War in Southeast Asia. A Chronology of Events

Transcription

1 War i Southeast Asia A Chroology of Evets

2 The War i Southeast Asia America s most upopular war America s logest ad most expesive war The best techical war moey could buy America hardly ever lost a tactical battle A war America did ot wi

3 Vietam: Part 1: A Framework OBJECTIVE: Kow the sigificat evets surroudig the U.S. Air Force s ivolvemet i the war i Southeast Asia. Samples of Behavior: Describe U.S. ivolvemet i Vietam betwee World War II ad the Gulf of Toki Icidet i August 1964 Defie the Southeast Asia Treaty Orgaizatio (SEATO( SEATO) Describe sigificace of the Gulf of Toki Icidet,, August 1964

4 Samples of Behavior (Cotiued): Describe the graduated respose strategy the U.S. adopted i Vietam betwee 1965 ad 1968 Describe the sigificace of the Tet Offesive of 1968 State the purpose of Presidet Nixo s Vietamizatio program Describe the fate of South Vietam followig the U.S. withdrawal i 1973

5 Overview Video Backgroud Highlight major evets framework Discussio

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7 The War i Southeast Asia (Some Similarities with Korea) Japaese had occupied i WWII u Artificially divided at coclusio Commuists wated to uify Doctrie of Cotaimet brought US ivolvemet Heavily supported by Chia ad the Soviet Uio Occurred withi framework of Cold War (with uclear implicatios) u Limited war with political restrictios But Vietam War left far greater scars o political ad military ladscape may lessos to be leared

8 The War i Southeast Asia The Frech Era to 1954 Laos, Vietam ad Cambodia origially a Frech coloy -- 19th cetury Japaese occupied SEA at start of WW II u Opposed by guerrilla force led by Ho Chi Mih u US backed Ho Chi Mih s efforts to oust Japa At ed of WW II, Ho declared Vietam a idepedet atio Allies igored Ho ad divided Vietam at the 16th parallel -- Potsdam Coferece

9 The War i Southeast Asia The Frech Era (Cot) Frech filled power vacuum after WW II Key Evet ufightig Fightig betwee Frace ad Vietmih bega i 1946 uus US supports Frech $2.5 B mil aid Frech defeated at Die Bie Phu i 1954 urequested US air support -- uclear if ecessary -- did t t get it Frace withdrew from Idochia-- --for good

10 Geeva Accords -- July 1954 Officially eded Frace-Vietmih struggle Divided Vietam at the 17th parallel useparated Separated by a demilitarized zoe (DMZ) Partitio was to be temporary uelectios Electios plaed for did t t occur upresidet Presidet Diem (South Vietam) feared Ho Chi Mih of North Vietam would wi With the Frech goe who would stop commuism?

11 Southeast Asia Treaty Orgaizatio SEATO Iitiated by the US i Sept 1954 to prevet spread of commuism -- Domio Theory 8 Member atios: u US, UK, Frace, Australia, New Zealad, Thailad, Philippies, ad Pakista Politically justified US actios i S Vietam Ulike NATO, did t t require participats to support each other with military force u Oly Australia, New Zealad, ad Thailad set troops

12 US Ivolvemet to North Vietam icreased actios to uify North ad South US reluctatly filled power vacuum i advisory capacity ugree Gree Berets arrive Oct to trai oly uus US icreased actio to prevet a North victory Aug N Vietamese guboats attack 2 US destroyers i the Gulf of Toki Why was it key? Because Key Evet

13 Gulf of Toki Resolutio --Aug 64 Passed by Cogress 7 Aug 1964 uradically Radically altered the War i SE Asia uempowered Presidet Johso to: To take all ecessary steps to repel armed attack agaist US forces To take all ecessary steps, icludig force, to assist S Vietam ad ay member of SEATO Committed US to fight for South Vietam

14 US Build-up to Maries/Army arrive u AF Rollig Thuder bombig campaig bega By 1969, US troop stregth reached 543,000 (+500,000 supportig war from other Asia coutries ad Pacific bases) US egaged i a guerrilla war Seige of Khe Sah 30 Ja North lauched Tet Offesive Key Evet

15 Tet Offesive of 1968 The Begiig of the Ed North attacked 12 US bases ad Embassy A tactical failure -- a huge strategic success uamerica America public s s cofidece i war effort plummeted ceased to believe we could wi America s first Televisio War

16 Oppositio to the war icreased sigificatly After Tet,, US objective was to get out with hoor

17 Vietamizatio The US Withdrawal Nov 1968 Johso does t t ru; Nixo elected o promise to ed the war i Southeast Asia Nixo s s Vietamizatio program was to retur the war to the South Vietamese u US to provide advice, traiig ad material u Retured US ad S Vietam to pre-1965 roles US forces bega withdrawig i Jue 1969 u US morale dropped / wiig o loger a goal

18 Evets Surroudig the Paris Peace Talks Talks bega i 68 but achieved othig unorth North Vietam kew time was o their side US uits cotiued to withdraw uby By 1972, 200K US troops had left Vietam March 72-- North lauched its Easter Offesive agaist South Vietam uus US airpower repelled attack (Liebacker( I) I

19 Evets Surroudig the Paris Peace Talks (Cot) Talks resumed, but they agai stalled Dec 1972, Nixo ordered massive bombig of North Vietam (Liebacker( II) ub-52s pummeled the North unorth North the egotiated i earest Peace Accords siged Ja 73 uus US withdrew all uits by Mar 73 15

20 Epilogue: The Fall of South Vietam After North cotiued to build uus US refused to help Feb 75, North lauched Ho Chi Mih campaig usouth South easily defeated without US air support Laos ad Cambodia fell quickly thereafter

21 The War i Southeast Asia Costs to the US 6.3 millio tos of bombs (12 x Korea; 2 x WW II) 2,257 aircraft lost ($3.1 billio value) $141 billio spet 58,135 Americas killed So besides cost how did Vietam chage America?

22 The War i Southeast Asia (Some of the ways we were chaged) US reluctace to egage i coflicts that do t directly threate atioal iterests Cogress restricted Presidet s s ability to commit US military forces How? Some public aimosity towards military (ad govermet) The all-voluteer military force 18-yr yr-olds got the vote Icreased emphasis o military resources, traiig ad weapos

23 Test Your Uderstadig (Coclusio) 1. What was the US s s ivolvemet i Vietam prior to the Gulf of Toki icidet i 64? 2. What was the purpose of SEATO? 3. What was the biggest differece betwee SEATO ad NATO? 4. What was the sigificace of the Gulf of Toki icidet i Aug 64?

24 Test Your Uderstadig (Coclusio) 5. What was the graduated respose strategy adopted by the US betwee 65 ad What was the sigificace of the Tet Offesive? 7. What was the purpose of Nixo s Vietamizatio program? 8. What was the fate of South Vietam after the US withdrew i 1973?

25 Trivia Questio Where is this?