Nuclear Weapons. and the Future of National Security
|
|
- Damon Morrison
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Nuclear Weapons and the Future of National Security 3
2 2 4
3 The Role of Nuclear Weapons We depend on nuclear weapons every day. The United States nuclear weapons have a unique ability to deter conflict, as well as to protect Americans and assure allies under the nuclear umbrella. The nuclear deterrent is the only weapons system I know of that has worked perfectly without fail, exactly as intended, for [its] entire life span. And because [it has] been so successful, then there may be some who have forgotten why we need [it]. General Larry Welch, USAF (ret.) Below: Getty Images Facing: Thinkstock Images We have to be careful when we start talking about one-for-one substitutions of conventional weapons for nuclear weapons, because the nuclear weapon has a deterrent factor that far exceeds a conventional threat. General Kevin Chilton, USAF (ret.) Facing page: The B-52 Stratofortress is a long-range, heavy bomber that can carry nuclear or precision guided conventional weapons and ammunition at altitudes up to 50,000 feet. It has been a mainstay of the United States nuclear program since the 1950s. 3
4 The State of the U.S. Nuclear Weapons Complex The U.S. nuclear weapons infrastructure is aging. Some of the facilities on which the United States relies date back to the 1940s Manhattan Project. Decades of underfunding have caused a situation in which our nuclear weapons may become unreliable in the future. Many of America s nuclear scientists and engineers with testing experience are quickly approaching retirement. The United States will soon have to rely on the scientific judgment of people who have never participated in nuclear weapons design or engineering. 4 [The Stockpile Stewardship Program] failed to provide the necessary surveillance of the aging warheads, was prevented by Congress from pursuing the Reliable Replacement Warhead, the Nuclear Penetrating Warhead or any new designs. Those actions denied the laboratories the opportunity to develop and demonstrate nuclear weapons competence from design through to production and flight tests. John Foster, former director of Defense Research and Engineering at the U.S. Department of Defense, and former director of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory To be blunt, there is absolutely no way we can maintain a credible deterrent and reduce the number of weapons in our stockpile without either resorting to testing our stockpile or pursuing a modernization program. Robert Gates, former Secretary of Defense Facing page, top left: Thin man bomb casings, developed in the 1940s as part of the Manhattan Project. Top right: Missile maintenance crewmen perform an electrical check on an LGM-30F Minuteman III intercontinental ballistic missile. Middle left: American physicist and Nobel Laureate Arthur Holly Compton on the cover of TIME Magazine on January 13, Center: General Leslie Groves (left) and J. Robert Oppenheimer working on the Manhattan Project. Bottom: U.S. ballistic missile submarine USS Tennessee (SSBN 734) departs Naval Submarine Base Kings Bay, Ga. Clockwise from top left: U.S. Department of Energy photo U.S. Air Force photo/tech. Sgt. Bob Wickley U.S. Navy photo/mass Communication Specialist 3rd Class Ashley Hedrick Time Magazine cover, WIDE WORLD photograph U.S. Department of Energy photo
5 5
6 The Need for Nuclear Modernization The United States is the only nuclear weapons power without an active, substantive nuclear weapons modernization program. If the U.S. fails to modernize our weapons array, we are disarming by attrition. President Obama committed to modernization of U.S. nuclear forces during the New Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (New START) debate, but the Administration s promises were short-lived. Between fiscal years 2012 and 2016, the Administration will have underfunded our nuclear weapons infrastructure by $1.4 billion, and that doesn t account for effects of sequestration. It also chose to delay critical weapons life extension programs and a critical Chemical and Metallurgy Research Replacement Facility, which leaves the country without a pit-production capability in the near future. I recognize that nuclear modernization requires investment for the long term, in addition to this one year increase. That is my commitment to the Congress that my administration will pursue these programs and capabilities as long as I am President. Letter from President Barack Obama to Senators Inouye, Feinstein, Cochran, and Alexander It is critical to accept the linkage between modernizing our current stockpile in order to achieve the policy objective of decreasing the number of weapons we have in our stockpile while still ensuring that the deterrent is safe, secure, and effective. Thomas D Agostino, former National Nuclear Security Administrator Currently, the United States is the only declared nuclear power that is neither modernizing its nuclear arsenal nor has the capability to produce a new nuclear warhead. The United Kingdom and France have programs to maintain their deterrent capabilities. China and Russia have embarked on an ambitious path to design and field new weapons. Robert Gates, former Secretary of Defense Facing page, top: Hull Technician 3rd Class Stewart Simpson at work in the Machinery Repair Shop aboard the nuclear-powered aircraft carrier USS Nimitz (CVN 68). Bottom: Sailors aboard the Ohio-class ballistic missile submarine USS Alabama (SSBN-731). Since her commissioning in 1985, the USS Alabama has participated in more than 50 deterrent patrols. 6 U.S. Navy photos. Bottom: Ray Narimatsu Top: Photographer s Mate 3rd Class Jeremiah Sholtis To support our stockpile and to continue producing the world class capabilities, we need to modernize our Cold War era facilities and maintain the Nation s expertise in uranium processing and plutonium research. Thomas D Agostino, former National Nuclear Security Administrator
7 7
8 8
9 Maintaining the Triad The triad of strategic delivery systems long-range bombers, intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs), and submarine-based missiles provide the best combination of attributes for today s uncertain and rapidly changing world. Submarines are highly survivable, ICBMs are responsive and inexpensive, and bombers have great signaling value for policymakers in a national security crisis. These unique attributes have granted the triad widespread support that should be sustained in the future. U.S. Navy photo/paul Farley Top left: U.S. Airforce Photo Top right: U.S. Air Force phot/gary Ell The triad of strategic delivery systems continues to have value. Each leg of the nuclear triad provides unique contributions to stability. As the overall force shrinks, their unique values become more prominent. Commission on the Strategic Posture of the United States Each leg of the triad has advantages that warrant retaining all three legs at this stage of reductions. Strategic nuclear submarines (SSBNs) and the SLBMs [submarine-launched ballistic missiles] they carry represent the most survivable leg of the U.S. nuclear triad. Single-warhead ICBMs contribute to stability and, like SLBMs, are not vulnerable to air defenses. Unlike ICBMs and SLBMs, bombers can be visibly deployed forward, as a signal in crisis to strengthen deterrence of potential adversaries and assurance of allies and partners Nuclear Posture Review Report I intend to (a) modernize or replace the triad of strategic nuclear delivery systems: a heavy bomber and air-launched cruise missile, and ICBM, and a nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine (SSBN) and SLBM; and (b) maintain the rocket motor industrial base. President Barack Obama Facing page: Top left: A Minuteman III land-based intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) takes off at Vandenberg Air Force Base. The Minuteman III is currently the only land-based ICBM in service in the United States. Top right: A B-2 Spirit bomber, or Stealth bomber, flies across an open stretch of sky. The B-2 Spirit is a multi-role bomber capable of delivering both conventional and nuclear munitions. Bottom: The USS Memphis, a nuclear-powered attack submarine, heads out to sea following a brief port visit at Souda Bay, Crete, Greece. 9
10 Nuclear Weapons in the National Security Strategy The U.S. declaratory policy must be simple and forceful so that our adversaries have as little room to miscalculate as possible. It should be credible and consistent with U.S. values, especially this country s appreciation for life. Our goal should be to deploy nuclear weapons when their unique capabilities will substantially improve the likelihood of successfully defending the U.S. and its allies against strategic attack. The Obama Administration s policy, laid out in the Nuclear Posture Review Report, creates confusing categories of decision making. This could delay U.S. reactions in times of crisis. As President, I changed our nuclear posture to reduce the number and role of nuclear weapons in our national security strategy. I made it clear that the United States will not develop nuclear warheads. And we will not pursue new military missions for nuclear weapons. We ve narrowed the range of contingencies under which we would ever use or threaten nuclear weapons. President Barack Obama Beyond responsibly reducing the number of nuclear weapons, this Administration has been committed to reducing their role in our national security strategy as well. We are not developing new nuclear weapons; we are not pursuing new nuclear missions; we are working toward creating the conditions to make deterring nuclear use the sole purpose of our nuclear weapons; and we have clearly stated that it is in our interest and the interest of all other states that the more than 65-year record of nuclear non-use be extended forever. Rose Gottemoeller, Assistant Secretary of State for Arms Control, Verification, and Compliance 10 Facing page: The UGM-133A TRIDENT II/D5 Submarine-Launched Ballistic Missile is the sixth generation of the U.S. Navy s Fleet Ballistic Missile program, which started in As the Navy continues to address future deterrence requirements against weapons of mass destruction, the TRIDENT II/D5 will ensure that the United States has a modern, survivable strategic deterrent. U.S. Navy photo
11 11
12 Role of Nuclear Weapons Around the World Nuclear deterrence depends on a foe s belief that its enemy is willing and able to employ nuclear weapons. Leaders around the world understand this and are making nuclear weapons the centerpiece of their foreign policies. Russia has increased its reliance on nuclear weapons in its most recent national security strategy. China s nuclear weapons strategy remains opaque and extensive nuclear modernization programs are underway. NATO Any possible reduction in America s nuclear capabilities in Europe would be contrary to Europe s security and NATO s cohesion. The former defense ministers of NATO members Poland, Latvia, and Lithuania China The lack of transparency surrounding China s nuclear programs their pace and scope, as well as the strategy and doctrine that guide them raises questions about China s future strategic intentions. James Miller, Under Secretary of Defense for Policy It is not possible to accurately determine the precise level or conditions at which the PRC leadership might elect to attempt to match the U.S. nuclear inventory. General Robert Kehler, USAF Russia If you read recent Russian military doctrine they are actually increasing their reliance on nuclear weapons, the role of nuclear weapons in their strategy. Michèle Flournoy, former Under Secretary of Defense for Policy As regard to [the] use of nuclear weapons in case of aggression, of course [Russia will use them in this case]. What else were they built for? Sergei Ivanov, former Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation We have corrected the conditions for use of nuclear weapons to resist aggression with conventional forces not only in large-scale wars, but also in regional or even a local one. There is also a multiple-options provision for use of nuclear weapons depending on the situation and intentions of the potential enemy. In a situation critical for national security, we don t exclude a preventive nuclear strike at the aggressor. Nikolay Patrushev, Secretary of the Security Council of Russia 12
13 Poland is making itself a target. This is 100 percent certain. Such targets are destroyed as a first priority. General Anatoly Nogovitsyn, Russia s Deputy Chief of General Staff From a technical viewpoint, there are no restrictions on the possibility of the use of missiles by Russia s Strategic Missile Force (RVSN). It does not take a long time to select a target and enter it in the flight duty of an intercontinental ballistic missile. Col. General Sergei Karakayev, Commander of Russia s Strategic Missile Troops A decision to use destructive force preemptively will be taken if the situation worsens [referring to U.S. missile defense deployments to Europe]. Nikolai Makarov, Russia s Chief of General Staff ARMS CONTROL Nuclear powers emerge as U.S. stockpile shrinks America s stockpile of nuclear weapons is 78 percent smaller now than in 1987, as new treaties took effect. Since then, Pakistan and North Korea have become nuclear powers, and Iran has aggressively sought to develop nuclear weapons. U.S. Nuclear Arms Total Stockpile 1963 Limited Test Ban Treaty 1968 Non-Proliferation Treaty 1972 SALT I 1979 SALT II* 1988 INF Treaty 1991 START I** 1993 START II*** 2003 SORT 35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5, Nuclear States Newly added nation Russia U.K. (USSR) U.S. France China Israel India Pakistan North Korea * Never formally ratified ** Entered into force in 1994 *** Never entered into force Note: Israel s status as a nuclear state is undeclared, but believed to have begun in Sources: National Resources Defense Council, Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, Center for Defense Information, U.S. Department of Energy. The Heritage Foundation 13
14 14
15 Should the United States Reduce? The U.S. has yet to see the effects of the reductions required by the New START Treaty, nor have our critical nuclear systems received the funding for the required modernization. Yet, the Administration is intent on another round of reductions. I do not agree that it is more than is needed. I think the arsenal that we have is exactly what is needed today to provide the deterrent. And I say this in light of when we talk about the non-deployed portion of the arsenal, it is sized to be able to allow us to hedge against both technical failures in the current deployed arsenal and any geopolitical concerns that might cause us to need more weapons deployed. General Kevin Chilton, USAF (ret.) The first obstacle is in our heads or at least the heads of some people. It is this vision that somehow, if we dismantle our strategic nuclear deterrent, other nations would follow our lead and the world would then be a safer place. The only basis for the idea that drastically reducing the number of nukes we have would magically make us safer and help eliminate other nuclear dangers is hope. But hope is not a plan, and hope is not a basis for security. Leading the world to zero nuclear weapons is, at best, a fairy tale. General Larry Welch, USAF (ret.) Nuclear weapons will be with us for a long time. After this treaty, our focus must be on stopping dangerous proliferators not on further reductions in the U.S. and Russian strategic arsenals, which are really no threat to each other or to international stability. Condoleezza Rice, former Secretary of State U.S. Air Force photo/master Sgt. John Nimmo Facing page: The F-35A Lightning II, seen here during aerial refueling, carries the B61 nuclear bombs that remain a part of the United States Enduring Stockpile. 15 Cover Photo Comstock
16 Today, America faces the risk of creating a gap between our nuclear capabilities and the future demands of an uncertain strategic environment. Because we simply don t know what the future holds, we must revitalize the U.S. nuclear-weapons complex both for ourselves and for our allies around the globe. To learn more about sound nuclear weapons policies, visit heritage.org. 214 Massachusetts Avenue, NE Washington, DC (202) heritage.org 2
US Nuclear Policy: A Mixed Message
US Nuclear Policy: A Mixed Message Hans M. Kristensen* The Monthly Komei (Japan) June 2013 Four years ago, a newly elected President Barack Obama reenergized the international arms control community with
More informationNuclear Forces: Restore the Primacy of Deterrence
December 2016 Nuclear Forces: Restore the Primacy of Deterrence Thomas Karako Overview U.S. nuclear deterrent forces have long been the foundation of U.S. national security and the highest priority of
More informationSetting Priorities for Nuclear Modernization. By Lawrence J. Korb and Adam Mount February
LT. REBECCA REBARICH/U.S. NAVY VIA ASSOCIATED PRESS Setting Priorities for Nuclear Modernization By Lawrence J. Korb and Adam Mount February 2016 WWW.AMERICANPROGRESS.ORG Introduction and summary In the
More informationPolicy Responses to Nuclear Threats: Nuclear Posturing After the Cold War
Policy Responses to Nuclear Threats: Nuclear Posturing After the Cold War Hans M. Kristensen Director, Nuclear Information Project Federation of American Scientists Presented to Global Threat Lecture Series
More informationWhat if the Obama Administration Changes US Nuclear Policy? Potential Effects on the Strategic Nuclear War Plan
What if the Obama Administration Changes US Nuclear Policy? Potential Effects on the Strategic Nuclear War Plan Hans M. Kristensen hkristensen@fas.org 202-454-4695 Presentation to "Building Up or Breaking
More informationIssue Briefs. NNSA's '3+2' Nuclear Warhead Plan Does Not Add Up
Issue Briefs Volume 5, Issue 6, May 6, 2014 In March, the Obama administration announced it would delay key elements of its "3+2" plan to rebuild the U.S. stockpile of nuclear warheads amidst growing concern
More informationIssue Briefs. Nuclear Weapons: Less Is More. Nuclear Weapons: Less Is More Published on Arms Control Association (
Issue Briefs Volume 3, Issue 10, July 9, 2012 In the coming weeks, following a long bipartisan tradition, President Barack Obama is expected to take a step away from the nuclear brink by proposing further
More informationChallenges of a New Capability-Based Defense Strategy: Transforming US Strategic Forces. J.D. Crouch II March 5, 2003
Challenges of a New Capability-Based Defense Strategy: Transforming US Strategic Forces J.D. Crouch II March 5, 2003 Current and Future Security Environment Weapons of Mass Destruction Missile Proliferation?
More informationU.S. Nuclear Policy and World Nuclear Situation
U.S. Nuclear Policy and World Nuclear Situation Presentation by Hans M. Kristensen (consultant, Natural Resources Defense Council) Phone: (202) 513-6249 / 289-6868 Website: http://www.nukestrat.com To
More informationOHIO Replacement. Meeting America s Enduring Requirement for Sea-Based Strategic Deterrence
OHIO Replacement Meeting America s Enduring Requirement for Sea-Based Strategic Deterrence 1 Why Recapitalize Our SSBN Force? As long as these weapons exist, the United States will maintain a safe, secure,
More informationAlso this week, we celebrate the signing of the New START Treaty, which was ratified and entered into force in 2011.
April 9, 2015 The Honorable Barack Obama The White House Washington, DC 20500 Dear Mr. President: Six years ago this week in Prague you gave hope to the world when you spoke clearly and with conviction
More informationReducing the waste in nuclear weapons modernization
Reducing the waste in nuclear weapons modernization Frank von Hippel, Program on Science and Global Security and International Panel on Fissile Materials, Princeton University Coalition for Peace Action
More informationWhy Japan Should Support No First Use
Why Japan Should Support No First Use Last year, the New York Times and the Washington Post reported that President Obama was considering ruling out the first-use of nuclear weapons, as one of several
More informationNUCLEAR ARMS CONTROL: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN Steven Pifer Senior Fellow Director, Arms Control Initiative October 10, 2012
NUCLEAR ARMS CONTROL: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN 2013 Steven Pifer Senior Fellow Director, Arms Control Initiative October 10, 2012 Lecture Outline How further nuclear arms reductions and arms control
More informationThe Need for a Strong U.S. Nuclear Deterrent In the 21 st Century. A White Paper By Franklin C. Miller
The Need for a Strong U.S. Nuclear Deterrent In the 21 st Century A White Paper By Franklin C. Miller THE SUBMARINE INDUSTRIAL BASE COUNCIL About the Author Franklin C. Miller is an internationally recognized
More informationModernization of US Nuclear Forces: Costs in Perspective
LLNL-TR-732241 Modernization of US Nuclear Forces: Costs in Perspective D. Tapia-Jimenez May 31, 2017 Disclaimer This document was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States
More informationSEEKING A RESPONSIVE NUCLEAR WEAPONS INFRASTRUCTURE AND STOCKPILE TRANSFORMATION. John R. Harvey National Nuclear Security Administration
SEEKING A RESPONSIVE NUCLEAR WEAPONS INFRASTRUCTURE AND STOCKPILE TRANSFORMATION John R. Harvey National Nuclear Security Administration Presented to the National Academy of Sciences Symposium on: Post-Cold
More informationFuture Russian Strategic Challenges Mark B.Schneider
Future Russian Strategic Challenges Mark B.Schneider Russia clearly represents a very serious strategic challenge. Russia has become increasingly anti-democratic and hostile to the US. Alexei Kudrin, Russian
More informationNuclear Weapons Status and Options Under a START Follow-On Agreement
Nuclear Weapons Status and Options Under a START Follow-On Agreement Hans M. Kristensen Federation of American Scientists Presentation to Arms Control Association Briefing Next Steps in U.S.-Russian Nuclear
More informationOctober 2017 SWIM CALL
SWIM CALL The Silent Sentinel, February 2018 2 The Silent Sentinel, February 2018 3 USS Barbel (SS-316) Lost on Feb 4,1945 with the loss of 81 officers and men on her 4th war patrol. Based on Japanese
More informationPerspectives on the 2013 Budget Request and President Obama s Guidance on the Future of the U.S. Nuclear Weapons Program
Perspectives on the 2013 Budget Request and President Obama s Guidance on the Future of the U.S. Nuclear Weapons Program Hans M. Kristensen Director, Nuclear Information Project Federation of American
More informationU.S. Nuclear Strategy After the 2010 Nuclear Posture Review
U.S. Nuclear Strategy After the 2010 Nuclear Posture Review Hans M. Kristensen Director, Nuclear Information Project Federation of American Scientists Presentation to Alternative Approaches to Future U.S.
More informationNuclear Disarmament Weapons Stockpiles
Nuclear Disarmament Weapons Stockpiles Country Strategic Nuclear Forces Delivery System Strategic Nuclear Forces Non Strategic Nuclear Forces Operational Non deployed Last update: August 2011 Total Nuclear
More informationTriad, Dyad, Monad? Shaping U.S. Nuclear Forces for the Future. Presentation to the Air Force Association Mitchell Institute for Airpower Studies
Triad, Dyad, onad? Shaping U.S. Nuclear Forces for the Future Presentation to the Air Force Association itchell Institute for Airpower Studies Dana J. Johnson, Christopher J. Bowie, and Robert P. affa
More informationAmeric a s Strategic Posture
Americ a s Strategic Posture The Final Report of the Congressional Commission on the Strategic Posture of the United States William J. Perry, Chairman James R. Schlesinger, Vice-Chairman Harry Cartland
More informationMATCHING: Match the term with its description.
Arms RACE Name THE ARMS RACE The United States and the Soviet Union became engaged in a nuclear arms race during the Cold War. Both nations spent billions of dollars trying to build up huge stockpiles
More informationChapter 11 DIVERSITY OF U.S. STRATEGIC FORCES
Chapter 11 DIVERSITY OF U.S. STRATEGIC FORCES Chapter ll. DIVERSITY OF U.S. STRATEGIC FORCES Page Overview..................................................303 Diversity and Vulnerability.............................304
More informationNATO's Nuclear Forces in the New Security Environment
Page 1 of 9 Last updated: 03-Jun-2004 9:36 NATO Issues Eng./Fr. NATO's Nuclear Forces in the New Security Environment Background The dramatic changes in the Euro-Atlantic strategic landscape brought by
More informationJoint Statement for the Record
Not for Public Release until Received by the Senate Armed Services Committee Joint Statement for the Record The Honorable Madelyn Creedon Assistant Secretary of Defense for Global Strategic Affairs and
More informationArms Control and Proliferation Profile: The United Kingdom
Fact Sheets & Briefs Updated: March 2017 The United Kingdom maintains an arsenal of 215 nuclear weapons and has reduced its deployed strategic warheads to 120, which are fielded solely by its Vanguard-class
More information1 Nuclear Posture Review Report
1 Nuclear Posture Review Report April 2010 CONTENTS PREFACE i EXECUTIVE SUMMARY iii INTRODUCTION 1 THE CHANGED AND CHANGING NUCLEAR SECURITY ENVIRONMENT 3 PREVENTING NUCLEAR PROLIFERATION AND NUCLEAR
More informationU.S. Strategic Nuclear Forces: Background, Developments, and Issues
U.S. Strategic Nuclear Forces: Background, Developments, and Issues Amy F. Woolf Specialist in Nuclear Weapons Policy November 3, 2015 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RL33640 Summary
More informationDifferences Between House and Senate FY 2019 NDAA on Major Nuclear Provisions
Differences Between House and Senate FY 2019 NDAA on Major Nuclear Provisions Topline President s Request House Approved Senate Approved Department of Defense base budget $617.1 billion $616.7 billion
More informationThis page left intentionally blank
2018 REVIEW This page left intentionally blank FEBRUARY 2018 OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE REVIEW This page left intentionally blank CONTENTS SECRETARY S PREFACE... I EXECUTIVE SUMMARY... V Introduction...
More informationU.S. Strategic Nuclear Forces: Background, Developments, and Issues
U.S. Strategic Nuclear Forces: Background, Developments, and Issues Amy F. Woolf Specialist in Nuclear Weapons Policy January 14, 2013 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress
More informationBeyond Trident: A Civil Society Perspective on WMD Proliferation
Beyond Trident: A Civil Society Perspective on WMD Proliferation Ian Davis, Ph.D. Co-Executive Director British American Security Information Council (BASIC) ESRC RESEARCH SEMINAR SERIES NEW APPROACHES
More informationTHE FUTURE OF U.S.-RUSSIAN ARMS CONTROL
TASK FORCE ON U.S. POLICY TOWARD RUSSIA, UKRAINE, AND EURASIA THE FUTURE OF U.S.-RUSSIAN ARMS CONTROL STEVEN PIFER INTRODUCTION The United States and Russia concluded the New Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty
More informationU.S. Strategic Nuclear Forces: Background, Developments, and Issues
U.S. Strategic Nuclear Forces: Background, Developments, and Issues Amy F. Woolf Specialist in Nuclear Weapons Policy January 20, 2010 Congressional Research Service CRS Report for Congress Prepared for
More informationLadies and gentlemen, it is a pleasure to once again six years for me now to
062416 Air Force Association, Reserve Officers Association and National Defense Industrial Association Capitol Hill Forum Prepared Remarks by Admiral Terry Benedict, Director of the Navy s Strategic Systems
More informationU.S. Strategic Nuclear Forces: Background, Developments, and Issues
U.S. Strategic Nuclear Forces: Background, Developments, and Issues Amy F. Woolf Specialist in Nuclear Weapons Policy March 10, 2011 Congressional Research Service CRS Report for Congress Prepared for
More informationGREAT DECISIONS WEEK 8 NUCLEAR SECURITY
GREAT DECISIONS WEEK 8 NUCLEAR SECURITY Acronyms, abbreviations and such IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency ICBM Intercontinental Ballistic Missile NPT Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons Treaty
More informationTime to Modernize and Revitalize the Nuclear Triad
No. 2646 January 27, 2012 Time to Modernize and Revitalize the Nuclear Triad Baker Spring and Michaela Bendikova Abstract: The U.S. nuclear triad of heavy bombers, intercontinental-range ballistic missiles
More information1 Nuclear Weapons. Chapter 1 Issues in the International Community. Part I Security Environment Surrounding Japan
1 Nuclear Weapons 1 The United States, the former Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, France, and China. France and China signed the NPT in 1992. 2 Article 6 of the NPT sets out the obligation of signatory
More informationU.S. Strategic Nuclear Forces: Background, Developments, and Issues
U.S. Strategic Nuclear Forces: Background, Developments, and Issues Amy F. Woolf Specialist in Nuclear Weapons Policy July 14, 2009 Congressional Research Service CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members
More informationV. Chinese nuclear forces
WORLD NUCLEAR FORCES 491 V. Chinese nuclear forces PHILLIP PATTON SCHELL AND HANS M. KRISTENSEN China maintains an estimated total stockpile of about 260 nuclear warheads, a number which has remained relatively
More informationConsiderations for a US Nuclear Force Structure below a 1,000-Warhead Limit
Considerations for a US Nuclear Force Structure below a 1,000-Warhead Limit David J. Baylor, Colonel, USAF On 5 April 2009 in Prague, Czech Republic, President Obama committed the United States to seeking
More informationGreat Decisions Paying for U.S. global engagement and the military. Aaron Karp, 13 January 2018
Great Decisions 2018 Paying for U.S. global engagement and the military Aaron Karp, 13 January 2018 I. Funding America s four militaries not as equal as they look Times Square Strategy wears a dollar sign*
More informationDEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE PRESENTATION TO THE SENATE ARMED SERVICES COMMITTEE SUBCOMMITTEE ON STRATEGIC FORCES UNITED STATES SENATE
NOT FOR PUBLICATION UNTIL RELEASED BY SENATE ARMED SERVICES COMMITTEE SUBCOMMITTEE ON STRATEGIC FORCES UNITED STATES SENATE DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE PRESENTATION TO THE SENATE ARMED SERVICES COMMITTEE
More informationU.S. Strategic Nuclear Forces: Background, Developments, and Issues
Order Code RL33640 U.S. Strategic Nuclear Forces: Background, Developments, and Issues Updated April 3, 2007 Amy F. Woolf Specialist in National Defense Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division U.S.
More informationPrepared for Members and Committees of Congress
Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Œ œ Ÿ During the Cold War, the U.S. nuclear arsenal contained many types of delivery vehicles for nuclear weapons. The longer range systems, which included
More informationNonstrategic Nuclear Weapons
Order Code RL32572 Nonstrategic Nuclear Weapons Updated July 29, 2008 Amy F. Woolf Specialist in National Defense Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Nonstrategic Nuclear Weapons Summary During
More informationCRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web
Order Code RL32572 CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web Nonstrategic Nuclear Weapons September 9, 2004 Amy F. Woolf Specialist in National Defense Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
More informationU.S. Strategic Nuclear Forces: Background, Developments, and Issues
U.S. Strategic Nuclear Forces: Background, Developments, and Issues Amy F. Woolf Specialist in Nuclear Weapons Policy September 27, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RL33640 Summary
More informationUS-Russian Nuclear Disarmament: Current Record and Possible Further Steps 1. Russian Deputy Foreign Minister Sergei Ryabkov
US-Russian Nuclear Disarmament: Current Record and Possible Further Steps 1 Russian Deputy Foreign Minister Sergei Ryabkov Nuclear disarmament is getting higher and higher on international agenda. The
More informationU.S. Strategic Nuclear Forces: Background, Developments, and Issues
U.S. Strategic Nuclear Forces: Background, Developments, and Issues Amy F. Woolf Specialist in Nuclear Weapons Policy May 15, 2014 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RL33640 Summary Even
More informationSUB Hamburg A/ Nuclear Armament. GREENHAVEN PRESS A part of Gale, Cengage Learning. GALE CENGAGE Learning-
SUB Hamburg A/559537 Nuclear Armament Debra A. Miller, Book Editor GREENHAVEN PRESS A part of Gale, Cengage Learning QC? GALE CENGAGE Learning- Detroit New York San Francisco New Haven, Conn Waterville,
More informationU.S. Strategic Nuclear Forces: Background, Developments, and Issues
Order Code RL33640 U.S. Strategic Nuclear Forces: Background, Developments, and Issues Updated January 24, 2008 Amy F. Woolf Specialist in National Defense Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division
More informationU.S. Strategic Nuclear Forces: Background, Developments, and Issues
Order Code RL33640 U.S. Strategic Nuclear Forces: Background, Developments, and Issues Updated August 5, 2008 Amy F. Woolf Specialist in National Defense Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division U.S.
More informationU.S. Strategic Nuclear Forces: Background, Developments, and Issues
U.S. Strategic Nuclear Forces: Background, Developments, and Issues Amy F. Woolf Specialist in Nuclear Weapons Policy June 14, 2013 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress
More informationNuclear Disarmament: Weapons Stockpiles
Nuclear Disarmament: Weapons Stockpiles Updated September 2013 Country Strategic Nuclear Forces - Delivery System Strategic Nuclear Forces - Non-Strategic Nuclear Forces Operational Non-deployed Belarus
More informationLess than a year after the first atomic
By Sidney D. Drell and James E. Goodby Nuclear Deterrence In a Changed World 8 Less than a year after the first atomic bombings, Albert Einstein warned, Our world faces a crisis as yet unperceived by those
More informationThe best days in this job are when I have the privilege of visiting our Soldiers, Sailors, Airmen,
The best days in this job are when I have the privilege of visiting our Soldiers, Sailors, Airmen, Marines, and Civilians who serve each day and are either involved in war, preparing for war, or executing
More informationNonstrategic Nuclear Weapons
Amy F. Woolf Specialist in Nuclear Weapons Policy February 2, 2011 Congressional Research Service CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress 7-5700 www.crs.gov RL32572 Summary
More informationHOMELAND SECURITY PRESIDENTIAL DIRECTIVE-4. Subject: National Strategy to Combat Weapons of Mass Destruction
[National Security Presidential Directives -17] HOMELAND SECURITY PRESIDENTIAL DIRECTIVE-4 Unclassified version December 2002 Subject: National Strategy to Combat Weapons of Mass Destruction "The gravest
More informationRethinking the Foundations of the National Security Strategy and the QDR Seminar Series 20 May 2009 Dr. Lewis A. Dunn
Rethinking the Foundations of the National Security Strategy and the QDR Seminar Series 20 May 2009 Dr. Lewis A. Dunn Science Applications International Corporation 21 st Century Deterrence Challenges
More informationPENTAGON SPENDING AT HISTORICALLY HIGH LEVELS FOR OVER A DECADE
July 2017 For more information, contact Anthony Wier at fcnlinfo@fcnl.org PENTAGON SPENDING AT HISTORICALLY HIGH LEVELS FOR OVER A DECADE Discretionary outlays for budget function 050 [national defense];
More informationHow Barack Obama s Vision of a Nuclear-Free World Weakens America s Security: Russia, Deterrence, and Missile Defense
No. 1165 Delivered June 16, 2010 September 10, 2010 How Barack Obama s Vision of a Nuclear-Free World Weakens America s Security: Russia, Deterrence, and Missile Defense Dan Gouré, Ph.D. Abstract: Barack
More informationTrends in World Nuclear Forces, 2016
Center for Security Studies Trends in World Nuclear Forces, 2016 28 Dec 2016 By Shannon N Kile and Hans M Kristensen for Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) According to Hans Kristensen
More informationAnalysis of Fiscal Year 2018 National Defense Authorization Bill: HR Differences Between House and Senate NDAA on Major Nuclear Provisions
Analysis of Fiscal Year 2018 National Defense Authorization Bill: HR 2810 Differences Between House and Senate NDAA on Major Nuclear Provisions A. Treaties: 1. Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty
More informationth Street, NW Sixth Floor Washington, DC
1015 15th Street, NW Sixth Floor Washington, DC 20005 202 974 2400 www.hudson.org INTRODUCTION The U.S.-Russian Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty of 1991 (START) is set to expire in December 2009 and the
More informationNew START Treaty U.S. Senate Briefing Book. A Joint Product of the United States Departments of State and Defense April 2010
New START Treaty U.S. Senate Briefing Book A Joint Product of the United States Departments of State and Defense April 2010 New START Treaty U.S. Senate Briefing Book SUMMARY A Joint Product of the United
More informationItaly s Nuclear Anniversary: Fake Reassurance For a King s Ransom
Italy s Nuclear Anniversary: Fake Reassurance For a King s Ransom Posted on Jun.30, 2014 in NATO, Nuclear Weapons, United States by Hans M. Kristensen A new placard at Ghedi Air Base implies that U.S.
More informationNonstrategic Nuclear Weapons
Amy F. Woolf Specialist in Nuclear Weapons Policy February 21, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RL32572 Summary Recent debates about U.S. nuclear weapons have questioned what role
More informationStrategic Deterrence for the Future
Strategic Deterrence for the Future Adm Cecil D. Haney, USN Our nation s investment in effective and credible strategic forces has helped protect our country for nearly seven decades. That proud legacy
More informationThe Iran Nuclear Deal: Where we are and our options going forward
The Iran Nuclear Deal: Where we are and our options going forward Frank von Hippel, Senior Research Physicist and Professor of Public and International Affairs emeritus Program on Science and Global Security,
More informationU.S. Nuclear Planning After the 2001 Nuclear Posture Review
U.S. Nuclear Planning After the 2001 Nuclear Posture Review Presentation by Hans M. Kristensen Consultant, Natural Resources Defense Council Phone: (202) 513-6249 / Fax: (202) 289-6868 Email: hkristensen@msn.com
More informationDéfense nationale, July US National Security Strategy and pre-emption. Hans M. KRISTENSEN
Défense nationale, July 2006 US National Security Strategy and pre-emption Hans M. KRISTENSEN According to a US National Security Strategy analysis conducted in 2006, preemption has evolved from concept
More informationBanning Ballistic Missiles? Missile Control for a Nuclear-Weapon-Free World
Banning Ballistic Missiles? Missile Control for a Nuclear-Weapon-Free World Jürgen Scheffran Program in Arms Control, Disarmament and International Security University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign International
More informationInternational Affairs
International Affairs East View Press http://www.eastviewpress.com/journals/internationalaffairs.aspx Donald Trump s Nuclear Strategy 111 Donald Trump s Nuclear Strategy: First Outlines V. Kozin U.S. PRESIDENT
More informationSUMMARY OF NATIONAL DEFENSE PROGRAM GUIDELINES. for FY 2011 and beyond
(Provisional Translation) SUMMARY OF NATIONAL DEFENSE PROGRAM GUIDELINES for FY 2011 and beyond Approved by the Security Council and the Cabinet on December 17, 2010 I. NDPG s Objective II. Basic Principles
More informationTerms. Administration Outlook. The Setting Massive Retaliation ( ) Eisenhower State of the Union Address (2/53)
Terms 1952-1959 Bomber Gap ICBM BMEWS Missile Gap Sputnik CENTO U2 DIA Disarmament The Nuclearization of U.S. National Security Policy Arms control hardening sites Open Skies SLBM Gaither Report First
More informationStrategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT) I and II
Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT) I and II The Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT) refers to two arms control treaties SALT I and SALT II that were negotiated over ten years, from 1969 to 1979.
More informationMedia Backgrounder: Nuclear Weapons and the Foreign Policy Debate
Media Backgrounder: Nuclear Weapons and the Foreign Policy Debate Pressroom Backgrounder: Nuclear Weapons, National Security, and the October 22 Foreign Policy Debate For Immediate Release: October 22,
More informationASSIGNMENT An element that enables a seadependent nation to project its political, economic, and military strengths seaward is known as 1-5.
ASSIGNMENT 1 Textbook Assignment: Chapter 1, U.S. Naval Tradition, pages 1-1 through 1-22 and Chapter 2, Leadership and Administrative Responsibilities, pages 2-1 through 2-8. 1-n element that enables
More informationARMS CONTROL, SECURITY COOPERATION AND U.S. RUSSIAN RELATIONS
# 78 VALDAI PAPERS November 2017 www.valdaiclub.com ARMS CONTROL, SECURITY COOPERATION AND U.S. RUSSIAN RELATIONS Steven Pifer About the Author Steven Pifer Non-Resident Senior Fellow in the Arms Control
More informationWe Produce the Future
We Produce the Future Think Tank Presentation Space Weaponization A Blended Approach to Nuclear Deterrence Capt Joey Aguilo Space Acquisitions Program Manager Capt Samuel Backes Cyberspace Operations Officer
More informationRemarks by President Bill Clinton On National Missile Defense
Remarks by President Bill Clinton On National Missile Defense Arms Control Today Remarks by President Bill Clinton On National Missile Defense President Bill Clinton announced September 1 that he would
More informationGlobal Vigilance, Global Reach, Global Power for America
Global Vigilance, Global Reach, Global Power for America The World s Greatest Air Force Powered by Airmen, Fueled by Innovation Gen Mark A. Welsh III, USAF The Air Force has been certainly among the most
More informationCRS Report for Con. The Bush Administration's Proposal For ICBM Modernization, SDI, and the B-2 Bomber
CRS Report for Con The Bush Administration's Proposal For ICBM Modernization, SDI, and the B-2 Bomber Approved {,i. c, nt y,,. r r'ii^i7" Jonathan Medalia Specialist in National Defense Foreign Affairs
More informationAMERICA S ARMY: THE STRENGTH OF THE NATION AS OF: AUGUST
AS OF: AUGUST 2010 1 Overview Background Objectives Signatories Major Provisions Implementation and Compliance (I&C) U.S. Army Space and Missile Defense Command / Army Forces Strategic Command (USASMDC/ARSTRAT)
More informationSTATEMENT OF DR. STEPHEN YOUNGER DIRECTOR, DEFENSE THREAT REDUCTION AGENCY BEFORE THE SENATE ARMED SERVICES COMMITTEE
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY UNTIL RELEASED BY THE SENATE ARMED SERVICES COMMITTEE STATEMENT OF DR. STEPHEN YOUNGER DIRECTOR, DEFENSE THREAT REDUCTION AGENCY BEFORE THE SENATE ARMED SERVICES COMMITTEE EMERGING
More informationNonstrategic Nuclear Weapons
Amy F. Woolf Specialist in Nuclear Weapons Policy January 14, 2010 Congressional Research Service CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress 7-5700 www.crs.gov RL32572 c11173008
More informationRole and Modernization Trends of China s Second Artillery
Role and Modernization Trends of China s Second Artillery Speaker: Dr. Roshan Khanijo, Senior Research Fellow, United Services Institution of India Chair: M V Rappai, Honorary Fellow, ICS 14 October 2015
More informationThe Next Round: The United States and Nuclear Arms Reductions After
Foreign Policy at BROOKINGS The Next Round: The United States and Nuclear Arms Reductions After New Start Steven Pifer Arms Control Series Paper 4 December 2010 Foreign Policy at BROOKINGS The Next Round:
More informationUNIDIR RESOURCES IDEAS FOR PEACE AND SECURITY. Transparency in Nuclear Disarmament. March Transparency in Nuclear Disarmament
IDEAS FOR PEACE AND SECURITY UNIDIR RESOURCES Transparency in Nuclear Disarmament Pavel Podvig Programme Lead, Weapons of Mass Destruction UNIDIR Transparency in Nuclear Disarmament March 2012 Nuclear
More informationNUCLEAR ARMS CONTROL AND DISARMAMENT POLICY BEYOND THE OBAMA ADMINISTRATION
NUCLEAR ARMS CONTROL AND DISARMAMENT POLICY BEYOND THE OBAMA ADMINISTRATION Alexander Glaser Princeton University whitehouse.gov National Institute for Defense Studies Tokyo, 15 September 2016 Revision
More informationTHE NUCLEAR WORLD IN THE EARLY 21 ST CENTURY
THE NUCLEAR WORLD IN THE EARLY 21 ST CENTURY SITUATION WHO HAS NUCLEAR WEAPONS: THE COLD WAR TODAY CURRENT THREATS TO THE U.S.: RUSSIA NORTH KOREA IRAN TERRORISTS METHODS TO HANDLE THE THREATS: DETERRENCE
More informationASSESSMENT OF THE SAFETY OF US NUCLEAR WEAPONS AND RELATED NUCLEAR TEST REQUIREMENTS
OCCASIONAL REPORT ASSESSMENT OF THE SAFETY OF US NUCLEAR WEAPONS AND RELATED NUCLEAR TEST REQUIREMENTS Ray E. Kidder a This brief report was prepared in response to a letter of 17 July 1990 by Honorable
More informationBy Thomas Scheber National Institute for Public Policy. Foreword By Congressman Roscoe Bartlett and Congressman Terry Everett
RELIABLE REPLACEMENT WARHEADS: PERSPECTIVES AND ISSUES August 2007 By Thomas Scheber National Institute for Public Policy Foreword By Congressman Roscoe Bartlett and Congressman Terry Everett A Publication
More informationNATO s Ballistic Missile Defense Plans a game changer? February 22, 2011
UNIDIR/IFSH Presentation Geneva, Palais des Nations NATO s Ballistic Missile Defense Plans a game changer? February 22, 2011 Götz Neuneck, Hans Christian Gils, Christian Alwardt IFSH, University of Hamburg
More information