Federal Government and No Slavery. States Rights and Slavery

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1 Federal Government and No Slavery Protection Everyone has all the rights in each state Common Currency Equal rights for all Slavery Morally Wrong States Rights and Slavery Closer to the people have a good Idea what they want Choose own rights/laws Not infringed on by other states rights Perhaps less Taxes Economic Benefits White Power Possibly less drain on economy More free time for owner

2 Causes and Leaders North Lincoln Political Grant Sherman South Davis Political Lee Stonewall Jackson Causes States Rights vs Federal Government (South) Slavery (North) Societal Differences Succession Name Calling Expansion of Slavery Money Problems Dred Scott (Slaves Property not people) Political Troubles Fight to Save Union

3 Military and Political Leaders of Lincoln the Civil War Lawyer from Illinois Becomes 16th president of the US, this and other events will lead to the Civil War. Writes the Emancipation Proclamation which pretty much ends slavery Gettysburg Address Will become the first president to be assassinated (John Wilkes Booth) Abe Clip

4 Jefferson Davis: Symbol of a lost The early years born in Christian, Kentucky June 3, 1808 Grew up in Miss. He went to West Point Graduated 23rd (last) in his class Cause

5 Jefferson Davis Cont. Political years 1861 Feb 8 inaugurated as president of the Confederacy Term was Spent 2 years in prison after the war Threatened with trial for treason Died Dec. 6, 1889 Accomplishments President of the South Published book: Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government

6 Views From the South and North One nation with slaves If one nation with slaves not possible, two nations Davis thought of as a martyr for their lost cause One nation without slaves Lincoln as president In 1868 the government of the United States dropped its case against him

7 Civil War Jefferson Davis During and After Raised the Confederate army Established Robert E. Lee as a general Promoted slavery Devoted to defense of himself and the Southern cause

8 Robert E. Lee Graduated second in his class from West Point in 1829 Saw his first action in 1848 during the Mexican War In 1861, he turned down an offer to command all U.S. Army forces and instead returned to Virginia to become a General in the Confederate Army Victory at Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville Surrendered at Appomattox Court House in 1865 Gods and Generals Clip

9 Virginia Gene Miller Song There was a time A time of splendour and grace when the world moved by at a kinder pace there was a land a land to pleasure the eyes where the world was new and the foolish wise I can hear Virginia when the south wind sings And I see her shining on a blackbird s silver wings and I can feel Virginia runnin through my soul when the flag unfurls and the drummers start their long, long roll oh, sacred ground for which so many have died let us take our turn for our country s pride oh, blessed place remember all of your sons, who will stand and fall, neath the ceaseless guns I can hear Virginia when the sound wind sings and I see her shining on a blackbird s silver wings and I can feel Virginia runnin through my soul when the flag unfurls and the drummers start their long, long roll will I ever see her rise again? Or are they old days gone, has the world moved on? Will she ever grace our eyes again? Tell me when? I can hear Virginia when the south wind sings and I see her shining on a blackbird s silver wings and I can feel Virginia runnin through my soul when the flag unfurls, and the drummers start their long, long roll

10 Civil War Pop 1 1. The Civil War started when the Confederacy attacked this in April of 1861? 2. Approximately how many Americans died do to the Civil War? 3-4 What are 2 states that were part of the Union during the Civil War? 5-6 What are 2 states that were part of the Confederacy 7. Who was the Political Leader of the North? 8. Who was the Political Leader of the South? 9-10 What would have been the 2 key (primary) causes of the Civil War?

11 Stonewall Jackson Went to school at the U.S. Military Academy and West Point In 1861 he joined the Confederate Army Nicknamed Stonewall by his troops in the first battle of Bull Run because he is as tough as a stonewall.

12 Seven Day Battle 1st Battle of Bull Run 2nd Battle of Bull Run These were early Confederate victories Chancellorsville Accidentally shot by his own man and mortally wounded on May 2, He died 10 days later Career Battles

13 Stonewall Jackson Born: 1826 Name: Thomas Jonathan Jackson Went to school at the U.S. Military Academy and West Point Fought in Mexican War in 1848 Instructor at Virginia Military Institute Left VMI in 1861 to join Confederate Army SJ-Clip GandG

14 Ulysses S Grant In this picture we see Robert E. Lee surrendering to Grant. Grant won many early battles in the West, during the civil war. In 1864 he will become leader of the entire union army McClellan was original leader (Lincoln and McClellan don t really get along), The North went through a number of leaders before it went to Grant. Lee will eventually surrender to him in 1865 at Appomattox Courthouse in Virginia.

15 Sherman Will become leader in the West, after Grant is chosen to lead all the Northern Armies. Has a policy he uses called the Scorched Earth Policy (he basically is going to go through the south and burn everything to the ground. Famous March from Atlanta to Savannah Georgia

16 Main Battles Side Notes Southern 1. Ft. Sumter 1 st shots 2. Bull Run/Monasas (Stonewall Jackson) (Clip ) 3. Seven Days 6. Fredericksburg ( HS - use Gods and Generals) 7. Chancellorsville 4. Shiloh (tie) Northern Moral Victory Grant Surprised by Johnson. Johnson Dies Grant regroups both sides lose lots of men. Northern 5. Antietam - Discuss 8. Gettysburg Discuss 9. Chattanooga N. takes Tenn. And the South is in trouble 10. Skirmishes to Appomattox

17 Antietam Read Article Known as the Bloodiest Day in American History One of the most crucial battles in the Civil War 22,726 people died, or wounded in one day North won (McClellan Was the Northern Commander) Lincoln wrote the Emancipation Proclamation after the battle. Union army was finally able to win a major battle.

18 Antietam Before and After Before After Many feel the South is fighting for its home, families, independence, Freedom, and States Rights vs Federal Government North Fights to preserve the union Some feel the South was right to break away War becomes about the Slavery Issue And North now has a moral reason to fight the War The Union had 12,401 casualties with 2,108 dead. Confederate casualties were 10,318 with 1,546 dead. This represented 25% of the Federal force and 31% of the Confederate

19 CW Pop important Doc/Speeches given by Lincoln? accomplishments of Jefferson Davis? 5. Many US military leaders in the Civil War attended this School? 6. Many US Military leaders in the Civil War had prior military experience in this war? 7. Military leader offered command of Both sides during the Civil War? 8. Southern military leader that once taught at VMI? 9. N. general in charge until Grant took over? 10. Stonewall Jackson got the nickname Stonewall at what Civil War battle

20 Fredericksburg Battle Fri History Special 1. What are some of the Groups and who are some of the important People involved in this battle? 2. The N. thought it would win this battle with what? 3. Summarize this Battle. Make sure to discuss some of the weapons, times, and events! 4. Any Questions you have? Gods and Gen Clip

21 Questions From Fredericksburg What are some of the Groups and who are some of the important people involved in this battle? North Hancock Burnside Chamberlain (Ames 20th Maine) Cook Caldwell Irish (Mars) Brigade Zouaves Oriental style uniform guys South 2. The N. thought it would this battle with what? With #s 3. Summarize this Battle? Make sure to discuss some of the weapons, times, and events? Burnside thinking it would be best to wait for all the troops waits, while Lee fortifies the Town of Fredericksburg then defends it while the north tries to take it, giving the Yankees a hard time when they take the town (Day 1). Once the town is taken by the North, Lee and the South fortify the High-ground on the outskirts of the town. With the use of a great defensive strategy (Next few Days) Weapon include Muskets (scopes), Colts, Canons/Artillery, paper cartridges, bayonets, Horses Lee Jackson, Longstreet Picket Hood Southern Irish Brigade

22 Chancellorville In 1863, May 2 and 3 Near Frederiksburg, VA Lee divided his troops into 3 parts, and then surprised the Union Jackson was a leader of one of the groups Northern leaders Howard/Hooker didn t recover from the attack and retreated northward Unfortunately for the South Jackson was shot by his own man during this battle.

23 Battle of Gettysburg General George G. Meade Union/North Leader Born in 1815 Graduated from West Point in 1835 given command of the Penn. Volunteers then promoted to General. Served as Gen. In such battles as Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville and Gettysburg Commanded the Army of Potomac until the end of the war.

24 Civil War Pop What were 2 Civil War battles won by the South? 3. At what battle won by the South did Stonewall Jackson die? 4-5. What were 2 Civil War battles won by the North? 6. What Civil War battle is considered the Bloodiest single day American Battle? 7. What important Doc. Did Lincoln write after this Bloody Battle? 8. Main Northern General at this battle and in the early part of the Civil War? 9. Many US military leaders in the Civil War attended this School? 10. Many US Military leaders in the Civil War had prior military experience in this war?

25 Back to Gettysburg: Day 1: July 1, 1863 The confederates came in from the north and the Union arrived from the south. 3 miles from town, the Confederate army ran into the Union Cavalry Every Confederate and Union division now converged on Gettysburg The Confederates were closest and pushed the Union back through the town until the troops were rallied on to Cemetery Hill

26 Day 2: July 2, 1863 Through the night, the two armies continued to gather; by morning there were 65,000 Confederates and 85,000 Union troops General Lee wanted the Heights taken Little Round Top was attacked and almost taken over but was held as the sun set, the Union left and right still held

27 Day 3: July 3, 1863 Lee ordered the assault of the Union Center on Cemetery Ridge as his final attempt to win the battle He chose General George E. Pickett to lead the assault 13,000 men moved towards Cemetery Hill All Confederates who reached the Union wall were killed or captured Pickett s charge ended up with 6,500 Confederate men dead or captured.

28 Aftermath The bloodiest battle of the war 51,000 Casualties The North suffered 23,000 casualties the South 28,000 casualties. The Confederates retreating led a wagon that stretched 17 miles long Lee blamed himself for the defeat The battle of Gettysburg proved to the South that they were not able to invade the North The Union s win at Gettysburg gave them the strength to continue fighting until their victory in In Great Deeds - Chamberlain

29 In great deeds Charlie Daniels In great deed something abides on great fields, something stays forms change and pass, bodies disappear but spirits linger to consecrate ground for the vision place of the soul and reverent men and women from afar and generations that know us and that we know not of shall come here to ponder and to dream and the power of the vision shall pass into their souls -Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain Judgement Day

30 Civil War Pop What were 2 Civil War battles won by the South? 3. At what battle won by the South did Stonewall Jackson die? 4-5. What were 2 Civil War battles won by the North? 6. What Civil War battle is considered the Bloodiest single day American Battle? 7. What important Doc. Did Lincoln write after this Bloody Battle? 8. This is the Bloodiest Battle ever fought in North America? 9. How many days did this battle take? 10. Rounded to the nearest 10,000 how many casualties did both sides have at this battle?

31 Civil War Important Stuff Discuss Anaconda Plan N. Plan to Squeeze the life out of the south. 1. Go down Mississippi R. Fight way East 2. Blockade the Coast so the S. can t get supplies from other countries 3. Push through Virginia and Take Richmond

32 The Monitor and the Merrimac The Battle of Hampton Roads On March 9, 1862, the Monitor met and engaged the Merrimac for the first time off of the Virginia coast, where the Merrimac, also called the Virginia, had sunk two Union ships the day before. The two ships fought hard with little or no damage being done to either of them. They fought for several hours until the Merrimac was forced to draw back because of sinking tides. The battle was considered a stalemate and the two ships never met again. The Merrimac was eventually scuttled by the Confederates when they were forced to draw back from its port in Norfolk Navy Yard. The Monitor also sank in 1862 during a storm off Cape Hatteras in North Carolina

33 A Comparison of the two ships The Monitor Made in 1861 Lighter Had a rotating turret with two fifteen-inch guns Steam powered A Union ship Iron Clad The Merrimac Made in 1861 Heavier Had ten guns: four 6.4 in. and six 8 in. guns and a battering ram Steam powered A Confederate ship Iron Clad

34 Conclusion These two great ships paved the way for the iron clad battleships that would become common in America s navy. The two ships proved that the iron clad ship was a much more effective and versatile weapon than the original wooden sailing battleships

35 Women role in War More than 200 joined the war and spent time on the field They were usually found out shortly after joining because there were no places for privacy One woman was found out when he went into the hospital and emerged two days later with a baby Soldiers

36 Women in the North and South North: more apt to fight in wars worked in factories South: took over plantations smuggled weapons under their hoopskirts served as spies became teachers

37 Nurses They cooked for and tended to those that were injured or sick. They wrote letters and tailored the soldier s clothes They poured and administered medications They were very plain so as not to arouse the soldiers.

38 Organizations Elizabeth Blackwell the First Women Dr. helped women to organize the - US Sanitary Commission was made up of women who found a way to work for the war effort at home. Training Nurses, collecting Medical Supplies and equipping hospitals The New York Sanitary Fair was a fund-raising enterprise that collected over a million dollars for soldier relief The Christian Commission employed nurses that provided Bibles to the troops, deal with stress and what they had done. Civil War Story Hysteria

39 Andersonville Andersonville was a Confederate prisoner of war camp located near Andersonville, Georgia. 49,485 POWs were held there between Feb and Apr At one time there were as many as 30,000 prisoners crammed within the prison s walls. 13,700 Union prisoners died there, and it is now a national cemetery.

40 Elements such as inadequate food and water, along with congestion and filth led to scurvy and dysentery. This ultimately led to the demise of the prisoners. In 1865, medical officers arrested Major Henry Wirtz, the superintendent of the prison for murder. He was tried, convicted and later hung for his crime. Elements

41 Foreign Born Soldiers The Garibaldi regiment was the most multicultural Civil War unit 500,000+ foreign-born soldiers served in the Union armies. Confederacy had some French, German, and Irish brigades. Many f.b. soldiers rose to high ranks in both the Union and the Confederacy

42 Foreign Aid Russia was the only major European country to side solidly with the North. On September 11, 1863 bewildered New Yorkers watched the Imperial Russian Fleet sail into new York Harbor. The arrival was a shock to the U.S. government and to England and France. While in NYC, the Russian sailors were treated to many banquets in their honor. During their stay, they were horrified at the living conditions they saw and donated $4,760 to improve those conditions

43 Civil War Pop 3 1. Stonewall Jackson was shot and will eventually die a couple of days after this battle? 2. This 3 day battle was the largest battle ever fought in America? 3. How many died as a result of this battle? 4. Who was the leader for the North at this battle? 5. Who was the leader for the South at this battle? 6. This man led a failed charge on the third day of the battle for the Confederacy? 7. After the battle Lincoln gave a famous speech what is it called? 8. What is the equivalent of a Score when dealing with years? 9. How long was the retreating line of the Confederacy? 10. What imaginary line separates the N and the South?

44 Last Waltz for Dixie John Berry Our Virginia captain exhorts his men to do the undoable on the eve of the battle of Gettysburg. Here tonight as I look upon the faces of my brothers I remember all the others who are gone safe in his grace watching over this place with the dawn in to his hands we shall surrender to his glory and when they tell the story let them say of the sons of the gray no one turned away it s the last waltz for Dixie it s the last song she ll sing so play it with pride for all those who died and the spirit inside you that s the Dixie in me I believe.there has never been a group of men so splendid or a cause so well defended as our own be it heaven o hell hail and farewell it s the last waltz for Dixie it s the last song she ll sing so play it with pride for all those who died and the spirit inside you that s the Dixie in me for all we hold dear the road ahead is clear for all the things we honor the moment is here it s the last waltz for Dixie it s the last song she ll sing so play it with pride for all those who died and the spirit inside you that s the Dixie in me