Fierce. Unique. Innovative.

Transcription

1 fc mun[x] fi erce. uni que. i nnovati ve march24-26th mount hol yoke college

2 Dear Delegates, It is with great pleasure that we welcome you to the Tenth Annual Five College Model United Nations Conference held from March 24 through March 26, on Mount Holyoke College s scenic campus. We are beyond thrilled to receive both you and your delegation! Over the years, FCMUN has cultivated a reputation for being one of the most engaging and well-planned conferences on the circuit and we plan to take this image one step forward. This year, our slogan is Fierce. Unique. Innovative. We recognize that every detail is important in organizing a successful conference, and hence our Secretariat includes a combination of well-seasoned delegates and students with years of experience in events, logistics and business affairs to ensure that you have the ultimate FCMUN [X]perience. The conference is set to be propelled by intriguing discussions and exhilarating debate, and its social mixers are geared to be full of fun and enthusiasm. We could not be more thrilled to welcome you to what is sure to be one of the greatest MUN weekends of your life! Your Secretary General, Thaen Kanan 17

3 Esteemed Delegates, It is our extreme pleasure to welcome you to the 10th edition of the Five College Model United Nations conference, FCMUN X. This year s conference boasts an array of fascinating and intellectually-stimulating committees; from attempting to save the world from a possible WWIII and deciding the future of the Arctic, to deciding who has the power in the Da Ming Palace, and the fortune of the Bluth family. It has been an absolute thrill putting this conference together, and we are as excited as you are for it. In anticipation, we encourage you to get intimate with your background guides and research materials for a truly rewarding FCMUN experience. If you hit a stumbling block at any moment in your preparation process, please feel free to reach out to your Crisis Directors - they are pleased to hear from you. Looking forward, Under Secretary Generals, Committees and Summits Edith Amoafoa-Smart(Mount Holyoke College 19) Shaye McDonald(Mount Holyoke College 17)

4 Letter from Crisis Director Hello Delegates! I m Daniela and I m a senior at Mount Holyoke College, studying Neuroscience, Public Health, and Russian Literature and Culture. I m President of the tabletop role-playing game club, the Neuroscience Student Forum, and the social chair of the Glee Club. I ve been involved in MUN since high school. This will be my third time as crisis director-last year I directed FCMUN s Star Trek committee. As a Russian American, I ve always been interested in the cold war and with the current political climate looking back this dangerous time seems as important as ever.

5 Current Situation: On October 14 th, An American U2 spy plane photographed Soviet medium range ballistic missiles in Cuba. The date is now October 16 th, these pictures were just presented to President of the US, John F. Kennedy. This is the first evidence of an escalation towards nuclear war. October 14, 1962: U-2 photograph of MRBM site two nautical miles away from the Los Palacios deployment the second set of MRBMs found in Cuba. This site was

6 subsequently named San Cristobal no. 1 (the photo is labeled 15 October for the day it was analyzed and printed). CIA briefing board for JFK showing range of Soviet MRBM How did we get here? After the first use of nuclear weapons in WWII, The USA and the USSR have been pushed into a nuclear showdown. Both nations have developed highly destructive nuclear technology, capable of destroying the world s population within days. The principle of mutually assured destruction has kept any direct

7 nuclear warfare from occurring thus far In the late 50s, the US and NATO placed nuclear missiles in Europe, in 1959 the US and Turkey agreed to place Jupiter missiles, an intermediate-range ballistic missile, in Turkey. Later in May 1960 a U2 spy plane piloted by American Gary Powers was shot down in Soviet Territory, forcing the US to admit that they had been conducting surveillance over the USSR. A U2 spy plane

8 From left to right: Fidel Castro, Raul Castro, and Che Guevara The Cuban Revolution of 1959 has created a strong connection between Cuba and the Soviet Union. On October 19 th, 1960 the US placed a ban on all exports to Cuba as a result of American-owned oil refineries being nationalized by Cuba. In response the US sought to overthrow Cuban leader Fidel Castro. The strategy was eventually approved by JFK in April of The plan called for 1,400 Cuban ex-pats, trained by the US government who would launch a surprise attack against the Cuban forces with the aid of some US bomber planes. The plan assumed that once the invasion had begun, the Cuban people and members of the old military would support it, thus bringing down the Castro regime. The invasion team landed at the Bay of Pigs on April 17 th, however, the plan failed horribly. Castro fought back with more than 20,000 troops and the B-26 planes ordered to help the invasion force were shot down. In the end, most of the invasion force surrendered and were taken prisoner while more than 100

9 were killed. In June 1961, the earlier agreed upon Jupiter missile were deployed to Turkey. This was perceived as a threat to the USSR, as NATO had slowly been encroaching closer to Soviet territory but this was the closest yet. Very soon after, Kennedy and Khrushchev met in Vienna to discuss the situation, talking about the rising conflict in Berlin. Ultimately the construction of the Berlin Wall began a few months later in August of JFK and Khrushchev in Vienna. In order to try to recover from the massive failure that was the Bay of Pigs invasion, in November of 1961 President Kennedy authorizes Operation Mongoose, a covert operation with the goal of assassinating Castro and putting

10 an end to the communist regime s power. The plan was scheduled to be carried out in October of 1962 and would eventually be halted due to the Cuban Missile Crisis. In January of 1962, the Organization of American States (OAS) votes to expel Cuba at a meeting between the ministers of Foreign Affairs. Then, in February, the US officially places an embargo on all trade to Cuba. In May, while on a trip to Bulgaria, Khruschev decides to place missile in Cuba and has a delegation travel to Havana a few days later in order to discuss the plan with the Cuban leaders. In September, construction of the future Cuban missile sites begins and the Soviet ship Poltava travels to Cuba carrying the MRBMs. These will later be photographed by the US on October 14 th.

11 The United States of America Character Assignments

12 President John F. Kennedy Recently elected POTUS in 1960, previously a senator from Massachusetts. As commander in chief of the armed of the United States he has executive power over the military. A war hero, he served as a navy lieutenant during WWII. Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson Previously the senate majority leader and a senator from Texas, he is very

13 well connected on the Hill. With his reach in congress both a president of the senate and from his time as a senator has influence to get pieces of legislation through congress. Robert F. Kennedy, Attorney General The younger brother of JFK he served as his brother s campaign manager in his presidential campaign and now is his closest advisor. Previously he was chief counsel to the Senate Labor Rackets Community and investigated corruption in labor unions, publishing a book on the matter called The Enemy Within in Secretary Robert McNamara, Secretary of Defense Part of the group of US Air Force veterans known as the Whiz Kids who helped restructure the Ford Motor Company after WWII, McNamara became the first president of the company from outside the Ford family. He became close with RFK and is highly trusted by the president. General Maxwell D. Taylor, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs A US Army General he served with distinction during WWII as

14 Commander of the 101 st Airborne Division an elite unit nicknamed The Screaming Eagles and commanded the unit on D-Day for the Battle of Normandy. He then became Chief of Staff of the Army. He has a close relationship with JFK and became his primary military advisor, which caused friction with the Joint Chiefs. He was named Chairman of the Joint Chiefs on October 1 st General Curtis LeMay, Chief of Staff, US Air Force A skilled strategist General LeMay lead a bombing campaign on the Pacific theater of WWII. He then became commander of the Strategic Air Command (SAC) and developed plans for combat with the capability for intercontinental ballistic missiles. He is known to clash with McNamara and General Taylor. Admiral George W. Anderson Jr. Chief of Naval Operations He served as a navigator during WWII and rose to become Special Assistant to a previous Chairman of the Joint Chiefs and Chief of Staff to the Commander in Chief of the Pacific. As Chief of Operations, Admiral Anderson is in charge of all ships in and around Cuba. He has a strained relationship with Secretary McNamara. Secretary Dean Rusk, Secretary of State

15 Making it to the rank of colonel, Rusk served during WWII and joined the War department upon his return to America. Later he joined the State department in 1945 before being appointed Secretary of State in He was a proponent of using military force to halt the spread of Communism. Kenneth O Donnell, Special Assistant and Appointments Secretary to President Kennedy From Boston, he was the former roommate of RFK at Harvard University. The two were very close friends. He started working for JFK during his first congressional campaign and soon became one of his most trusted advisors. He also served as assistant counsel to the Labor Rackets Committee with RFK as Chief Counsel. He was JFKs de facto Chief of Staff and had the trust of the Kennedy Family. McGeorge Bundy, National Security Advisor Bundy served as an intelligence officer, reaching the rank of Captain during WWII. A Harvard professor, he became the youngest dean in the school s history. Although he was a republican, after being disillusioned with republican candidate Richard Nixon he threw his support to Kennedy, helping him gain the support of academics, which gained him the position of national security advisor. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and Cuba:

16 Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev Communist Party Chairman Born in Ukraine, Khrushchev joined the Bolsheviks in 1918 and from that point worked his way up through the Party ranks. Using social connections he moved to Moscow and enrolled in the Stalin Industrial Academy using his connections there to advance his career in the Party even becoming Party secretary of the school. In 1934 he managed to advance to Party leader of Moscow. During his time as leader in Moscow, he oversaw the creation of Moscow s metro system, a massive undertaking and many of the stations would later be built to function as bomb shelters. He then became secretary of the party for the Moscow Oblast. Having a close relationship with Stalin, he supported him during the purges. Then, Stalin named him party leader in Ukraine. After the war

17 he returned to Moscow to aid Stalin, whose health was deteriorating. After Stalin s death, Georgy Malenkov took over his position but after a massive power struggle leading to Malenkov s disgrace, Krushchev managed to take control and become Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU). Anastas Mikoyan Deputy Premier A former member of the Red Army, Mikoyan was an early member of the Party. In the 30s, he was elected to the Politburo, which allowed him to travel to the USA a number of times. This led him to introduce a number of American consumer products to the US, famously including hamburgers and ice cream. He fell out of Stalin s favor shortly before the leader s death and After Stalin s death he was a strong supporter of de-stalinization. He aided Khrushchev in the power struggle with Malenkov, earning him Khrushchev s leading to his appointment as deputy premier. Defense Minister Rodion Malinovsky Thrown out from his home by his stepfather at age 13, Malinovsky spent years of his youth homeless. Although to young to enlist at the start of WWI, he successfully convinced his commanding officers to let him volunteer. By the time WWII began he had risen to the rank of general. After the war, as a show of support, Stalin made him a non-voting member of the central party of the communist party and a member of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union. After Krushchev s rise to power, he was named Commander-in-Chief of the USSR s ground forces and a full member of the central committee of the CPSU and

18 deputy defense minister, becoming minister himself after Minister Zhukov s death. General Issa Pliyev, Commander of the Soviet Troops in Cuba During WWII, Pliyev served under Malinovsky as commander of the 50 th Cavalry Division. During the war he was awarded with two gold star medals. He suspected that the US discovered the missiles in Cuba after the flights on October 14 th but after reporting it to his superior it was decided not to inform Moscow for risk that he was wrong. Ambassador Alexander Alexeev, Soviet Ambassador to Cuba As ambassador to Cuba, Alexeev has access to Cuban leaders that other Russian officials lack. A key advisor to Castro, he has influence over many of the leader s decisions in matters relating to nuclear war. Anatoly Dobrynin, Soviet Ambassador to the United States Joining the foreign service after WWII, Dobrynin previously served as deputy secretary general of the UN. Recently named ambassador to the USA, Dobrynin has contacts with American leaders that no other Soviet has. However this has caused him to be slightly out of the loop among the Soviet leaders. Georgy Abashvili Deputy Commander in Chief, Naval Commander in Cuba Originally from Georgia, Abashvili went to the Leningrad Naval Academy, an elite military academy in Russia. During WWII he served in the Soviet Baltic Fleet. In 1944 he became deputy chief of staff of the fleet. He has worked closely

19 with commander-in-chief Pliyev. Prime Minister Fidel Castro, First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba Originally a student activist, Castro rose to power in 1959 with the aid of his military forces during the Cuban Revolution. Before this he had fought against the dictator General Batista and been sentenced to 15 years in prison although he served only 2. A year after his ascension to power, his government formally allied itself with the USSR and Communism. He later accepted the Jupiter missiles into Cuban territory. Raul Castro, Minister of the Cuban Revolutionary Armed Forces The younger brother of Fidel, Raul is the second most powerful figure in the Cuban government. Previously a rebel commander who was also imprisoned along with his brother. He later was in charge of executing the remnants of Batista s army. As minister of the armed forces he has control over Cuba s military. Commandante Che Guevara, Former Director of Instruction for the Revolutionary Armed Forces, Minister of Industries, Finance Minister and Director of the National Bank One of the most important figures during the Cuban Revolution, Che Guevara is a national hero. Meeting the Castro brother in 1954 he joined their campaign to overthrow Batista s dictatorship. He was one of the engineer s of Cuba s shift from having a trade alliance with the US to the USSR

20 Works Cited & Resources ns-and-arrests