US INVOLVEMENT IN WORLD WAR I

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1 US INVOLVEMENT IN WORLD WAR I ì

2 America Enters the War I Germany announced unrestricted submarine warfare II. USA given Zimmerman Note in 1917 III. German U-boats sank four unarmed American merchant vessels in two weeks IV. April 6, 1917: US declares war on Germany

3 Russia Leaves the War I. The Bolsheviks, who were communists who overthrew the Russian government in 1917 A. Bolshevik RevoluJon II. The Bolsheviks were led by Vladimir Lenin III the Russians signed Treaty with the Central Powers

4 Public Support for the War I. GeOng public support was difficult given American tradijons of isolajonism and neutrality. II. III. Wilson portrayed the war in moral terms - making the world safe for democracy This played on people s ideas that America is the savior.

5 U.S. Mobilizes for War I. Selec4ve Service Act (1917) is passed in Congress - men between 21 and 30 can be draxed II. War Industries Board was created to meet industrial war demand III. American government raised taxes and issued liberty bonds

6 U.S. Enters the War I. General John J. Pershing leads the U.S. troops, known as the American Expedi.onary Force (AEF) II. Unlike European soldiers who were fighjng for three years, Americans were energejc and fresh III. American troops get nicknamed doughboys because of their white belts & their freshness in baale

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8 Propaganda in the War I. US Government created Commi:ee on Public Informa4on A. Sell the war to the American people & convince them to help with the war effort B. Convince the world of the righteousness of Wilson s war aims II. CPI created posters, movies & songs III. AnJ-German senjments grew as a result of the CPI

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14 Government Control In World War I I. As the war progressed, Civil LiberJes (freedoms) were compromised & taken away II. AnJ-Immigrant feelings were common and expressed especially to Germans and Austrian- Hungarians III. Espionage and SediJon Acts were passed by Congress A. These acts were designed to prevent anj-war protests but went violated the First Amendment (Free speech) B. Illegal to speak out against the war effort in any way

15 US Food Administration I. To conserve food the US government set up the Food Administra4on (FA) II. Americans planted victory gardens in their yards III. Americans worked aker work/ school growing vegetables in public parks IV. Farmers increased produc4on by almost 30% to ensure that American soldiers had food to eat

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20 Social Changes in World War I I. American society experienced a number of social changes during World War I A. The Great Migra4on African-Americans moved out of the south to escape discriminajon & take industrial manufacturing jobs in the north (mainly Chicago, NYC & Philadelphia) B. Women Joined the Workforce American women also took on new industrial jobs in cijes while the men were away fighjng à women also volunteered with the Red Cross & Army nurses II. The role of women and African-Americans changed dramajcally during WWI since they were now seen as producjve members of society

21 American Troops Go On the Offensive I. In May 1917 the German army came within 50 miles of taking Paris Men of the 42nd Division during the Second Marne. These men were killed by artillery fire just 5 minutes after this photo was taken II. Americans soldiers began arriving around the same 4me played a major role in pushing the Germans back III. In July and August the Americans helped the Allies win the Second Ba:le of the Marne pushing the German army out of France

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23 American Power Wins the War I. The addi4on of fresh American soldiers gave the Allied army an incredible advantage in ba:le II. American troops and American industry gave the Allies the necessary tools to win WWI III. American involvement in World War I ensured an Allied victory as Germany con4nued to wear down during the four year long war

24 The End of the War I. By 1918 the Central Powers conjnued to wear down losing ground and soldiers II. In November 1918 Austria-Hungary surrendered to the Allied army III. The same day German navy mujnied against their government and refused to fight A. The German Army and German people were too Jred to fight any longer IV. On November 11, 1918 at 11am Germany agreed to an armisjce ended the fighjng in World War I

25 Wilson Fights For Eternal Peace I. Before the end of the war President Wilson set out to ensure that a war like this one would never take place again II. III. Wilson wanted to create a peace plan to benefit every najon and keep eternal peace in the world Wilson s plan was called the Fourteen Points A. No secret treajes, freedom of the seas, reducjon of militaries B. Create a League of NaJons to solve problems diplomajcally

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27 Treaty of Versailles (1919) I. The Allies rejected Wilson s plan and decided instead to punish Germany for their role in World War I A. Largely the reason why the world fought World War II II. The Treaty of Versailles (1919) ended World War I AND: A. Broke up the Austria-Hungary & Oaoman Empire B. Germany accepted BLAME for World War I C. Germany paid REPARATIONS (money) for World War I D. Germany was forced to limit their ARMY due to World War I E. Germany gave up TERRITORY because of World War I III. The Treaty of Versailles punished the Germans for their involvement in World War I

28 The Treaty of Versailles & the USA I. Although the USA created the League of NaJons to keep world peace the US Senate refused to rajfy the Treaty of Versailles A. Many Senators like Henry Cabot Lodge feared involving the USA in world affairs B. The USA has a rich history of isolajonism prior to World War I and many wanted to return to that policy C. The USA never actually joined the League of NaJons that Wilson worked to create

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30 The Effects of World War I I. WWI strengthened the power of the government over the American people II. III. IV. The war led to social changes for African- Americans and women The war created global instability that eventually led to WW2 Russia established the first communist najon in the world leading to the Red Scare in the USA V. 22 million people died as a result of World War I