Schools. Hospitals. Hospitals and schools. Criticality after disastrous events. Managing Disaster risk in Schools and Hospitals

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Managing Disaster risk in Schools and Hospitals Hari Kumar GeoHazards Schools Hospitals Hospitals and schools Criticality after disastrous events Both will figure in most list of critical facilities

1 Managing Disaster risk in Schools and Hospitals Hari Kumar GeoHazards Schools Hospitals Hospitals and schools Criticality after disastrous events Both will figure in most list of critical facilities Both are close to and owned by our communities Different roles duringand afterdisastrous events, especially rapid onset events like earthquakes or fires Duringsuch events, we would want people inside these to be safe. Maybe more in schools than in hospitals Schools Ensure everyone is safe Children to be handed back to parents Schools may be used for relief distribution or as temporary shelter Restoration of education Hospitals Ensure everyone is safe Hospital to be ready to handle influx of patients Hospital to remain functional Preparedness to handle mass casualties Back up utilities Building safe Supplies 1

Components of a Hospital Access Routes Open Buildings Safe Supplies Available Staff Safe and Prepared Hospital Communications Medical Equipment Utility Systems Off-Site Utilities What all can happen

City Emergency services available Hospital affected, has to respond to save lives. City Emergency services available Hospital affected.

2 Components of a Hospital Access Routes Open Buildings Safe Supplies Available Staff Safe and Prepared Hospital Communications Medical Equipment Utility Systems Off-Site Utilities What all can happen Emergency in the city Emergency in Hospital Emergency in city & Hospital Hospital unaffected, has to respond to save external lives. City Emergency services available Hospital affected, has to respond to save lives. City Emergency services available Hospital affected. City emergency services limited Planning for Fire Safety Fire in 3 minutes Minimizing the chance of fire Early discovery Restricting fire spread Extinguishing the fire & Evacuating the building. Planning for Evacuation If a fire should persist, it then may be necessary to remove patients from their usual locations to safer portions of the building. Vertical evacuation of patients is not encouraged. Planning technique which may avoid the need for an extensive evacuation procedure or, if total evacuation is necessary, will afford more time with less risk to the patients- compartmentalization. Compartmentalization is the division of a floor area into two or more subareas by the use of transverse fire resistive partitions and corridor doors. 2

Who will decide whether to evacuate patients

Where do we evacuate the patients within the

we take the patients to temporary refuge

87 cm 87 cm 70 cm - Fire exits (accessibility

3 Who will decide whether to evacuate patients or not? Where do we evacuate the patients within the hospital campus? How do we evacuate the patients?-fire exits (accessibility and usability) Can we take the patients to temporary refuge spaces? 87 cm 87 cm 70 cm How do we evacuate the patients?- Fire exits (accessibility and usability) This can quickly change.. 1m to this.. The further you are from the last earthquake Last earthquake 1505 Last earthquake? Image credit: Figure 12 from Kumar et al. (2010, Journal of Geophysical Research 3

Hospitals are Particularly at Risk Preventing Collapse is Critical Photo credit: Mehmet

Geological Survey Photo credit: Kanchan Sabnis, GeoHazards Society Photo credit: Manisha

. But are earthquake resistant Hospital buildings enough for the facility to remain

Components of a Hospital If earthquake shaking can cause this.

4 Hospitals are Particularly at Risk Preventing Collapse is Critical Photo credit: Mehmet Celebi, U.S. Geological Survey Photo credit: Kanchan Sabnis, GeoHazards Society Photo credit: Manisha Dharan, THOT Designs Non-structural safety Structural risk mitigation is important.. But are earthquake resistant Hospital buildings enough for the facility to remain functional? What happens inside buildings in an earthquake? Components of a Hospital If earthquake shaking can cause this.. Access Routes Open Buildings Safe Supplies Available Staff Safe and Prepared Hospital Medical Equipment Utility Systems 2010 M8.8 Maule, Chile Earthquake Communications Off-Site Utilities Photo credit: William T. Holmes, Rutherford & Chekene 4

5 ..what can happen here? and here? Can we exit safely after an Earthquake? With stretchers, wheelchairs etc?? Spot the hazards 5

Spot the person Autoclaves and Sterilizers Photo credit: Janise Rodgers, GHI

in Hospital Emergency Preparedness Form a hospital safety committee Assess risk

Mitigate risk Assess Risk Determine hazards: shaking, ground failure, other

architectural elements and building utility systems Transportation systems and

6 Spot the person Autoclaves and Sterilizers Photo credit: Janise Rodgers, GHI 187 pages Available for free download at the Hospital Safety page at Hospital Emergency Preparedness Form a hospital safety committee Assess risk Develop an emergency plan Prepare people and provisions Family Preparedness Mitigate risk Assess Risk Determine hazards: shaking, ground failure, other hazards such as fire Determine vulnerability of: Buildings Equipment, contents, architectural elements and building utility systems Transportation systems and utilities serving hospital Multi-hazard assessment tools available from WHO and others 6

7 Process for Developing a Plan Families safe for Hospital Preparedness Develop Form committee What can happen? Assign Tasks Test Home Hazard identification Family preparedness Plan Family Emergency Kit Revise Hospitals In Schools Hazard mitigation Assess Buildings-especially critical functions Safety of Utility Services and back up Safety of Medical equipment Preparedness Planning for emergencies Develop Hospital DMP Assess training needs and provide Tabletop exercises Preparedness Drills (department-wise using dummy patients) Hospital Networking Steps to Safer schools Basic Disaster Awareness Hazard identification and mitigation Preparedness planning Preparedness Drills Involve parents Structural Safety New buildings Existing buildings Lack of planning kills students What Hazards? 25 Oct

evaluation Fire safety audit Development of

construction Include Private hospitals Education

mitigation Preparedness drills Involve parents New

8 What Hazards? YOU? YOU? What Hazards? Hospitals and schools Health Hospital preparedness evaluation Fire safety audit Development of Hospital DMPs Standards for hospital building construction Include Private hospitals Education School Preparedness evaluation Falling hazards mitigation Preparedness drills Involve parents New buildings as per code Assess existing buildings Include private schools Not my job! 8

9 Let us Prepare and Prevent, than repair and repent! Follow us on FB -GeoHazards Society 9

SECTION EARTHQUAKE

SECTION EARTHQUAKE SECTION 11.14 EARTHQUAKE PROCEDURES TO BE FOLLOWED IN THE EVENT THAT A SIGNIFICANT EARTHQUAKE AFFECTS LOMA LINDA UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER PREPARATION Education and Training: 1. The Safety Officers oversee