Take out your rubbing from the Vietnam Veterans Memorial Wall.

Transcription

1 Take out your rubbing from the Vietnam Veterans Memorial Wall.

2 Vietnam Veterans Memorial Wall 1. What general observations can you make about your visit to the Vietnam Veterans Memorial Wall? 2. What personal connections did you make? 3. Did anyone around you ask why you were making a rubbing? 4. What emotions did you feel when you were at the wall? 5. What emotions might Vietnam veterans feel at the Wall?

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4 THE NAMES 58, 253 Americans killed in Vietnam It would take 32 hours to read them all out loud Vietnam divided our country more than any other issue since the Civil War Why the tears over Vietnam? Why the anger over Vietnam?

5 Vietnam: The Longest War What do you know? What do you want to know???

6 Objectives Identify the causes of the Vietnam War Describe the Hawks vs. Doves debate EQ: How far should the gov t go to promote equality and opportunity? Notes Evaluation Agenda

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8 Where is Vietnam??? (pg 802) Vietnam is a country of tropical lowlands, hills, and densely forested highlands, with level land covering no more than 20% of the area.

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10 Copy this diagram onto 2 pages of your notebook

11 Number of Military Advisers and Troops Timeline of Key Events in Vietnam 500, , , , ,000 50,000 10,000

12 1. Include these Dates/Events on your Timeline 2. Write a summary for each date/event on your Timeline 3. Include Vocabulary words in bold Section : Vietnam declares independence : U.S. mil aid to French Indochina 1954: Battle of Dien Bien Phu 1954: Geneva Accords

13 51.2 US supported Vietnamese and Ho Chi Minh (their leader) during WWII (they were anti-japan) Vietnam declares independence, 1945 France claimed it needed Vietnam as a colony to recover from WWII FR troops took control of s. half of Vietnam September 2, Ho Chi Minh, leader of the Vietnamese independence movement, quoted from the Declaration of Independence when he declared Vietnamese independence from foreign rule. Members of this independence movement became known as Viet Minh. U.S. military aid to French Indochina, President Truman, seeing the First Indochina War as a fight against the spread of communism, called for increased military aid to French Indochina. Aid increased from $10 million in 1950 to more than $100 million in Pushed Ho Chi Minh further away from U.S., towards China and U.S.S.R. (and communism!)

14 51.2 Battle of Dien Bien Phu, 1954 Viet Minh forces launched a surprise attack against a large French military base at Dien Bien Phu and surrounded more than 12,000 French troops. President Eisenhower considered sending in U.S. bombers to save the French troops, but he decided not to increase U.S. involvement. The Viet Minh overran the base, and France began pulling out of Vietnam. Geneva Accords, 1954 Under the Geneva Accords, the First Indochina War ended and Vietnam was split temporarily along the 17 th parallel. The Viet Minh moved north of that line; the French moved south.

15 Review Who were the Viet Minh? North Vietnamese group opposed to foreign occupation; communist Fought the French in First Indochina War Fought U.S. in Vietnam War Who won the First Indochina War? Viet Minh French lost at Dien Bien Phu (U.S. had provided military aid to French~80% of total war cost!) What major decision occurred with the signing of the Geneva Accords? Vietnam split the 17 th parallel What did the U.S. do at this point? Sent military advisors Who were the Viet Cong? ( Vietnamese Communists ; Viet Minh communists living in South Vietnam)

16 WWJD? (What Would JFK Do?) Send more aid to Vietnam to contain communism! 1962: 9,000 military advisors, but NO COMBAT TROOPS! Diem out Buddhist monk protesting Diem

17 1. Include these Dates/Events on your Timeline 2. Write a summary for each date/event on your Timeline 3. Include Vocabulary words in bold Section : Gulf of Tonkin Incident 1965: Arguments from Hawks 1965: Arguments from Doves

18 51.3 Gulf of Tonkin Incident North Vietnamese patrol boats fired on a U.S. destroyer off the coast of North Vietnam. Two nights later, U.S. sailors thought they had been attacked again; in fact, no attack had taken place. LBJ used these attacks as justification to push the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution through Congress. This resolution, passing with just two votes against, allowed the president to take all necessary measures to prevent further aggression by the North Vietnamese. Carte Blanche Blank Check for the President; he could do whatever he wanted.

19 WWJD? (What Would Johnson Do?) Gulf of Tonkin Resolution USS Maddox attacked (Once? Twice?) by N. Vietnamese patrol boats Congress gave military power to LBJ w/o declaring war U.S. already operating in N. Vietnam Operation Rolling Thunder: 1 st bomb campaign in N. Vietnam Targeted Ho Chi Minh Trail

20 National Security Advisors Should the president significantly increase U.S. military involvement in Vietnam?

21 Create a T Chart VS HAWKS DOVES 1. With your group, carefully read each excerpt to determine whether the speaker supports (Hawk) or does not support (Dove) increased U.S. military involvement in Vietnam. 2. On the appropriate side of your T-chart, write the number of the excerpt and a short summary in your own words of the argument(s) the speaker uses to support his position.

22 VS HAWKS EXCERPT 1 (future nat l security benefits) EXCERPT 2 (N. Vietnamese won t take us seriously; containment; WE ARE A SUPER POWER!) EXCERPT 4 (containment) EXCERPT 5 (save our reputation!) DOVES EXCERPT 3 (take away from Great Society; WWIII???) EXCERPT 6 (ground forces doesn t mean victory; chance for a war impossible for us to win) EXCERPT 7 (war with no end in sight; + death; $$$; risk of a fight with China/Soviets) EXCERPT 8 (Vietnam is not the place to fight communism we can t win b/c Vietnamese will be supported by China; heavy losses for U.S.)

23 51.4 First U.S. combat troops land in Vietnam, ,500 marines arrived in Da Nang, South Vietnam. defend the air base (planes bombing sites in the north) soon sent out to find and eliminate enemy forces(searchand-destroy missions) led to first firefights with the Viet Cong.

24 51.4 Operation Starlite, 1965 First major assault by 5,500 U.S. ground troops in Vietnam against 1,500 Viet Cong (preparing to attack a U.S. air base) Supported by tanks and fighter planes, the marines killed more than 600 VC 45 marines KIA What was the significance?

25 1954: Domino Effect Feeling that if one country in Southeast Asia fell to communism, all would fall Stated by President Eisenhower

26 President Vietnam Policy (what did they do? KEY VOCAB: Ngo Dinh Diem Vietcong Ho Chi Minh Trail Tonkin Gulf Resolution