World War I. Chapter 6 Section 2 The Home Front Pages

Transcription

1 World War I Chapter 6 Section 2 The Home Front Pages

2 Building Up the Military n How to increase # of American Troops from 370,000 to almost 5 million in a year? n 2 million- volunteer (Adventure- Last Big War!) n 2.8 million- drafted n Selective Service n Conscription= Forced Military Service n The Selective Service Act Signing up for a draft n AEF= American Expeditionary Force n Dough Boys and Yanks!

3 WW1 Selective Service Card

4 congress actions

5 pershing General John J. Pershing, commanding general of the AEF. Referred to as the Doughboys and Yanks. 2 million in France by Sept. 1918

6 Americans in the Trenches

7 Building Up the Military cont n African Americans in the War (400,000) n Racism n Segregation. Separated from White Soldiers Given menial jobs n 369 th Infantry Regiment- One of few African American Units allowed to fight in combat but under the direction of the French.

8

9 Women in the Military n Women in the Military and Home n Served- non fighting positions. Army nurses- only members near battlefields n Important on Home Front as well n Replace jobs left by fighting men n Shipping, manufacturing, railroads (jobs lost later)

10 Question- Moral Dilemma?? n What is the proper role of women in the military? n 1) Should Women be forced to fight in combat? n 2) Should Women be allowed to fight in Combat?

11 Building Up the Military cont n Women in the Military cont n KIA Civil War Spanish American War - 22 WWI 359 and first to die in actual combat WWII Korean Conflict - 19 Vietnam Conflict - 7 Desert Storm - 16 Iraq/Afghanistan - 143

12 league cartoon1

13 league cartoon1

14 league cartoon1

15 Organizing Industry n Need a plan= Gov and Business must be organized n War Industry Boards (Bernard Baruch) n Efficiently use national resources for the war. Who will make what and how much n Food and Fuel Administrations (Herbert Hoover) n Victory gardens/day light savings n All voluntary during WW1

16 War Industries Board

17 U. S. Food Administration

18 U. S. School Garden Army

19 U. S. Fuel Administration

20 Organizing Industry cont n Paying for the War n US- $44 million/day or $746 million today. n Raised taxes (income and business) n War/Liberty Bonds (20 billion raised) at a time $18.25 for a Liberty Bond In 10 years it could be turned in for $25. Type of investment

21 Financing the war: Sale of war bonds. Liberty and victory loans raised $20 billion. Raised income taxes congress actions

22 Mobilizing the Workforce n The Great Migration Begins n African Americans in Great Migration (500,000) head to northern cities n Huge movement out of south. Will change southern and Northern society forever. n Met great racism in the North- Violence n Work in factories while white men are overseas n Mexican migrate to farms and barrios (100,000)

23 league cartoon1

24 Ensuring Public Support n CPI = Committee for Public Information -propaganda (4 minute Men) n Posters, speeches, pamphlets, signs n Civil Liberties Curtailed n Espionage Act of 1917 for spying etc. n The Sedition Act of 1918= no open expression n Climate of suspicion= German Americans mistreated Free Speech limits (Schenck v US 1919)

25 Committee on Public Information presidents actions

26

27 In 1917 the United States was at War with Germany. Charles Schenk, a member of the Socialist Party, handed out leaflets condemning the war and urging young men to resist the military draft. He was arrested and convicted for violating the Espionage and Sedition Act of Schenk took his case to the United States Supreme Court arguing that his constitutional right to freedom of speech had been violated. Clear and Present Danger

28 Question- Moral Dilemma?? n Civil Liberty vs National Safety n 1) Are there times when the Government should be able to suspend or curtail your freedoms (Speech/Privacy/ Press) in order to ensure greater National Safety? n Are you willing to give up the right to free speech or press if it makes you safer? Is it worth it?