OF HISTORY VOLUME Hawaiian Historical Society

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1 THE HAWAIIAN OF HISTORY JOURNAL VOLUME Hawaiian Historical Society

2 EDITOR Michael E. Macmillan Hawaiian Historical Society Publishers ASSOCIATE EDITORS Dan Boylan Professor of History, University ofhawai'i West O'ahu Helen G. Chapin Vice-President Emerita, Hawai'i Pacific University Lela Goodell Cataloger (retired), Hawaiian Mission Children's Society Library Frances Jackson Associate Library Specialist (retired), University ofhawai'i E. Alison Kay Professor of Zoology, University ofhawai'i at Mdnoa Eleanor C. Nordyke Population Specialist (retired), East-West Population Institute Philip F. Rehbock Professor, History and General Science Departments, University ofhawai'i at Mdnoa Robert C. Schmitt State Statistician (retired), Hawai'i State Department of Business and Economic Development Amy K. Stillman Assistant Professor of Music, University of California, Santa Barbara BOOK REVIEW EDITOR Nancy J. Morris Head of Special Collections, Hamilton Library, University ofhawai'i at Mdnoa BIBLIOGRAPHER Chieko Tachihata Hawaiian Curator, Hamilton Library, University of Hawai'i at Mdnoa EDITORIAL INFORMATION 560 Kawaiaha'o St., Honolulu, Hawai'i Phone: MEMBERSHIP Annual Memberships: Senior Citizen (over 65) $25.00 per year Regular $30.00 per year Contributing (family) $50.00 per year Sponsor $ per year Associate $ per year Corporate Business $ per year Educational Institution $30.00 per year Life Memberships: Partner $1, per year Benefactor $2, per year Patron $5, per year Members receive the Journal and the newsletter free of charge and are entitled to a discount on publications. A catalog of the Society's publications and of other books for sale will be sent free of charge on request. SUBSCRIPTIONS Checks for subscriptions and dues should be made payable to the Hawaiian Historical Society and mailed to the editorial address above. Single copies and back issues of The Hawaiian Journal of History are available from the Society. Please notify the Society of changes of address. Articles are indexed in America History and Life ISSN: The Journal is composed and manufactured through the production services program of the University of Hawai'i Press. Printed on acid-free paper.

3 THE HAWAIIAN JOURNAL OF HISTORY Devoted to the history of Hawai'i, Polynesia, and the Pacific Area Volume ARTICLES Mormons and the Smallpox Epidemic of SCOTT G. KENNEY Missionary Contributions to Hawaiian Natural History: What Darwin Didn't Know 27 E. ALISON KAY "A Memoria of What the People Were": The Sandwich Island Institute and Hawaiian Spectator 53 BOB DYE Opera and Operetta in Nineteenth-Century Hawai'i 71 DALE E. HALL Hawai'i Turns to Sugar: The Rise of the Plantation Centers, CAROL A. MACLENNAN An English Entrepreneur in the Hawaiian Islands: The Life and Times of John Kidwell, RICHARD A. HAWKINS Hawai'i's Beers and Brewers 143 ROBERT C. SCHMITT Sun Yat-sen's Christian Schooling in Hawai'i 151 IRMA TAM SOONG

4 THE HAWAIIAN JOURNAL OF HISTORY Modified Mahanism: Pearl Harbor, the Pacific War, and Changes to U.S. National Security Strategy for the Pacific Basin, HAL M. FRIEDMANN NOTES 8c QUERIES Submissions by James Rumford, Kaori O'Connor, Robert C. Schmitt, and Richard Greer 205 BOOK REVIEWS Unconquerable Rebel: Robert W. Wilcox and Hawaiian Politics, ERNEST ANDRADE, JR. Reviewed by Patricia M. Alvarez Women and Children First: The Life and Times of Elsie Wilcox of Kaua 'i 219 JUDITH DEAN GETHING HUGHES Reviewed by Patricia M. Alvarez The Shipmans of East Hawai 'i 223 EMMETT CAHILL Reviewed by Sandra Wagner-Wright Shaping History: The Role of Newspapers in Hawai'i 224 HELEN GERACIMOS CHAPIN Reviewed by Ronn Ronck Waikiki 100 B.C. to 1900 A.D.: An Untold Story 228 GEORGE s. KANAHELE Reviewed by Susan Yim Surveying the Mahele: Mapping the Hawaiian Land Revolution 230 RILEY M. MOFFAT AND GARY L. FITZPATRICK Reviewed by Tom Dye The Filipino Piecemeal Sugar Strike of JOHN E. REINECKE Reviewed by Charles S. Sasaki Sugar Water: Hawaii's Plantation Ditches 235 CAROL WILCOX Reviewed by Phyllis Turnbull

5 CONTENTS Who Runs the University? The Politics of Higher Education in Hawaii, DAVID YOUNT Reviewed by Dan Boylan BIBLIOGRAPHY Hawaiiana in 1996: A Bibliography of Titles of Historical Interest 241 CHIEKO TACHIHATA, NANCY MORRIS, AND JOAN HORI ON THE COVER Japanese immigrants photographed by Eduard Arning at the Honolulu immigration station on 15 February The original glass plates of Arning's photographs are held by the Museum fur Volkerkunde in Hamburg, Germany. Copies of the photographs are in the Hawaiian Historical Society collection Hawaiian Historical Society. Printed in the United States of America.

6 Abbreviations ABCFM AH BH BHL BHM BPBM BPRO CCM DB DPI EB F FO & Ex FOLB HA HAA HBC HG HHS HJH HMCS HSB ID IDLB IDLF IDM MH P PCA PCR PP RHAS SIG SIN SSB & A American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions State Archives of Hawai'i Board of Health, AH Board of Health Letters, AH Board of Health Minutes, AH Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum British Public Record Office Cabinet Council Minutes, AH Daily Bulletin Department of Public Instruction, AH Evening Bulletin The Friend Foreign Office and Executive File, AH Foreign Office Letter Book, AH Honolulu Advertiser Hawaiian Almanac and Annual; also called Thrum's Annual Hawai'i State Bureau of Conveyances Hawaiian Gazette Hawaiian Historical Society Hawaiian Journal of History Hawaiian Mission Children's Society Honolulu Star-Bulletin Interior Department, AH Interior Department Letter Book, AH Interior Department Land File, AH Interior Department Miscellaneous, AH Missionary Herald Polynesian Pacific Commercial Advertiser Privy Council Records, AH Paradise of the Pacific Royal Hawaiian Agricultural Society Sandwich Islands Gazette Sandwich Islands News Sunday Star-Bulletin and Advertiser