Chapter 18: America Claims an Empire

Transcription

1 Name: American History 8 ENRICHED Date: Mrs. Bevan Chapter 18: America Claims an Empire Isolationism: Expansionism: Imperialism: In his Farewell Address, George Washington wanted the nation to steer clear of permanent alliances and have as little political connection as possible with foreign nations. Manifest Destiny: U.S. belief that it was destined to expand from coast to coast. Reasons for U.S. Imperialism: 1) Competition 2) Military Strength 3) Desire for new markets 4) Cultural Superiority Section 1: Imperialism and America, p Homework DUE: I. Imperialism and America a. American Expansionism i. Imperialism: b. Global Competition i. European nations competed for control of territories in Africa and. ii. Manifest Destiny (glossary): c. Desire for Military Strength i. Admiral believed that the U.S. should build up its in order to protect American business and shipping interests around the world. d. Thirst for New Markets i. The U.S. needed and for its agricultural and manufactured goods. e. Belief in Cultural Superiority i. Some Americans believed that they had a responsibility to II. The United States Acquires Alaska a. Secretary of State bought Alaska from the for. b. Many called Alaska Seward s Folly because. III. The United States Takes Hawaii a. The Hawaiian islands became important because (3 reasons) b. The Cry for Annexation i. Describe the change in Hawaii s population in the late 1800s (graph p. 550) ii. Many American planters in Hawaii wanted the U.S. to annex Hawaii because iii. Hawaii allowed the U.S. to build Pearl Harbor, which became a

2 c. The End of a Monarchy i. American business leaders forced King Kalakaua to grant voting rights to. ii. Queen Liliuokalani tried to return power to the by removing property-owning qualifications from voting. iii. Ambassador John Stevens organized a revolution and overthrew the queen and set up a government led by. iv. In 1898, Hawaii became a and in 1959 it became a. Why did U.S. investors want the U.S. to annex Hawaii? Do you think this decision was fair? Explain. ******************************************************************************************* Section 2: The Spanish-American War, p Homework Assignment Due: I. One American s Story a. After reading this story, many Americans felt sympathy for the. b. In the quote, what nation do you think should be wise enough to aid this blood-smitten land? II. Cubans Rebel Against Spain a. By the end of the 1800s, Spain s colonies included. b. American Interest in Cuba i. The Cubans tried to rebel against in 1868 and ii. After Cuba s slaves were set free, Americans began investing in. c. The Second War for Independence i. Jose Marti used to fight for Cuban independence. ii. He encouraged rebels to destroy American sugar mills and plantations in order to. iii. His slogan meant free Cuba! III. War Fever Escalates a. Spanish General was known as the Butcher for his harsh tactics against Cuban civilians. b. Headline Wars i. American newspapers, such as William Randolph Hearst s and Joseph Pulitzer s, competed by printing exaggerated accounts of what was happening in Cuba. ii. Yellow Journalism: iii. When Hearst said, You furnish the pictures and I ll furnish the war, he meant that Explain why many Americans sympathized with Cuba. Explain the role that yellow journalism played in the Spanish-American War.

3 c. The De Lome Letter i. President McKinley tried to keep the peace with Spain and even convinced them to recall General Weyler, and. ii. In the De Lome letter, which was leaked to the press, De Lome, a Spanish minister to the U.S., criticized President McKinley, calling him d. The U.S.S. Maine Explodes i. Although no one knew why the ship exploded, the newspapers blamed. Explain why America decided to go to war with Spain. Do you think that America s decision to declare war was justified? Explain. IV. War with Spain Erupts a. became the rallying cry for U.S. intervention in Cuba. b. The War in the Philippines i. Commodore led the American fleet to attack the Spanish in the Philippines. ii. America supported Filipino rebels led by. c. The War in the Caribbean i. Admiral led the naval blockade of Cuba. d. Rough Riders i. The Rough Riders were a volunteer cavalry unit under the command of. ii. The Rough Riders became famous for their victory at Kettle Hill, which enabled the infantry to gain control of. iii. American troops also invaded. e. Treaty of Paris i. Secretary of State John Hay referred to the Spanish American War as a splendid little war because. ii. The terms of the treaty included: 1. Spain freed. 2. U.S. gained he islands of Guam and. 3. U.S. bought the for $20 million. f. Debate Over the Treaty i. McKinley convinced Americans that taking over the Philippines was necessary because. ii. Explain the meaning of the cartoon on p. 557 Do you think that the Spanish-American War should be described as a splendid little war? *******************************************************************************************

4 Section 3: Acquiring New Lands, p Homework Assignment Due: I. Ruling Puerto Rico a. After the Spanish American War, some Puerto Ricans wanted, others wanted, and others wanted. b. Return to Civil Government i. Puerto Rico was important to American interests because ii. The Foraker Act gave the U.S. the power to. Puerto Ricans would be able to. c. Now and Then (Box) i. In three separate votes, Puerto Ricans rejected statehood and independence in favor of. ii. Puerto Ricans are U.S. citizens, but they cannot. Jones Act II. Cuba and the United States a. American Soldiers i. Some Cubans feared that Americans would rule Cuba just like had. ii. The American military helped the Cubans by. b. Platt Amendment i. The main idea of the Platt Amendment is (in your own words) ii. Under the terms of this treaty, Cuba became a U.S. protectorate, which means iii. Describe the meaning of the cartoon on p. 560: c. Protecting American Business Interests i. Many Americans argued against colonial entanglements, but the U.S. intervened in the Western Hemisphere when we needed to protect our. III. Filipinos Rebel a. Emilio Aguinaldo led Filipinos who wanted from the U.S. b. Philippine-American War i. After three years, America put down the rebellion, but during that time about 200,000 Filipino civilians died from. c. Aftermath of the War Compare America s i. After treatment years of American of Cuba, rule, Puerto the Philippines Rico, and the finally Philippines. gained their on July 4, Japan closed its ports to most foreigners from Commodore Perry Treaty of Kanagawa -

5 IV. Foreign Influence in China a. In the 1800s, France, Germany, Britain, Japan, and Russia had carved out r areas where each nation claimed special rights and economic privileges. b. John Hay s Open Door Notes i. Secretary of State John Hay s Open Door notes asked other nations to c. The Boxer Rebellion in China i. The Boxers tried to rid China of. ii. Troops from Britain, France, Germany, Japan, and America put down the. d. Protecting American Rights i. The goal of the Open Door Policy was to. V. The Impact of U.S. Territorial Gains a. The Anti-Imperialist League believed Spheres of Influence Open Door Policy ******************************************************************************************* Section 4: America as a World Power, p Homework Assignment Due: I. Teddy Roosevelt and the World a. Roosevelt the Peacemaker i. Roosevelt helped to broker a peace agreement between and. b. Panama Canal i. Many Americans believed that a canal cutting across Central America was necessary because ii. The route through was considered easier because it crossed a large lake. iii. The route through was shorter but filled with. iv. In order to build the canal, the U.S. needed permission from. When it did not give permission, Philippe Bunau-Varilla organized a rebellion. c. Constructing the Canal i. Some of the problems included: ii. Explain the purpose of the lock system (picture, p. 567): Explain why the Canal was important to the U.S. Describe some of the challenges in building the canal.

6 d. The Roosevelt Corollary i. The Monroe Doctrine said ii. When TR said, Speak softly and carry a big stick, he meant that iii. The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine warned that the U.S. would now use force to e. Dollar Diplomacy i. In 1911, the U.S. intervened in to prevent it from defaulting on its loans. ii. Dollar diplomacy means II. Woodrow Wilson s Missionary Diplomacy a. Missionary diplomacy meant that b. The Mexican Revolution i. In 1911, Francisco Madero overthrew, who had supported American investments in Mexico. ii. In 1913, General Victoriano Huerta overthrew. c. Intervention in Mexico i. After Mexico arrested a group of American sailors, the U.S.. ii. The Huerta regime collapsed and became President of Mexico. The U.S. then withdrew its troops. d. Rebellion in Mexico i. and led another rebellion against the Carranza government. e. Chasing Villa i. After 17 Americans were killed in Mexico, General John J. Pershing and 15,000 soldiers were sent to capture. ii. U.S. intervention in Mexico showed that it would use war if necessary to protect its foreign investments. iii. The U.S. achieved several foreign policy goals in the early 20 th Century: 1. Expanded its access to. 2. Built a. 3. Exercised its in Latin America. III. The Panama Canal: Funnel for Trade (p ) a. Using the Panama Canal can shorten the journey from NY to San Francisco from 13,000 miles to miles. b. The canal allow a section of the canal to be closed off so that the water level can be raised or lowered to move the ship over the Continental Divide. How does the Roosevelt Corollary change American foreign policy? Do you think that current American foreign policy is more like Dollar Diplomacy or Moral Diplomacy?