CERDEC Contributions to Army Battle Command Networking Efforts

Transcription

1 CERDEC Contributions to Army Battle Comm Networking Efforts Mr. David Jimenez Director, Space & Terrestrial Communications Directorate

2 Evolution Army Networking Civil War World War I U.S. Army Signal Corps (1860) Vietnam Telegraph WWI Pigeon, Mocker Clark Portable Army Radio Set (1906) World War II PRC-77 PRT-4 & PRR-9 WWII Radios United States Army Pigeon Service PRC s Tactical Internet 2014 BCT Architecture SINCGARS 2 Manpack UHF MSE SATCOM EPLRS Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

3 Major Communications Thrusts Connectivity Capacity Security Future Force Comms Systems Mobile Networking Antennas FCS WIN-T JTRS Dismounted Soldier Information Assurance

4 Comparison Commercial & Military Communications Architecture Commercial Mobile Subscriber, Fixed Infrastructure COMMERCIAL TACTICAL Military Mobile Subscriber - Mobile Infrastructure Pre-configured Networks Tall, Fixed Antenna Towers Fiberoptic Internodal Connections Spectrum Availability Fixed Frequency Assignments Protection: None Privacy (single level) Interference Rejection is Somewhat Important High Bwidth Primarily Robust Static Infrastructure Small Bwidth Radio-Based Highly Mobile Comms Ad Hoc, Self Organizing Networks Small, Easily Erectable Masts; Low Prile OTM Antennas Mobile, Wireless, Internodal Connections Restricted Frequency Assignments; Geographically Impacted Protection: None Top Secret/ SI (Multiple, Simultaneous Levels) Interference Rejection Antijam are Critical Low probability Detection (LPD) is not an issue Highly Skilled Large Teams MOS w/multi-duties Low Probability Detection (LPD) is Critical Strategy = Adopt Adapt Modify Develop / or Influence

5 Systems Engineering (SE) Approach SE Processes/Events/Plans/Reports Define Customer Needs Trades Develop Draft Notional Solutions Prepare Draft SE Plan (SEP) Prepare Draft Configuration Mgt Plan Prepare Draft Technology Transition Agreement (TTA) S&T Development Funding Approved Approved ATO Inputs: Draft SEP, Draft CM Plan, Draft TTA, WBS CPIA Interpret Customer Needs. Analyze Operational Capabilities & Environmental Constraints Audit Document External Internal Interfaces ATO ( D ) SEP SEP, CM IPR CM IPR Risk Mgt, Risk Mgt TTA, TRLA Continuous SE Processes Technology Transition Agreement; Technical Parameter (TP) Critical Technical Elements (CTEs) Tracking; Configuration Management; Analyze Timing & Resources; Technical Risk Management, Regular Technical Interchange Meetings; Decision Analysis Verify Requirements SEP SimP ExP Trades Allocate Functions to System Elements Trades Evolve Functional Performance Specs into CI Functional (Design to) Specs Identify CTEs Performance Analysis Operational Effectiveness Analysis Trades PDR Life-Cycle Cost Analysis Trades Refine WBS Lessons Learned TTA TRLA Individual CI verification using Simulation, Testing, Evaluation Fabricate, Assemble, Code CI to Final Design Specifications CDR SE Process Outputs: Life-cycle concerns, System Performance Specifications, Matrix Support, TPP, SEP, Support TRA, Test Platforms, TRLAR Support User Experimentation Venues Demo & Validate Sys Concepts & Technology Maturity Assemble the Prototype/End-item PM Prog / Spin Out Product Transition Provide support to transition fice Recommended Archived Required CDR = Critical Design Review CPIA = Critical Program Information Assessment ExP = Experimentation Plan SimP = Simulation Plan TPP = Technology Protection Plan TRLA = Technology Readiness Level Assessment TRLAR = TRLA Report TRA = Technology Readiness Assessment WBS = Work Breakdown Structure Analysis Applied to Customers Requirements: FCS BW for BC FCS Voice Architecture Study FCS Network Assumptions Whitepaper Tactical Network Ground Forces Study Etc. PM C4ISR OTM Test & Validation Architecture Network M&S Operational Views OPNET System Views CES/QUALNET Technical Views NETWARS Network Model Development Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Field & Experimental Testing/Evaluation PM C4ISR OTM Data Collection Emulation

6 Technology Development Maturation User Needs & Technology Opportunities Process entry at Milestones A, B, or C Entrance criteria met before entering phase Evolutionary Acquisition or Single Step to Full Capability A B C IOC FOC Concept Refinement Concept Decision Technology Development System Development & Demonstration Design Readiness Review Production & Deployment FRP Decision LRIP/IOT&E Review Operations & Support Pre-Systems Acquisition Systems Acquisition Sustainment TRL 1-3 TRL 4-6 TRL 7-9

7 PM C4ISR On-The-Move R&D R&D venue venue fering fering the the Tech Tech Base Base Programs Programs Record Record a a continuous continuous enduring enduring evaluation evaluation capability capability for for Network Network Centric Centric Warfare Warfare (NCW) (NCW) concepts concepts Conducts Conducts Live, Live, Virtual, Virtual, Constructive Constructive technology technology demonstrations demonstrations currently currently supporting supporting scales scales on on the the order order live live 3,000 3,000 virtual/constructive virtual/constructive entities entities Provides Provides a a relevant relevant environment environment to to assess assess emerging emerging technologies technologies in in a a C4ISR C4ISR System--Systems System--Systems (SoS) (SoS) Mitigate Mitigate risk risk for for FCS FCS Concepts, Concepts, Future Future Force Force technologies technologies Opportunities Opportunities for for acceleration acceleration technology technology insertion insertion into into the the Current Current Force Force Venue Venue for for validation validation Technology/Stware/ Technology/Stware/ Integration Integration Readiness Readiness Levels Levels Includes Includes a a state--the-art state--the-art instrumentation, instrumentation, data data collection collection & & reduction reduction (IDC&R) (IDC&R) tool tool suite suite that that supports supports the the quantification quantification NCW NCW activities activities Employs Employs system system systems systems engineering engineering methods methods that that promote promote rapid rapid SoS SoS reconfiguration reconfiguration enable enable repeatable repeatable assessments assessments Has Has a a diverse diverse set set experience experience over over the the past past seven seven years years in in working working with with dozens dozens government government industry industry partners partners to to integrate integrate execute execute large-scale, large-scale, distributed distributed Live/Virtual/Constructive Live/Virtual/Constructive events events Fort Dix McGuire AFB Lakehurst NAES Joint Megabase Seamless LVC Integration Seasoned team subject Warfighters scientists matter experts Approved & analysts for public release; working distribution side by is side unlimited. Seven years field experimentation experience SoS engineering processes & procedures rapid prototyping frameworks

8 Linking Battle Comm Metrics Across Multiple Domains Technical Metrics C4ISR System Performance Network Connectivity Message Completion Rate Probability Detection Probability Identification Detection Accuracy Power Usage Visualization Resolution System Knowledge Quality Information Accuracy, Completeness & Timeliness Information about Threat Level Situational Awareness Achieved Number Types Decisions Made Operational Metrics Soldier Unit Performance Time to Execute Mission Blue Losses Red Losses Degree Surprise Ability to Maneuver Undetected Number PIR Satisfied Blue System Knowledge OPFOR Over Time - 20 Sept AM Quality Information :23 10:25 21 Unique Reports 12 OPFOR entities detected at targetable level 59% Targetable - 32% Actionable - 9% Non-actionable 3 58 images viewed 10:27 10:29 10:31 10:33 10:35 10:37 10:39 10:41 10:43 OPFOR repositioning 2% 10:45 10:47 10:49 Time from LD to Dismount 10:51 10:53 10:55 10:57 10:59 11:01 11:03 Quantifying How Technical Performance Impacts Operational Effectiveness

9 Support to PM Programs Tech Base Efforts PM PM WIN-T WIN-T Increment Increment 2 2 Engineering Field Test Engineering Field Test Critical Technology Elements Critical Technology Elements Network Scalability Network Scalability JTRS JTRS SLICE SLICE SRW SRW 2006/7 2006/7 Technical Technical Field Field Tests Tests Waveform maturation Waveform maturation PM PM FCS FCS Technical Technical Field Field Tests Tests SUGV Teleoperation SUGV Teleoperation T-UGS / U-UGS T-UGS / U-UGS NEBC Technology Transition NEBC Technology Transition Natick Natick Soldier Soldier Center Center 2006/7 2006/7 Future Future Force Force Warrior Warrior Exit Criteria Testing Exit Criteria Testing Transition to PEO Soldier Transition to PEO Soldier

10 Networking Technology Transitions Low Prile OTM SATCOM Single Beam Multi Beam Body Wearable Antenna Technologies for SRW 2 Port Low Prile Antenna for Wideb Networking Waveform (WNW)/ Soldier Radio Waveform (SRW) bs Antenna optimization Modeling Simulation for Comm & Control Vehicle (C2V) Reconnaissance & Survivability Vehicle (R&SV) Tactical Wireless Network Assurance s - Black Side Intrusion Detection system Soldier Radio Waveform - Mobile AdHoc networking for Soldiers, sensors, munitions Comm Control Robotic Entities (C2ORE) - UAV mission planning execution stware autonomously controls multiple UAVs Enhances planning management unmanned sensor assets (UGS, UAV, UGV, etc)

11 Soldier Radio Waveform (SRW) Communications Within the Emerging C4ISR Architecture Ground Soldier System Unmanned Ground Vehicles Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Intelligent Munitions Systems Unattended Ground Sensors JTRS Small Form Fit Radio Non-Line Sight-Launch Systems The Soldier Radio Waveform is a mobile, ad-hoc, networking waveform developed transitioned to provide improved voice data communications, for platforms with Size, Weight, Power constraints. Hosted on Joint Tactical Radio Systems (JTRS) Hheld Manpack Small Form Factor (HMS) Ground Mobile Radio (GMR)

12 Antenna M&S Performance on Vehicles Process Antenna Model Validation Anechoic Chamber Measurement Platform Model Validation Actual Vehicle Vehicle CAD Model xfdtd Antenna Model Overlay Results xfdtd Electromagnetic Meshed Model Vehicle Model with Validated Antennas Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) Simulation 360 o Far-Field Field Antenna Gain Pattern Geometrical Theory Diffraction (GTD) Simulation Power Contour Plots Hybrid M&S Results

13 Example: MRAP Antenna Placement Optimization SPAWAR Recommended Location Poor Pattern CERDEC M&S Placement with Optimized Pattern 115 Antenna 2 meters Above Earth Ground

14 D.C / Tactical Network Communications Antennas (TNCA) Purpose: Develop Affordable, Low Prile Solutions For OTM SATCOM Develop Affordable Directional Antennas for Terrestrial Directional Networking Develop Omni-directional Antennas With Higher Gains, Lower Priles with Ballistic Radomes, Multiple Ports to Reduce the Number Platform Antennas Develop Integrated Antennas for Dismounted Soldier Develop Distributed Antennas to Improve Omnidirectional Antenna Performance Reduce Cosite Interference Products: Low Cost Ku/Ka B OTM SATCOM Antenna Systems Low Cost X-b Point Of Presence Efficient Ku Ka B Power Amplifiers Low Prile Single Beam Ku/Ka SATCOM Ant System Low Prile Multibeam Ku/Ka/Q SATCOM Ant Analysis Affordable Terrestrial Directional Antennas WNW High Gain Omni Antennas 2-Port Low Prile Omni Antennas with Ballistic Radome supporting multiple waveforms (Ground/RW) 3-Port Tri-b Omni Antennas Integrated Body Wearable Antennas Distributed Antenna Array Payfs: Affordable OTM SATCOM Terrestrial Directional Ants. Reduced Visual Signatures & Antenna Counts Improved Link Connectivity Ballistic Protection Reduced Platform Power Consumption

15 D.C / Affordable Low Prile Satellite (ALPS) Comms On-the-Move Low Prile OTM SATCOM Single Beam Multi Beam Purpose: Develop, mature, demonstrate low prile antennas for directional satellite communications (SATCOM) on-the-move (OTM) Products: Low-prile, single-beam (Ku/Ka) antenna Low-prile, multi-beam (Ka/Q) antenna Single-beam high capacity communications capability (HC3) (Ka/Q) antenna Small aperture blue force tracking (BFT) antenna C/Ku Affordable Directional Antenna Integrated Ka/Q-b Power Amplifier Payf: Increased Communications Capabilities at all echelons through greater use SATCOM OTM Reduced platform burden through reductions in antenna size, weight, power(swap) Increased survivability through reduced visual signature Affordable SATCOM OTM for the warfighter through antenna cost reductions

16 D.C / Tactical Wireless Network Assurance (TWNA) Purpose: To develop transition wireless network protection solutions for a tactical Mobile Ad-hoc Networking (MANET) environment that is typical WIN-T the Future Force. Product: Tactical security administration tool for mobile wireless environment. Intrusion Detection Algorithms for MANET routing protocols Tactical Public Key Infrastructure (TPKI) Architecture Certificate Issuance Field Replacements Revocation Payf: Prevent threat Information Warfare attacks from damaging mobile networks. Maintain Warfighter trust/confidence in battlefield information. Reduce system network vulnerabilities.

17 D.C / Network Enabled Comm Control (NEC2) NECC/ TBC SATCOM CORPS HQ UAV Battle Comm for Unattended/Unmanned Sensors JTCW/ NECC Account for Political, Religious, Infrastructure Cultural factors in BC WIN-T Node Decision Support Tools UGV Bradley JTCW Brigade DIVISION CORPS Support Urban SASO operations BCT (Urban OPNS) Manage information flow between architectures Purpose: Develop transition stware algorithms that tailor manage the flow Battle Comm (BC) information C2 services between current future systems throughout all phases operations environments Products: Battle Comm Planning/execution/re-planning products for: Dismounted applications in Complex Urban Terrain Current Force Tactical C2 Systems Unmanned systems sensors Decision support tools that account for political, religious, cultural other factors Managed Connectors that govern the flow information between disparate architectures while globally managing resources Payf: Increased speed/quality BC planning execution adjustments Improved commers understing Battlespace related factors Faster decision-making

18 D.C / Tactical Mobile Networks (TMN) Purpose: Develop Soldier Radio Waveform (SRW) for Dismounted Soldier manned & unmanned systems. Develop communications networking technologies that address Future Force constraints for bwidth connectivity while on the move. Product: JTRS Stware Communications Architecture (SCA) v2.2 compliant, energy-efficient Soldier Radio Waveform (SRW) PILSNER Proactive Diverse Link Selection (PAD-LS) algorithms to enhance OTM connectivity capacity Faster than real time dynamic link estimation for connectivity capacity for Network Management man in the loop experimentation Payf: Energy efficient voice & data tactical communications for Ground Soldier Systems/Future Force Warrior sensor-to-shooter linkages Increased OTM connectivity usable bwidth Enable commers to plan communication coverage for OTM Coarse Of Action (COA) Addresses PM FCS (BCT) Critical Technology #7B (SRW), Risk #93 mitigation (SRW Availability) to support Network Ready COMPOSER: Comms Planner for Operational Simulation Effects with Realism Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

19 Network Intruder Insider Threat Overrun / Capture Malicious Stware Secure Configuration Host & Network Shut f unnecessary Intrusion Detection Tighten Access Control Viruses services ( /web) Identify Attack Source & Trojan Horses Malicious Code Issue file privileges Detection Skill Level Data Insertion / Re-route Traffic Modification / User Identification & Authentication Eliminate Attack Process Deletion Attack Forecasting Passwords/Biometris Damage Assessment / Illegally Advance Threat Analysis Message Authentication Recovery Privileges Malicious Code Denial Service Host S/W Protection Eradication Flooding Protect, Detect, Predict Respond components will be integrated managed by a Security Management architecture Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. D.C / Tactical Information Technologies for Assured Network Operations (TITAN) Secure the network Protect the information Allow information sharing across security domains Operations Order Information Assurance FRAGO C2 Protect Elements Attack Protect Detect/Predict Respond Network Management Commer s Intent Planning/Repla nning Establishing th e network Management, Maintaining an d Reporting (Mo nitoring Fault management) Information Dissemination Find, Management manage di splay informa tion Purpose: Develop, mature, demonstrate modular tools technologies that significantly improve the network planning management the tactical network Develop, mature, demonstrate security tools to protect mobile networks from attacks allow information to be shared across security domains Develop, mature, demonstrate agent enhanced Battle Comm (BC) tools to enable real time situational awareness relevant strategic tactical battlefield information sharing Products: Automated Network Management (NM) Tools Information Assurance (IA) Tools Space/Strategic Tactical Information Dissemination Management (ID&M) Applications COA development Payf: Reduce manpower network management configuration time Share information across security domains while ensuring trust/confidence in information being sent to the Warfighter Improve information sharing by providing relevant information from strategic to a tactical operational unit

20 Future Networking Technologies Affordable Satellite Antennas for Transformation Comm Systems On The Move Multi b, single/multi beam Affordable phased array antennas Advanced Wireless Security Services Integrated Information Assurance (IA) Correlation Response Stware Cross Domain Security Services Cognitive Networking Multi-Function RF systems (Radio / EW) Dynamic Spectrum Access Capabilities Adaptive middleware for applications to adjust to network conditions.

21 Process for Cognitive Network Project Development Req ts Definition HW/SW Architecture Current Knowledge base Inputs: DARPA, Industry, ARL Etc... Disciplined Systems Engineering Approach A. Dynamic Spectrum Process & Sensing B. Networking C. Data Exchange & Dissemination D. Information Assurance E. Applications F. Cognitive Management G. HW Design & Development H. Cross Layering I. System Evaluation Simulation/ Emulation Development Of Prototypes Testing/ Demos Analytical Assessment Using Req t & CBMANET Scenario

22 Cognitive Network & Radio Study Description: A cognitive network consists technologies that can perceive current network conditions, then sense, plan, decide act on those conditions. The network can learn from these adaptations use them to make future decisions, all while taking into account end-to-end performance goals user needs Generic Cognitive Processing Framework An Example Short Term Memory Reflective Deliberative Reactive Long Term Memory Benefits: A cognitive radio has awareness changes in its environment adapts its operating characteristics to improve its performance or to minimize a loss in performance Perception Environment Action Control Configuration Down-conversion, Up-conversion, Frequency translation, channel filtering, sampling, error correction, channel estimation, demodulation, modulation USR ISR Application User Increasing Use Stware HR Hardware Radio SCR Stware Controlled Radio SDR Stware Defined Radio ISR Ideal Stware Radio USR Ultimate Stware Radio SDR SCR HR Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

23 Cognitive Network High-Level Roadmap

24 Example: Cognitive Radio Benefits Current Radio Architectures Extensive planning before deployment Detailed organization structure required accounting for every radio Detailed definition Comm. Circuits static routing procedures Intensive training for network development Static Network Configuration Limited network adjustment Individual nodes unaware conditions experienced by other nodes Unaware context operation Legacy Example: EPLRS Numerous Planning Steps Before Deployment Cognitive Radio R&D Future Cognitive Radio Architectures Automated Policy Planning Policy Adjustment Based on Needs Less Knobs for the Warfighter Lessens training required for operators Decisions made to meet requirements user with minimal interaction Variable network configurations in real-time Automated response fostering optimum network performance Learning from user experiences in entire network to adjust goals Automatic adaptation based on changing context RF environment Bottom Line: Adaptable Ease CR Use for the Warfighter network

25 Questions? Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.