Life Expectancy Men Women Infant and Children Under-Five Mortality Rates (Per, Live Births) Infant Children Under Five % OF AFGHAN CHILDREN RECEIVING VARIOUS VACCINATIONS BCG Vaccine 57% 7% Polio Vaccine 3% 7% NOTE: The BCG is a vaccination to prevent tuberculosis. 36

37 4. POLLING & PUBLIC OPINION AFGHANISTAN PUBLIC OPINION SURVEY 77 The International Republican Institute, 29 (2,4 Afghan adults from throughout the country were interviewed) Previous surveys depicted took place and 29 Released: January 9, 2 FIGURE 4. Question: Do you think Afghanistan is moving in the right direction or the wrong direction? 7% 6% 62% 56% 5% 4% 3% 3% 37% 27% 24% 26% -9 Jul-9 Nov-9 2% % 7% 3% % 4% 3% % Right Direction Wrong Direction Neither DK/REF FIGURE 4.2 Question: Is Afghanistan more stable today than it was one year ago? 6% 5% 4% 3% 2% % % 52% 43% 4% 35% 33% 25% 22% 9% 4% 2% 3% 2% More Stable Less Stable The Same DK/REF -9 Jul-9 Nov-9 37

38 FIGURE 4.3 Question: Did you have more personal freedom during or after Taliban rule? 9% 8% 78% 8% 7% 67% 6% 5% 4% -9 Jul-9 Nov-9 3% 2% % % 9% 4% 2% % 6% 7% 5% 3% % After During Same DK/REF FIGURE 4.4 Question: How is your family's economic situation compared to five years ago? 6% 5% 48% 4% 43% 4% 3% 2% 23% 5% 22% 2% 2% -9 Jul-9 Nov-9 % % % Much Better Somewhat Better The Same 4% % % Somewhat Worse 6% 6% 3% Much Worse 5% % % DK/REF 38

39 FIGURE 4.5 Question: Did you vote in the August 2, 29 presidential election? 35% Yes No 65% FIGURE 4.6 Question: Do you think the presidential election held on August 2, 29 was free and fair? 2% 44% Yes No DK/REF 35% FIGURE 4.7 Question: Do you think Hamid Karzai is the legitimate President of Afghanistan? 4% 2% Yes No DK/REF 66% 39

40 AFGHANISTAN: WHERE THINGS STAND 78 ABC News/BBC/ARD Poll, December 29 (,534 Afghan adults from throughout the country were interviewed) Previous surveys depicted took place 24, September 25, September 26, 27, and January 29 FIGURE 4.8 Question: Generally Speaking, Do You Think Things in Afghanistan Today Are Going In the Right Direction, or Do You Think Things Are Going In The Wrong Direction? (24, 25, 26, 27 & 29) 9% 8% 77% 7% 7% 64% 6% 55% 54% 5% Right direction 4% 4% Wrong direction 38% 3% 2% 22% 24% 2% % % 6% % Jan-9 Dec-9 Surveys Released: 24, September 25, September 26, 27, February 29, and December 29, Respectively FIGURE 4.9 Performance Ratings for Various Entities* 9% 83% 8% 8% 7% 6% 68% 57% 67% 63% 59% 63% 52% 7% 6% 5% 4% 43% 48% 38% Hamid Karzai Afghan Government U.S. in Afghanistan 3% 32% 2% % % Jan-9 Dec-9 *% of respondents who answered Excellent or Good to the Question: How would you rate the work of? 4

41 FIGURE 4. Question: Is Your Opinion of the Taliban Very Favorable, Somewhat Favorable, Somewhat Unfavorable Or Very Unfavorable? 9% 8% 76% 74% 79% 75% 7% 69% 6% 5% 4% Jan-9 Dec-9 3% 2% % % 5% 5% 3% 3% 2% % 8% 7% 6% 4% 4% 3% 3% 3% 3% 2% 2% 2% % % Very favorable Somewhat favorable Somewhat unfavorable Very unfavorable No opinion FIGURE 4. Question: Who Would You Rather Have Ruling Afghanistan Today? % 9% 8% 9% 9% 88% 84% 82% 7% 6% 5% 4% 3% Dec-9 Jan % % % 6% 4% 4% % 6% 6% 3% 4% 3% 4% 5% 6% % 2% Current Government Taliban Other No opinion 4

42 FIGURE 4. Question: Which Of The Following Do You Think Poses The Biggest Danger In Our Country? Taliban 4% 52% 57% 58% 69% Drug Traffickers 3% % 2% 23% 28% Local Commanders 9% 9% 7% 6% 22% Jan-9 Dec-9 United States 4% 4% 8% % 8% Current Afghan government 2% 3% % % 2% % % 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% FIGURE 4.2 Question: How Much of A Problem Is the Issue of Corruption among Government Officials or the Police in this Area? 8% 76% 7% 63% 6% 55% 5% 4% 45% Jan-9 Dec-9 3% 27% 2% 23% 2% 9% % % % 8% 3% % 9% 3% 2% 6% 4% 2% % Big problem Moderate problem Small problem Not a problem No opinion 42

43 AFGHANISTAN IN 29: A SURVEY OF THE AFGHAN PEOPLE 79 Asia Foundation, 29 (6,46 Afghan adults from throughout the country were interviewed) FIGURE 4.3 Present Condition of Various Infrastructure in Localities, 27, 28 & 29 INFRASTRUCTURE VERY/QUITE GOOD (%) QUITE/VERY BAD (%) Availability of clean drinking water Availability of water for irrigation Availability of jobs Supply of electricity Availability of medical care Availability of education for children Survey Released: September 27, 28 and 29, Respectively FIGURE 4.4 Question: Which Is The Main Source From Where You Normally Get Information About What Is Happening In The Country? (27, 28 & 29) 7% 6% 6% 64% 57% 57% 62% 5% 54% 5% 47% 53% 4% 3% 26% 28% 27% 28% 25% 24% Radio TV Friends/Family/Neighbors 2% % 4% 6% 6% 2% 8% % 2% 8% 4% 2% 9% 5% % All Rural Urban All Rural Urban All Rural Urban Survey Released: September 27, 28 and 29, Respectively 43

44 FIGURE 5. Additional Sources of Information on Afghanistan Source 5. AFGHANISTAN RESEARCH TOOLS Web Site Address International Security Assistance Force ISAF, in support of the Government of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, conducts operations in Afghanistan to reduce the capability and will of the insurgency, support the growth in capacity and capability of the Afghan National Security Forces (ANSF), and facilitate improvements in governance and socio-economic development, in order to provide a secure environment for sustainable stability that is observable to the population. Afghanistan Conflict Monitor An Initiative of the Human Security Report Project at the School for International Studies at Simon Fraser University. Provides summaries of academic articles and reports, links to documents, publications and data. AfghanWire Afghanwire.com provides an internet-based news and information service to organisations and professional users who want to monitor Afghanistan s national media outlets. 44

45 David Wood, Afghan Air War Grows in Intensity, Baltimore Sun, 28, 28. United Nations Assistance Mission to Afghanistan, Humanitarian Factsheet, June 29, 28. Accessed at: United Nations Assistance Mission to Afghanistan, Armed conflict and Civilian Casualties, Trends and Developments January-3 August, 28 Accessed at: UN Assistance Mission to Afghanistan, Protection of Civilians, January 5, 29. UN Office of the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), Monthly Humanitarian Update for Afghanistan, January 29 (and subsequent monthly reports) 2 UN Assistance Mission to Afghanistan (UNAMA), Protection of Civilians, January 5, 29. UN Office of the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), Monthly Humanitarian Update for Afghanistan, January 29 (and subsequent monthly reports) UNAMA, Afghanistan: Midyear Bulletin on Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict, 29, 29. Accessed at: CIVILIAN-CASUALTIES-Mid-Year-29-Bulletin.pdf 3 Ibid. 4 U.S. Department of Defense Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom Casualty page. Accessed at: Historical data accessed at: Icasualties.org Operation Enduring Freedom Casualty Count website. Accessed at: 5 Icasualties.org Operation Enduring Freedom Casualty Count website. Accessed at: 6 Military Casualty Information, Statistical Information and Analysis Division, Department of Defense. Accessed at: 7 U.S. Department of Defense Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom Casualty page. Accessed at: Historical data accessed at: 8 Country specific data for the United Kingdom on icasualties.org website. Accessed at: 9 Country specific data for the Canadian military on icasualties.org website. Accessed at: icasualties.org Operation Enduring Freedom Casualty Count website. Accessed at: Icasualties.org Operation Enduring Freedom Casualty Count website. Accessed at: 2 Strategic Advisory Group Headquarters ISAF, Metrics Brief February 29, unclassified briefing slides (and subsequent updates). Rod Nordland, With Raw Recruits, Afghan Police Buildup Falters, New York Times, February 2, 2. Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction, Quarterly Report to the United States Congress, January 3, 2, p. 6. Accessed at: 3 Hannah Fairfield and Kevin Quealy, Troop Levels in Afghanistan Since 2, New York Times,, 29. Accessed at: Institute for the Study of War, Afghanistan Order of Battle, 29. Accessed at: February 2 figures: David Petraeus, Meet the Press, February 2, 2, accessed at US weighs more troops for north Afghanistan: official, Agence France Presse, 9, 2. John J. Kruzel, Special Forces in Iraq to Remain through Drawdown, American Forces Press Service,, 2. 4 ISAF Troops Placemat, NATO-ISAF website. Accessed at: 5 Ibid. 6 U.S. Department of Defense, Report on Progress toward Security and Stability in Afghanistan, Report to Congress in Accordance with the 28 National Defense Authorization Act, June 28, p. 22. Accessed at: GAO-8-66, Afghanistan Security: Further Congressional Action Be Needed to Ensure Completion of a Detailed Plan to Develop and Sustain Capable Afghan National Security Forces, Government Accountability Office, June 28, p. 33. Accessed at: Major General Robert Cone, Press Conference from Afghanistan, 2, 28. Accessed at: ISAF Troops Placemat, NATO-ISAF website. Accessed at: Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction, Quarterly Report to the United States Congress, January 3, 2, p. 6. Accessed at: 7 Ann Scott Tyson, More Recruits, U.S. Arms Planned for Afghan Military, Washington Post, December 5, 27. U.S. Department of Defense, Report on Progress toward Security and Stability in Afghanistan, Report to Congress in Accordance with the 28 National Defense Authorization Act, January 29, p. 35 (and subsequent reports). Accessed at: ISAF Troops Placemat, NATO-ISAF website. Accessed at: (and subsequent updates). Combined Security Transition Command Afghanistan, Afghan National Army Total End Strength, 29 unclassified briefing slides. Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction, Quarterly Report to the United States Congress, January 3, 2, p. 6. Accessed at: U.S. Department of Defense, Report on Progress toward Security and Stability in Afghanistan, Report to Congress in Accordance with the 28 National Defense Authorization Act, 2, p. 6. Accessed at: 8 U.S. Department of Defense, Report on Progress toward Security and Stability in Afghanistan, Report to Congress in Accordance with the 28 National Defense Authorization Act, June 28, p. 8 (and subsequent reports). Accessed at: 9Matt Kelley, Afghanistan Becomes More Dangerous For Contractors, USA Today, 22, 2. 2Ibid. Office of Workers Compensation Programs, Defense Base Act Case Summary by Nation, United States Department of Labor, 3, 2. Accessed at: Valerie Bailey Grasso, Baird Webel and Scott Szymendera, The Defense Act (DBA): The Federally Mandated Workers Compensation System for Overseas Government Contractors, 9, 2. Accessed at: 2Walter Pincus, U.S. fights trainer shortage, illiteracy in Afghanistan, The Washington Post, 7, U.S. Department of Defense, Report on Progress toward Security and Stability in Afghanistan, Report to Congress in Accordance with the 28 National Defense Authorization Act, January 29, p. 42. Accessed at: 23 GAO-8-66, Afghanistan Security: Further Congressional Action Be Needed to Ensure Completion of a Detailed Plan to Develop and Sustain Capable Afghan National Security Forces, Government Accountability Office, June 28, p. 33. Accessed at: 24 U.S. Department of Defense, Report on Progress toward Security and Stability in Afghanistan, Report to Congress in Accordance with the 28 National Defense Authorization Act, January 29, p. 49. Accessed at: 25 U.S. Department of Defense, Report on Progress toward Security and Stability in Afghanistan, Report to Congress in Accordance with the 28 National Defense Authorization Act, June 28, p. 27 (and subsequent reports). Accessed at: 26 U.S. Department of Defense, Report on Progress toward Security and Stability in Afghanistan, Report to Congress in Accordance with the 28 National Defense Authorization Act, June 28, p. 8. Accessed at: 27 Michael Gisick, Afghan Police Depend Heavily on U.S. Support, Stars and Stripes, August, GAO-8-66, Afghanistan Security: Further Congressional Action Be Needed to Ensure Completion of a Detailed Plan to Develop and Sustain Capable Afghan National Security Forces, Government Accountability Office, June 28, p.. Accessed at: 29 Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction, Quarterly Report to the United States Congress, January 3, 29, p. 35. Accessed at: Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction, Quarterly Report to the United States Congress, January 3, 2, p. 4. Accessed at: 3 David Wood, Holding Fire Over Afghanistan, Air Force Magazine, January 2. 3 David A. Fulghum, DOD Chief Logistician Optimistic About Afghanistan, Aerospace Daily & Defense Report, January 27, David Kilcullen, Measuring Progress in Afghanistan, Unclassified DoD paper, January 2. 45