World War I Test Review

Transcription

1 Name Class Pd World War I Test Review I. Who to know: Franz Ferdinand Alvin York Henry Cabot Lodge Allies General Pershing Czar Nicholas II Herbert Hoover woman German-American Vladimir Lenin Bernard Baruch doughboy George Creel Woodrow Wilson Central Powers 1. I am the 28 th President of the US. I was reelected in 1916 because I kept American out of War. In 1917 I asked Congress to declare war against Germany. 2. Originally, I was France, Britain, Italy, Russia ++. In 1917, Russia withdrew, and the US joined 3. I am any American soldier in WWI 4. I am the head of the Food Administration. I encouraged Americans to conserve food by doing with less 5. I am a journalist who headed the Committee on Public Information 6. I am the head of the War Industries Board. 7. Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria 8. I am the last monarch of Russi I abdicated my throne as a result of the Bolshevik Revolution. My country was then led into Communism by the Bolsheviks. 9. I am the commander of the American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) in WWI. I became a national hero when I led the troops that broke through German lines in the Battle of Argonne Forest 10. I am the heir to the Austria-Hungarian throne. I was assassinated by a Bosnian Ser My assassination sparked the start of WWI. 11. I am a Bolshevik who took over the Russian Government in Nov I advocate Communism. 12. I am the US Senator who led the opposition to the ratification of the Treaty of Versailles because it contained the League of Nations provision. He claimed that membership in the League of Nations could entangle the US in foreign wars. 13. I officially served in the military (Navy) for the first time in WWI noncombat positions of course. 14. I am a US citizen who was persecuted during WWI fearing that I might spy for America s arch enemy in WWI. 15. I am the most decorated American Soldier in WWI. I won the Medal of Honor for leading an attack on a German machine gun nest, taking 32 machine guns, killing as many as 25 German soldiers and capturing 132 German soldiers during the US led portion of the Battle of Argonne Forest.

2 II. Mobilization (prep. for war) Agencies in WWI Food Administration Fuel Administration Committee on Public Information National War Labor Board War Industries Board 16. This org. organized industry to increase efficiency and to maximize production. It was headed by Bernard Baruch and it determined what products industries would make, where they went, and how much they would cost. 17. This org. provided propaganda to sell the war and rally citizen support for all aspects of the war effort. It was led by George Creel who combined education and a widespread advertising campaign to spread the sales message. 18. This org. supervised agricultural production, promoted food conservation and rationing. It was led by Herbert Hoover who encouraged Americans to plant victory gardens, to hooverize, and to observe wheatless Mondays and Wednesdays, meatless Tuesdays 19. This org. maintained cooperation between industry management and labor unions, acted as mediator to prevent and quickly settle disputes to avoid strikes that would interfere with wartime production 20. This org. increased production of coal and oil, and maintained conservation of fuel with such innovations as Daylight Savings Time. III. WWI Technology Rapid Firing Machine Gun Poison Gas Flamethrower Airplanes Artillery Field Guns Tanks Submarines (U Boats) 21. This armored vehicle ran on caterpillar treads and was built of steel allowing bullets to bounce off. It was built to go over rough ground and barbed wire and had limited success in maneuvering over the trenches. 22. This new weapon was used to destroy the enemy by launching burning fuel which set fire both to men and their surroundings. It was most effective for the terror it created, causing panic in enemy lines which could then be exploited. 23. This weapon could fire as many as 600 bullets per minute. Because it made a direct assault difficult, it is largely responsible for keeping WWI soldiers in the trenches during the War. 24. These long-range cannons caused more casualties than any other type of weapon. Their range and fire-power led to increased civilian casualties as well as livestock and property destruction. 25. This weapon made long-range reconnaissance possible and was also used for bombing and dog-fighting 26. This chemical weapon was used to sicken, suffocate, burn, blind or kill its victims, forcing soldiers to wear masks. Varieties such as chlorine, phosgene, and mustard were used 27. These naval weapons, though not new, were greatly enhanced during WWI and used torpedoes as well as on-deck guns to sink ships

3 IV. Important Acts, Actions and major events in and after WWI Espionage Act Sedition Act Schenk v. US (1919) The Great Migration Selective Service Race Riots Treaty of Versailles League of Nations Liberty Bonds Treaty of Brest-Litovsk Lusitania Zimmermann telegram Convoy System Sussex Pledge Unrestricted Submarine Warfare Fourteen Points Battle of Argonne Forest 28. This was sunk in May 1915, and 1200 passengers, including 128 Americans were killed. Although the US did not declare war as a result of this incident, public opinion against Germany grew immensely 29. Following the sinking of a French passenger liner in 1916 in which Americans were injured, Germany pledges to suspend unrestricted submarine warfare in other words, they promise to sink no more merchant/passenger ships without warming 30. Created in 1917, a form of conscription in the US. All men between (age 18 today) must register with this civilian-run organization, and a random lottery determines the order in which men are drafted into the military. 31. Because of this, no US troop ships were lost on the way to Europe. This system involved groups of merchant or troop ships traveling together with a naval escort 32. This Supreme Court Case states that individuals freedom of speech can be limited when words constitute a clear and present danger 33. This act placed limits on free speech by making it illegal to make public expression of opposition to war, the President, or the gov t 34. These broke out in northern US cities after WWI as US soldiers returning from Europe competed for jobs and housing with black Americans. 35. This act imposed penalties and prison terms for giving aid to the enemy. Also for disloyalty (draft-dodging), giving false reports and interfering with the war effort 36. These were advocated by President Wilson after WWI and were intended to be implemented as a means to ease international tensions and prevent war. 37. Formally ended WWI. The US did not sign it, instead made separate peace treaties with each Central Power Nation. It broke up or greatly weakened many world empires. 38. This was an organization created after WWI whose goal it was to preserve peace and prevent future wars by pledging to respect and protect each country s territory and political independence. Wilson favored US participation in the organization, but this idea was rejected by the Senate they considered it an entangling alliance that could pull the US into foreign wars 39. This population shift brought black Americans from the rural south to the northern cities permanently changing the racial make-up of many northern cities 40. This was Germany s policy of sinking merchant/passenger ships without warning (against int l treaty). Germany s resumption of this policy in 1917 was one issue that changed President Wilson s mind about keeping the US out of war and brought us into WWI 41. This was Germany s offer to Mexico suggesting that if Mexico ally itself with Germany, in the event of a Central Powers victory, Mexico would be granted its lost US territory (TX, NM, AZ). It s publication convinced many Americans that the US should enter the war.

4 42. In this decisive battle that began in Sept 1918, American forces under General John Pershing shattered German defenses and opened a hole in German lines leading to the eventual armistice. 43. This was the 1918 treaty between Germany and Russia which was a terrible blow to the Allies in WWI. Russia pulled out of the war granting Germany some Russian territory in exchange for Germany s removal of troops from the rest of Russian territory 44. The sale of these was the most effective fundraiser for WWI. Their sale was pushed through propagand V. Map - Know the location on the map and the significant events that happened here. Italy France Germany Austria Hungary Serbia Russia 45. The heir to the throne from this country was assassinated. This was the spark that started WWI. 46. A person from this country assassinate the heir to the throne of another county which led to WWI. 47. This country was a member of the Central Powers because of the Triple Alliance. However, they switched sides in April of 1915 and joined the Allies. 48. This country was the location of the Western Front. Trench Warfare took place here. 49. This country was involved in a revolution during WWI which caused them to change from a monarchy to a communist government and leave the war in According to the Treaty of Versailles, this country was responsible for the start of WWI, and would be forced to reduce their military and pay war reparations.

5 VI. Questions 51. List and explain the causes of WWI (the causes that led to the breakout of war in EUROPE) M - A - N - I - A Which of these was the actual EVENT that sparked the first declaration of war? 53. Before US entry into WWI, most Americans supported the Allied Powers in Europe. Why was this the case? (Hint: heritage) (Hint: language) c. (Hint: money) 54. List the two major causes of US entry into WWI 55. How did the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia benefit the Central Powers? 56. Why did the US Senate refuse to sign the Treaty of Versailles? 57. What new nations were formed by the Treaty of Versailles? c. d. 58. As a result of WWI, which empires were broken up or greatly weakened? c. d.