The First World War. 1. Nationalism in Europe, a policy under which nations built up their armed forces, was a major cause of World War I.

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1 Date CHAPTER 19 Form B CHAPTER TEST The First World War Part 1: Main Ideas If the statement is true, write true on the line. If it is false, change the underlined word or words to make it true. (4 points each) Example: The first president of the United States was George Washington. true Example: President John F. Kennedy resigned from office following the Watergate scandal. Richard Nixon 1. Nationalism in Europe, a policy under which nations built up their armed forces, was a major cause of World War I. 2. The invasion of Belgium began the active fighting in the war. 3. For more than three years, the major form of fighting on the western front was air combat. 4. U-boats were German battleships. 5. The Zimmermann note suggested an alliance between Germany and Mexico. 6. After defeating Russia on the eastern front, the Central Powers concentrated on fighting in France. 7. Wilson, Clemenceau, Lloyd George, and Orlando were referred to as the Central Powers. 8. The event known as the Great Migration increased the African-American population of Northern cities. 9. Woodrow Wilson s Fourteen Points speech described his war plan. 10. Daylight-savings time was instituted as a means of conserving fuel. 344 Unit 5, Chapter 19

2 Part 2: Map Skills Use the map to complete this section. Write the letter of the best answer. (2 points each) The Western Front, ENGLAND English Channel Somme N Front on NETHERLANDS Brussels BELGIUM Meuse R. LUXEMBOURG Allied Powers, 1916 Central Powers, 1916 Neutral countries German troop movement Allied troop movement capital city R. J uly 1, Miles Oise R. Paris Seine Marne R. Aisne R. R. Farthest German advance , Sept. Front on July 1, Moselle R Rhine R Kilometers GERMANY FRANCE SWITZERLAND 11. In which directions did German troops advance into France? a. north and west b. north and east c. south and east d. south and west 12. On Sept. 5, 1914, how far from Paris were the closest German troops? a. about 10 miles b. about 50 miles c. about 70 miles d. about 100 miles 13. Paris is located nearest the junction of which two rivers? a. Rhine and Moselle b. Oise and Aisne c. Marne and Seine d. Meuse and Marne The First World War 345

3 14. Which of the following statements is supported by the map? a. The British played a major role in keeping the Germans out of Paris. b. After taking over Belgium, Germany was in a good position to attack France. c. Luxembourg had close political ties to the Central Powers. d. Fighting was especially fierce in England. 15. Locate the lines that show the farthest German advance on Sept. 5, 1914, and the battle front on July 1, What can you conclude about the trench warfare that took place between these two lines and dates? a. It allowed the Allies to free Belgium. b. It created a no man s land along the Seine River. c. It allowed the Allies to regain control of France very quickly. d. It moved the western front back toward Belgium very slowly. Use the maps on page 345 to answer the following questions in complete sentences. (5 points each) 16. The Allies gave up their defense of Belgium in order to defend Paris. Why was Paris so important? 17. The first stage of the Schlieffen Plan involved Germany s attack on Belgium and then France. Where do you think France might have been expecting Germany to launch an attack on French soil first? Study the map closely and pay particular attention to borders. 346 Unit 5, Chapter 19

4 Part 3: Document-Based Questions Historical Context: When the United States entered the war in 1917, it did not have the powerful army it needed to make an impact in Europe. To prepare for war, the government urged men and women to volunteer for the armed services. Study each document carefully and answer the question about it. (4 points each) Document 1 Document 2 U.S. recruitment poster, 1917 Battle of Cambrai, November 20 December 3, What image does this poster create of military service during World War I? 19. Why do you think these soldiers are sheltered in shell craters? What would happen if they stood out in the open? The First World War 347

5 Document 3 October 26, 1918 About same as usual. Shelling all day. A few men killed and a few wounded. All snipers ordered to stay together. Went up to hole for my pack and got into hot barrage for awhile. Back and slept in old cellar in ruined orchard. 15 [men] in it. Another gas shell close this evening. Am about sick now. Barrage every morning and evening. October 27, 1918 Fine day but we did not enjoy it much. Established sniper posts in front of [our Companies] today. We have looked for relief by 180th brigade for last two nights. Nothing doing yet. Big push soon to come on this front. Hills to rear are covered with artillery both heavy and light. Back only 1 1/2 mile from front. Chow is carried up from rear by details from 2nd Battalion who are in reserve. They [Germans] shell roads, bridges, and river every time. Germans have it over us on observation. One shell wounded three this evening. Have dysentery and fever. Am so weak I can hardly get around. Irregular meals, dead horses, bad water, insufficient covering, and constant nerve tension are enough to kill anyone. Have seen men so badly shell shocked that they could not be held still when they heard a shell. October 30, 1918 Monday, Tuesday, and today all about the same. Wounded being constantly carried to rear. Shells, cooties [lice], and chow have about got me down. 179th brigade was relieved tonight by 180th. Most of snipers out by 12. Battalion formed 1/2 mile southeast of Romaine. Lay rest of night on top of ground. Just as soon as we hit a front, everyone gets dysentery. Don t know whether it is the chow or thoughts. from the war journal of Norvel P. Clotfelter, Supply Sergeant, Co. A, 344th Machine Gun Battalion 20. Based on Sergeant Clotfelter s observations, describe the effects on soldiers of constant shelling. 21. How might soldiers ideas about war have changed as a result of their experiences in battle? Write a brief essay in response to this question, citing evidence and examples from the three documents. You may use the back of this paper or a separate sheet for your essay. (8 points) 348 Unit 5, Chapter 19

6 Part 4: Extended Response Answer each of the following questions in a short essay on the back of this paper or on a separate sheet. (10 points each) 22. Respond to the U.S. decision to enter the war, considering such issues as whether it should have entered earlier or not at all. Explain why you agree or disagree with the decisions that were made. Think About: how the war would have been different if the United States had entered it earlier or not at all whether isolationism makes sense when other democracies are threatened whether the United States had a moral obligation to enter the war 23. What was the purpose of the Espionage and Sedition Acts passed by Congress in 1917 and 1918? Do you think these laws were a good idea at the time? Why or why not? Think About: the importance of people s support and approval of their government s actions ways in which wartime is different from peacetime the First Amendment s guarantee of the right to free speech whether criticizing one s government poses a threat to it The First World War 349