After Next. Army. Mr. Dave iiardisob. Dr. Joe Braddock Mr. David Heebner Dr. Walt Laberge Mr. Chip Pickett

Transcription

1 Army After Next Sgg.,doQl from the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency October 1996 Up4aled 1 Ma, 1997,."'ft.Vl..'fl.VY Larry Lynn, Director, DARPA Dr. David A Whelan, Dir~, Tactical Technology Office, DARPA. Glly, and 0,.,-,... Dr. Joe Braddock Mr. David Heebner Dr. Walt Laberge Mr. Chip Pickett Col Glenn Snodgrass, USA (R) Col Roy Alcala, USA(R) Oen John Poa, USA (R) Oeo Pal Gorman, USA (R) Col Mike Harper, USA (R).80 Hal Nel8on, USA (R) Col Mike Shaler, USA (R) MO Ray Pranklin, USMC (R) LtG Jetry Oranrd, USA (R) OenAl Oray, USMC (R) Mr. Dave iiardisob. -

2 v Some Sggestions for Army After Next A Paper Version of a Hypertext Report Backgrond. In May 199,6 Larry Lynn directed the Office of Tactical Technology (TIO), DARPA, to develop some concepts that might be sefl to Commander, TRADOC, as his depty chief of staff for doctrine moved ahead with the Army After Next Project. John Glly of Land Systems, TIO, took the lead, and convened an informal stdy grop, listed on the otside front cover, that met from time to time throghot the smmer. DARPA's PMs were participants, as were a nmber of experts from indstry and academia. When there was a recognizable thesis, it was presented to the red team, and adjsted accordingly. In October the reslts were briefed to the TRADOC principals, and in November to the TRADOC staff. Stdy Gidance. We were tasked (a) to "think ot of the box," (b) to present tactical concepts that wold exploit foreseeable technologies, and (c) to portray these in a variety of plasible politico-military scenarios. After some debate, we proposed to Larry Lynn that we bypass (3): the togh isses of "plasible scenarios," "peer competitors," "locs of conflict," etc., seemed to s far less important and far less certain than what we cold project as strengths of the United States 20 years hence, and what we cold reasonably assme. wold then be this contry's contined role in the international order. v Report Format. We adopted the "rolling briefing" procedre familiar to Defense Science Board stdies - iterative improvement and agmentation of a set of charts. We calclated, however, that an important part of or message was or medim and method: we ndertook to bild the charts in hypertext, sing the venerable, astere graphic program of that name. Or first step was to layot the stdy architectre shown on the chart opposite, which we refer to as the "AAN Map." We defined three broad areas for inqiry and inpt: Planning (what is the problem, and how shold TRADOC think abot it?) Reqired Capabilities (what shold be expected of land forces 20 years from now?) Enabling Technologies (what can science and engineering do to meet sch expectations?) Within each of these three areas, we bilt "stacks" of charts to which all participants contribted. Most transactions to add, modify or sbtract from charts were by . The master set of charts was maintained on a single 3.5 inch disk «1.4MB), and ltimately was presented to TRADOC via a compter-driven projector, backed by a disk. DARPA, however, insisted pon paper otpt, of which this notebook is a descendant. This version records what we trned in October There have been few changes since 1996 beyond correcting spelling errors, eliminating dplication, and 'adding hyperlinks. - r '.~,, Salient Concepts. There ~re ' two,dominant themes: r Go' with the commercial flow [e.g., Stacks 3, 15, 16] Focs AAN on 'early entry: project a corps-worth of combat power-:,:cmywhere;in the world within 72 hors [Stack 8] by (1) re-engineering means..for directand"indirect closespport fires; (2) adopting new classes of lighter and more capable land'veh~cles and biqitos UAVs; (3) devising new information.systems [Stacks 6,17, 26,21,25]; and (4) finiing fast, high-capacity airlift and sealift so that Force XXI remains strategically ~levant ' [Stacks 15,16, 19,23].

3 :. : :ann ii.:g.:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::;:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::~i:... '!!... :.. : 1':::*:::: Problem?....,, I,, I, I...., '-..,...,.....,. ~o: ~~~~~~~~: oji//<h>~~~t+~?oi:pi~?j):!::(,.ooooo~~;~~~~~~~too :,.s. Strengths hi»?1 Marketing AAN I»?I Evalation 0:0:0 ', t.,, Reqired Capabilities 8 Strategic Mobility 81 CONCEPT Conceptal Units ' Tactical Agility 01 Overmatch '11~ Logistic Efficiency 141 I! Sperior PeFsonnel Medical Srety ~ ~ ~ ~ Hi : ","... :. t t ',.. "

4 Stack: aproblem?a Why does US need Land Forces (Army, USMC)? Why not rely on precision weapons delivered by air? Can technology make Land Forces more cost-effective? Inl 7/22/97 Why commit land forces? IXITo deca- the se of violence forpolitica1 prposes Evidence U.S. determination Enhelll1.en allies IXITo control territory and people Forestall or redress aggression Destroy or netralize hostile forces Separate combatants Condct hmanitarian operations IXJTo secre bases for air and sea forces IXITo disaimidate in sins fepower IXITo win conclsively Delay. disrpt. or deceive hostile forces Enable decisive fires and dominant manever :'11 SIll Bvery President. as CommaDder-in-Chief, bas ordered ladd forces idto actiod ReceDt Presidents have beed demodstrably more willidg to commit land forces overseas : 10 major deployments : 27 major deployments Today: 35,000 troops in 70 coatries D.A. Tht lemy le1meaq, 1950 CoIllCl. JM.lemtdp. Small Ww 1991 The Anxios AUjlst of 1990 Drawiq die ". LA die S. 6 Iraqi beavy divisions witb T -72 M BT witbin 200 miles of air add seaports of debarkation in Sadi Arabia SWTWTPS zt 30,. I I II I, 14 IS 1110 II 12 It., nil,, la II II!," 12 I~ IS II I, 1 Inq idvadol Kwait 6 NCA dirdc:a dtpioyma 82d "14th Diy a Lad airbonie brip _ deploymnat 12 CloI1n 01 lead brip. - 31Dfllllly bill. 1 company M551 Sb.ricfan Uthllankl. 1 Apache baalloa. 1 baalion 105I11III bowiln" 13 Lead a.ch brip. ddpl flvm SaftlllDb 1710hIDiYI.. dbrip.~airtifl 11 F!m ~ 10,.lIip 1IIri_ hom DIejo a.m IOldien. 3 b. bci. 9 inhny ballalionl 01 Sld Diy In IhnIOr+J bill ht ddpl 0I141b Diy rivo In Ihoalor ToCDI IIHbcIa' USler'r:I1 USAF USMC Force Generation Sadi Arabia VS. R VN XVIII AIm ca,. 6OOC lu llwk CRAF llwk +135 HowitlOft... MLRS Paio ActH.IOI ATACMS l.achre 11 H.wl I TOW V.b Lessons Learned from Agst '90 Airlift positioned the deten'edt force - Ag=airli1't Fast ports are as important as fast ships. Lead bde of 24th Division took more than one week to load. Defense by 82d depended on denies throgb salt flats (sabkhas) and TOW -eqipped HMMWVs+ Apacbes Political show of nity by Arab Coalition copled with show of US resolve gave Saddam Hssein pase Host-nation spportercia1: Sadis provided ports. airfields, cantonments. water. and fel: more than 20 million gallons per dayl 7111 Desert Storm Army shipped 1.1 million tons dry 600/0 total was ammo, mainly arty Army retrned 1.6 million tons dry Not clear what was fired at enemy USAF delivered 70,000 tons of ordnance; 40 tons of fel per ton deuvered Desert Storm 500 SIIlp a.oadl 9000 A1rcnIt Loadl Dlllnred +3,000,000 IaCl 12,400 tracbd nblcl.. 114,000 wbmled.. bici.. 31,000 coasalaen 350,000 lam of ammllllil10d Li,~, lm&li, more 'ael... mciell1..bida

5 Stack: QProblem?Q The Crrent Division N 17,000 men (N 2000 tons) N 5,000 vehicles (N1500 tracked) N over 100,000 tons combat loaded N 2,500 tons per day of all classes of spply, spares, and consmables rrjictr ~ ' : I!rn(tbnl " hi h. : Sr:i!iW!~:::d;;:::':~::' ty".g. : ~~~~;~if~l.~~:!::me 7/22197 The Make-weights Armored and tracked vehicles (65 % ) - Tanks, IFV - Artillery - Engineer vehicles - Provisions for staininsl same Fel and dry cargo lift fleet (-20% ) Artillery ammo (-50% respply) Fel (-25% respply) Wli Possible Technology Interventions..J. Develop rapidly deployable artillery..j. Lighten the AFV fleet..j. Redce manpower In combat theater Deliberately align Army with commercial thrsts..j DARPA technology can assist 11111

6 1!\$.~W*P~i9~~1 rethe Army After Next AAN Is Ioe 2016 (20 years hence) EC.- P loits'legson:sf:le'...'.,,::,:":,::::::~:::!~~::::::,:~::::,:::,";:,,,,~,:;.,:;,::;,::'::;;:.;:;:' acle~:irmmf()rc'fxxl:6t'::;'i ". cemarative~:arfqmabl :jm:d:sr DifjCaDj) 'j: more.~~~?~~~~:1~mi!lm~1i1lli~~j.ih1~!;li:l;i;~~m;:~~;~::,;,;:;; :;~:i\~~;:;!:; :::,,' Strctral and doctrinal reforms sef1, bt mst be technoloeically attainable and reasonably affordable 113 AAN mst be capable of coping with a broad. range of threats, ranging fi:om.; - condcting large-scale operations on land to contest a foreign aggressor 1Q. - providing aid to domestic civil athority AAN mst be configred to fight overseas nder a nified command within a coalition AAN mst be importaat to the NCA in all phases of aay crisis : Deterreii,' : : : ::. : :. :~siaine~ :OperatlOnSOD Land: : ~~e~aipt.o~:: :Se~tinB t~e,c~adi~ons.. Ear.y, ~Iltiy:,.. : ' :: : :~~c~h~~: eng~8e~ents Permissive :. :: :Transltion :to peace: : ::.,:P~r~i~l~.:: :: ::: :~~~~ ~~. ~~~~a(c?y':' ,.. AAN: ready for tbe entire spectrm of conflict ]~~~~I1i~~~~:R.~.~~~:::.::.~i~~.:Co.. tin.gencies :Pe~~e~~epi~8:»::::::::::'.: 'Majo(Regional :Contingency :: /P:e.~:isis~~e: ::::: <:::::,:: :td~i~'p'(e,wars::,.. < 31) :lr.~~cib)e: : :: :qlob~l :~..:.. :::

7 Stack: U.S. Strengths Bild On U.S. Spremacy in 2016 in Bsiness Related to... Information technologies Space and exosphere Civil aviation Transmodal shipment Directed energy Bio-phannaco-technology Microelectrical Mechanical Systems 1/8 Commerce will otpace DoD in capacity. rate of change.aan mst follow that lead, help shape otcomes Space and Exosphere Commercial global celllar telephony - High-capacity terrestrial trnks - Ubiqitos broad-band wireless cormectivity Cheap-lanch capability - Satellites on demand - In-orbit servicing Crisis area overwatch - Constant-stare ~/8 - Focsed-ear Sill Transmodal Shipment Most trans-oceanic commerce will be container-borne Fast (,..,35kt) container ships are probable Iso-containers are congrent with prime needs of land forces: - Packaged for strategic mobility - TransmodaJ (trck-rail-air-sea) - Inherent shelter from which to work. in which to live (cover and concealment) BIO-PHARMACO-TECHNOLOGY Phannacologlc syntheses Blo-Cabrlcatlon - Designer microbes for organic processing and conversions - Synthetic DNA Cor novel strctres e.g., optical data storage Blo-mlmetJcs - Systems that emlate living organisms or organic materials New annor, comms, power sorces Information Technologies Compting Geolocating Commnicating Sensing Cryptography Mlti-sorce fsion and filtering 2/11 Civil Aviation Passenger - Improved commter service (VTOL?) - Wide-body long hal - High-speed intercontinental service Freight - Atomated. digitally-managed materiel handling - Total asset visibility Atomated air traffic control 6111 Directed Energy (DE).s. has lead from SOl DEW bv RF weapnns by 2001 Panicle beam weapons by Deployable DE weapon system (forward air defense) now in development DE appears apt for AAN - Highly discriminate: Pfe9ision aim Tned power - Usefl in MOSA - Logistically sperior to missiles Micro-electric Mechanical Systems (MEMS)..' Silicon-based, chip-level manfactring Throw-away entities Enables: - Networks of very small, taskable machines - Very small trbo-generators. jet engines - Self-instrmented strctres - Hyper-portable navigational systems - Cooperative RST A/C31

8 v Stack: Investment Strategy Over the past two decades, the Army has boght impressive new capabilities for monted warfare, powerfl, mobile combat spport, and extensive combat service spport t orces ave not een comparab y bn roved. MOUT readiness is low. Cltral imperatives and inertia have created strong propensities for more of same * USAF, USN systems will dominate Three broad alternatives - (1) Win over OSD/Congress to Anny logic - (2) Sbvene OSD with CongresslTransitioners - (3) Anny vision - OSD/Congress' priorities (1) is on the record nprodctive (2) is dbios ethics, shortsighted (3) works: USAF, USN, USMC fonnla UAAN Investment Strategies~ - Demonstrate that the Army Is serios - "Open mind, 1111 thlnkln2 ot of the box" - Work ftre back vs. present forward - Bold vs. creeping adjstment - Seek new allies, especially In bsiness - Use simlation to create AAN converts - By "leaner" and "meaner" and "fewer" as opposed to "bigger and more" 1~~Y!~~~~~#~,~!oli ~ ~~ ' ~ril~:~y.;;*#~~##~~~1 Total Army fy 97 TOA is 25~ of DoD's $2448 Army RDA TOA is of DoD's USAf : USN : CJ5 - Army R.DA is dowd 6695 from 1985 Of 000 top 20 modernization programs: - Army bas only 3 (artillery piece, bel0, tk) - Army programs amont to odly of total - USMC 895: USN ; USAf OSD Army's arty piece is 60 tods: tank is 71 tods OSD, Congress have been bying: IS;~pPQrtif9fQ'NQSJ OOTW,LIC Conters to WM 0 systems for the lncormatiod War focs of the MODSet of war" Iffi:~p,~~~.c.t~H Acqisition reform Indsy participation Joint and combined forces lffb:aqrpn UAAN Investment Strategiesl - Accept a differentiated force * Heavy and light nits * Modernized and older nit sets - Priority for early entry forces - Seek ec;onomles and emclencles: * Smaller, fewer headqarters * Lean combat spport * Drastically redced In-theater CSS 6110 IJAAN Investment Strategiesl - Leverage Investments by other services * USAF, USN lead In missile technologies for space, air-to-air, alr-to-~rond * Army missiles shold spin-off jlrondto-grond, grond-to-alr versions - Commnications mst clone commercial * Legacy SINCGARS, MSE won't ct It * Bsiness (and AAN) needs bandwidth?no * AAN shold shape encryption, weight, Power, field Interfaces IAAN Investment Strategiesl - AAN shold seek to InDence sbsidized Indstries * Civil Reserve Air Fleet (CRAF) * Merchant Marine * Intermodal transportation means - AAN shold attempt to adapt for its 8110 prposes the reslts from growing R&D (governmental and private) In health care and pblic safety

9 Stack: Investment Strategy RAAN Investment Strategies~ - AAN shold seek new acqisition paths, sch as projects Intermixing Army RDA fnds with Indstrial m&d, and Inviting Indstrial partlclpatlon In the setting of the reqirements for new systems - AAN shold facilitate Involving the CINCs of the U&S commands In Its modernization decisions 9110 IlAAN Investment Strategiesl To dominate onset of any prospective war - Avoid argments re corps Vs. corps - Move to "fstest with the mostest" - Emphasize Army's proven abilities with allies To conter asymmetric threats - Umit vlnerability by constraining presence - Minimize materiel positioning in-theater - Echelon-back: extra-theater or off-shore To align ~ith commercial main thrsts v

10 j Stack: Marketing v f~ln~~t jm ~'~~I~~~~Rrn~'~~~ :ln~~()~~n Force XXI is seen as ""modernizing for yesterday' - USAF fighters, sensors, mnitions} od. m erqjze - USN arsenal ships for - USMC Sea Dragon tomorrow '~~Or : rozanoif! ' ~ ~'~( "' ]j'6'on NAtO GDP I "' ~ "'''''', PP.q :, ", 1 "QvelWhelming" = massive personnel. materiel e~~ip~\i.r~:~~ge:j~~~,", ~t".lo~, ~9st,P~r. Uniq lj) IM.,~eag ~AANil Coovioce tbe Coogress aod tbe American people tbat AAN is oecessary aod affordable - CaD overmatch aay Coe Crom peers to terrorists - Evolves from Today's Army tuld Force XXI - Steward of traditions, esp~t, etbo. Emphasize (1) early arrival, add (2) boosted sitatioaal oderstaodiog to: - Deter, paralyze, deceive ~destroy foe - Destroy by precise Cires ~ close combat - Protect Corce by (a> precision CSS: (b) dispersion: aad (c) bigb Ph,Pt Propose modernization consistent with foregoing. E.g.: - Aim at a 10 ton AFV vice 40 tons - Stress deployability, versatility - Minimize CSS, CS elements Condct exercises to show that AAN: - Can get to any conflict and win - Can do so with minimal casalties

11 v ~ Stack: Development I Distribted Combat Developments) Collaborate among the Army's brancbes to design Dew COAc::epts and materid couabaratiydy via: - Leading Edge Services (DARPA/DISA comm) - NOTES-like interactivity, shared data base - Merge C4I with DIS; adopt HLA for C2 - Internet video, voice, data connections Ezplait servic:e-to-service lidts and joidtlosd agencies - Evalate early and often - Slmlate fin1. to establish reqirements with warfighters [ Distribted Combat Developments) Form new alliances - With the CINes & components - With other services - With DARPA - With Indstry - Wlth~n TRADOC, e.g., with training developers Tm technology Into AAN capabilities AAN Shold Seek New Acqisition Paths SgesUoo: DARPA propose to USD(A), with nadoc concw'i'edce, a cooperative development project (or exploration of tbe concepts for rapidly deployable modernized lu1i11ery - whlll DARPA refen to a "advanced rtre spport system... (1) A DARP A-indary-TRADOC analysis or aita'dauves (2) A TRADOC spcmsared STOW sim1l1aticm orreible.,em(i) (3) A JCS-spcmsared ATD with protatypes willwl S years 3/6 For DARPA Initiatives (w/&zll OK) 1. Lead in~ in an assessment of commercial contribtions to military mobility: - 1JercontiJ1enta1 projection of land power - Ligbter, mere sstainable overland vehides' 2. Demonstnl1e low-cost indirect rite rockets (boost-glide).' 3. Execte tbe SUO program - Comms/geoloclltion (or restrictive environments' - Technology for teanlwork: U A Vlwide-apertre sensors/recoilless, precision individal weapons I combatants a sensor plarlorms"'" 4. Define simlative methodology and technology needed to dejineale joint reqiremenls and prototypes ror 2016+, AAN Shold Seek New Acqisition Paths Sggestion: DARPA propose to USD(A). with nadoc concurtence, a cooperative development project for exploration or concepts for hybrid electric/rossil fel vehicles: (1) A DARP A-iadary-TRADOC analysis of ai1ernatives (2) A TRADOC sponsored STOW simlation orleasibie system(s) (3) A JCS-spoasdted ATD with protatypes within S years 416 A Proposed Otline for Analysis (1) Is tho I)'stDm tdc:bnic:ally reasiblo? What a~ tho rilks or tho dowiopmoct1 What per nit costs seem aaaidablo? What CIIdIoIoJ)' wid drive c:ost7 effectivenoss? (1) In maalurid. COIUnd effectiveness, what InOaI\mSl or mmt wiu be pcrtincat? To what analyses wid Che S)'~ havo to mpond? (3) What CONOPS crdol:trino is portinont? Who is tho proponoct? (4) What 11'0 rho lifo-cydeloaistio implication. of rho I)'m? (5) What arc rho bman racton implication. -incldin. instittional and nit trainin.? (6) Wblt rons or limlalion mold bo mltllrod for devc1opment'1 For ttin. tho 1)'1tCm? For tninin. and rcadinoss?

12 111 Therefore... DARPA Stdy's findings and recommendations will ltimately be evalated against politicomilitary scenarios with these measres of eff ecti veness: - more affordable than Force XXI - significantly more capable - developmental risk acceptable Frther~ evalation will weigh extent to which AAN meshes with the capabilites of the other. services IAAN M

13 Stack: Concept The Army Aner Next will be ready: t To project a force more powerfl than a present-day corps as the land component of a Joint task force t Within hors of NCA decision t Anywhere In the world table to nght on arrival and to sstain Dominant manever Decisive combat spport 1112 Emclent combat service spport 2112 AAN Intervenes: Decisively, Early, Jointly Time Conditions of Ftre Crises People will ngre prominently - Urban warfare most probable - Crowded contrysides also likely - Media omnipresent Opposing force can by lethal weapons - Chemical, biological, even nclear - Accrate, powerfl, long-range missiles Enemy can nght as a gerrilla, or terrol"lst 5112 "Fstest with the Mostest" The Advantage of Early Intervention The ability to Intervene early and decisively Is the essence of deterrence To sppress a crisis early saves blood and treasre Military capablllty broadens diplomacy Few crises eventate In war, bt all breed conoid 4112 Why commit land forces? IBJ To deta" the se oc violence for political prposes Evidence U.S. determination Enbearten allies IXITo control teltitory and people Forestall or redress aggression Destroy or netralize hosule (orces Separate combatants Conda hmanitarian operations IXJTo seclire bases (or air and sea Corces IBJTo disa imin lite in sing ftrepower IXJTo terminate contlict Delay. disrpt. or deceive hostile (orces Enable decisive f1re5 and dominant manever Heavy Force Deploys Slowly Division large and ship/port dependent tons (of which men alone tons) -Many movers: soldiers veh tracks weight in AFV. Arty. Engr tracks - 20'16 Weight in lift Cor fel. dry cargo Logistic tail no less oneros tons per day all classes of spply -S096 respply: artillery ammo respply: fel AAN mst derive combat power with: Less weight arid cbe More efficient soldiers. vehicles. and fires Foree on Land 7112 Crrent Bild-p for Conter-offensive 8/12 AAN Bild-p for Conter-offensive

14 ... Stack: Concept An Earl. Depto ment:brlgade:: :: :: ::... :.. COIl",oUed >,y. ~::::.:; :n:: :~e -: ;::;::Z01le... Strike Zone :~ ~---- I~2i ~----.I. 0r0=40bAnadQDZoi..... :. ' ',. ', f, Km :D, One Vision: in 20 Years... Combat rorces 33% or crrent manning "Depoplale the zone o/vlnerability... Firepower 100% that of present force "Silalional nderstanding. precision fires... Teeth-to--talJ ratio (In-theater) > 1.0 "'Less vlnerability to assymetnc conters... " Logistics lst-in-time vice lst.ln-case "Total asset visibilily. precision deli\ ery... Maintenance by need vice schedle "Detect. remove. replace. as coached... Acqisition feled by engine of commerce "Market driven. like bsiness... " I The Army After Next I wullw.ve to be... Strategically mobile Tactically Agile Overmatching Logis~caUy Emcient Medically Assred Sperlatively Manned

15 1 Stack: Strategic Mobility 1/4 Strategically Mobile Able very rapidly to insert effective earlyentry for~es directly into a hostile environment. to stabilize the sitation. find and fix enemy forces, and establish control of territory and poplation. Minimm footprint in the objecti ve area. Maximm tilization of commercial means for both deployment and sstainment -Fstest with the Mostest" one division within one day oc decision one corps witbin tbree days SlplfIod,,."... penoaei OD the polllld - Bc!aeloa flack cn. css - Bz1ea1... U- oa _. daia ciiaui1n1iioa Limwr.!DOn ~bl. ftllic1a Moclendad aniu"7 'or d_ GppOI1 a..o- OD USAP add USN for air aperlorlt, Bntad _gne 10 oo_rdaj airlift Yia ChiJ a.... AYiaIlOD PI", {CRAP.) P.rwalft oodtalaerinlioa -eo-ralal Iblpplq -<>per..ither,_ the... or ho... MobU. Offabo... B_ (MOB) R.ATIONALE AAN ClUUlot expect otber services to design and invest in mobility platforms to project AAN - Scarce military airlift. priority to own needs - Constrained Amphibios" sealift Instead. AAN mst be confij{red to exploit fast commercial1ift. prepositioning,and sea-basing - CRAF: PAX a.od freigbt - Containerize essentials - Mobile Offsbore Bases (MOB) - Logistics Over tbe Sbore (LOTS) Hence. split-based operations will be normal A Distinctive Mods Operandi: Combat Spport (CS) and Combat Service Spport (CSS) mainly from otside theater sing Intercontinental civil air & fast ships, MOB, and LOTS CS entails modernized artillery CSS entails extensive "containerization" total asset visibility (T A V), and vigoros Interaction with Intermodal shippers.

16 Overmatching Being overpowering in battles and engagements Al ways having the Initiative in the campaign Remaining In control Sccessflly protecting the force Leveraging Joint capabilities Operationally Adroit Mst dominate variable battle space + Speed -act faster than enemy can conter -all systems -all levels-fires, manever, info-strikes + Space - variety of terrain, geography, enemy forces -CONUS to FLOT an~ beyond + Timing -nprecedented simltaneity Battle Command less encmbered to enhance flexibility Overwhelmingly effective, able to... Exploit enemy weakness and conter strengths Act on speriority of Joint forces and Ores - Allow enemy no sanctaries - Discriminate, crippling targeting Dominate in infonnation warfare Limit own vlnerabilities - Defenses against WMD, TBM, em - Logistic tail otside combat zone - Strong air defense for deployed forces Employ denial and deception, control tempo IAANMapl

17 ~/{ 1/7 Technology for Teamwork Teams are what cont, not individals Integral with teams ms~ be technology: - for mobility - for sitational nderstanding - for sstainability All combatants operate in or with air or grond vehicles All entities are nder constant control All entitities are sensor platforms Why Strdre Arond Teams? Individals or pails nlikely to: - Provide for close-in sitational awareness - Cope with medical emergencies - Operate continosly IF tactically agile. nit/team size: - Seven (-)for 3600 secrity, fire and movement - Forteen (-) for relentless day/night operations _ Optimize for targeting, controlling fires Redced tactical presence levers ess 217,17 Or aggregate tactical weakness stems largely from tbis... We bave encoraged tbe man to tbink creatively as a persod withot stimlating him to act and speak at all times as a member of a team. Tbe empbasis sbold be kept eternally on tbe main point: Illr.(sr.st dty IS to l.oid bls. force to otbers! I [Team] nity comes to fll cooperation between each man add his neighbor. There is no battle strealth withig tbe compy or reliment except as it derives from tbis basic elemegt withig the smallest componept.. 8.L.A.ManIIa11, MNI ~ Fl,., 1947 Tactical C 4 I Low power, celllar, spread spectrm: tbosands of sbscribers witb sbort-brst data, pls a sbset with service Cor imagery add data streams as well RedndaDt Ilets, versatile wave forms adaptllble to circmstance; mlti-mode radios Portable base stations Cor cells in combat zone, capable oc geo-positioning transmitters, and interacting with GPS add INS Cor assred 3D locs Interfaces with legacy add long-hal comms Nenrork reconcigrable at wiji to reflect cbanging tactical relatiollships Relentless Combat AAN will have technology to fight 24 bors per day, day in and day ot Persistent, bigh tempo operations offer clear advantages over potential Coes, particlarly wben cooled with iolormation warfare Ot-mever the Coe ill mind, in time, in space Bt three preconditions mst obtain: - Sfficient teams/crews to assre proper sleep - Sitational nderstandiag for garanteed effect on enemy - CSS sfficient to sstain the pace 417 Tactically Agile, able to... Engage relentlessly, day or night Move at will in three dimeasions Mltiply tbe sitational nderstanding alld firepower o,f small teams to: -Assre cohesion and iateroperation -Deter. paralyze and deceive tbe enemy -Deslroy enemy with discriminate fires Recon figre C 4 I at will -Form a network of networks - Broad band coddectivity to every combatant -Interact with aviation add AFV 017 Technology for Teamwork A 3D terrai.n data base that can be crrent and responsive to each combatant. N. B. delinition reqirements vary by orders of magnitde: Ezploit Coward-deployed personnel and vebicles.s sensor platforms, for acostic arrays, distribted MTI Position redlltadtly: OPS,INS,LORAN,celllar Tract physiological readiness oc ellcb comblltadt, atomatic reporting of homeostasis Embed AAN TES witbin C 4 1 7n I,.,.11,... >4IP I

18 v Logistically Efficient, able to... Manage via fll and continos asset visibility Respply on demand - Air delivery precise to time and place - Robotic vehicles - Minimal stockage, personnel in combat zone Maintain on need, vice schedle - Continos monitoring by MEMS - Mentored remove/replace forward - Seaborne, containerized ess nits IAAN MaPJ Changing the In-Theater Teeth-to-Tall Ratio Redce In-Theater ess to the minimm Move from "jst-in-case" to "jst-in-time" Leverage indstry -Regional procrement - Transmodal transportation - In! ormatics Echelon back - take no one into theater who can, sing moden commnications, fnction from olltside Maintain on-line logistics data, distribted to all commanders with need-to-know

19 115 Personnel Policy Implications AAN will be in a SUIte of OODstant readiness, hence: - Conscription offers no spport Cor AAN - Reserves can figre in AAN, bt only in roles for which they can maintain reqisite readiness AAN combat team manning mst be bigbly selective Present approaches to recriting and training mst be modified to accommodate: - The reqirements high proficiency within each small team - The new-old mix of eqipment within the Army overall Initial Entry Training Training Team. & System Training Reqirements for TRADOC in spport of AAN:. - Training developments ahead of AAN fielding for bom individal and collective training - Embedded training withln on-coming AAN materiel - Training enablers (job aids, devices. simlators, simllions- conscrcuve, vitwal.1ive) - Ef'feaive, pervasive distance learning mechanisms and techniqe Training Reconfagre crrent distinaions: instittionaj.-----~ P-----~ Initial Entry Training AAN Il'aining shold look like this: Initial Entry Training Training ~ :& System Tr.. Team & System Training Army After Next willlnlin on the eqipment in each nit AAN will have broad recorse to TES of all three types AAN will train by ream, with commanders and team leaders mentoring AAN will ~ within the context of each nit's METL tasks AAN: Rigorosly Trained, able to... Condct STOW -like training anywhere for all aits - Generate qictly reqired terrain data - Develop collective stills, rehearse operations Use C41 system to captre data for AAR. feedback to combat developments process Spport most individal training in nits (as opposed to scbools or trainin2 centers) - Use orglulic commnications andlor embedded training - Bmploy satellite TV and Internet Access TRADOC scbools continosly via DISA

20 5~kt\4- Medically Assred, able to... Monitor continosly physiologic readiness of each combatant in zones of high hazard - Atomatic alann, locs/first aidlevac - First line of defense against BW attacks - Deploy spplemental sensors of NBC weapons Use telemedicine far-forward - Mentor WlSkilled first aidl stabilization - Remotely-controlled bio-drg infsion - Iso-container-hosed field hospitals - Swift, sre evacation from theater Personnel Stats Monllor (PSM) DARPA/AMEDD development to date Vital signs sensors+gps+compter+radio Crrently <5 ponds. in LBE barness, optimized to warn of tbe onset of bypotbermia Tested b)t Rangers in Jly 96. fond sefl ror command and control: tracked Ran.gers even wben swimming river. showed NCOs location each man Conforms to DSB vision: a celllar. spread spectrm. LPIILPD commnication system on every soldier Insrance against MIA. and against wasting medics trying to reach corpses Practice in Combat Casalty Care PSM enables distribted interactive simlation (DIS) Underwrites medical sbsystems for au forms of simlation -live, virtal, constrctive Nmbers at patieats. type injries Oow from simlation Vnal patients realistically train medics. doctors Contribte to development of military te1emedicine Te1emedical data streams - intelligence data streams I Tclemec!lc1rM I

21 117 Commercial Overseas Shipping Trends Time-sensitive, high-vale cargo provldes 1ID.pets Newer container ships will doble in size New containers of composites foe mength, lightness - For air (EM transpacen.tfor TAV,inspettion) - For sea (protect items from maker to seller) Broader se of ROIRO in high-payoff trade - Self-propelled vehicles - Aic-cshioned pallets foe containers Hyper-speed ships operating between dedicated poets Air cargo fleet expanding (wide bodies. comm C-t 7) Air freight providers lead the way: - Robotic loading - Pervasive T AV. containerization. inspectability - Integrated, end-to-eod. information-based system 217 Transmodal Force Projection CONUS _..._1 APO by, ~BTAVd~Om~~ Total Asset Visibility Continos control over nits. people. and materiel - Transmodal: fnctions on land, at sea, in the air - From CONUS origins to overseas employment - Precise information on locs, condition, cstodian - Rapid adjstment of flow, swift replenishment Sine qa BOBf or: - Significantly more rapid force projection - Efficient SUO (highly aware, agile tactical elements) - Adoption of a distribted indirect fire system - Saapping jst-in-case logistics for jst-in-time - Altering drastically the teeth-to-tail ratio 417 CONT AINERIZA TION JIT logistics entail T A V and extensive containerization - Military now lags commerce -Gap will probably widen Trends dictated by costs: - On North Atlantic, shipping is 10-15% of costs * Average ship now 2500 TEU (20 ft eqiv nits) * Newer ships TEU - Terminal (port) operations are 85-90% of costs * Fastest terminals crane-off 150 containers/he * New ships otmode crrent terminals: - 2 days! Hence, strong incentives for: - More drable, lighter containers - High speed nloading methods ) ) )

22 The FastShip Initiative Commercial ship trends are generally adverse for AAN: - LargB' container carriers needing mega-ports - Fewer US flag carriers; crrent stats: Owner Total US Bilt Age<16 (US Bilt Age>6(US Bilt) ContaInerships sa 6 S 0 (0) 0 (0) Pvt (10) 1 (1) RO/RO sa 3S 8 S (0) 0 (0) Pvt ~ ~ ~m o~ F a~hipm is U.S. ventre to ship high -payoff containers: - In broad-beam hlls with water-jet proplsion - All cargo in-hold, ROIR 0 sing air-coshion pallets - At speeds above 35 knots on Noeth Atlantic, Pacific - Appears to have military potential: *1 FceXXI HvyTaskForC8 &2~vSqdoa@38kla 517 * Range 10s0miles pel" clay, or miles pel' week, ad weathel" 617 Transmodal Shipping Technology Containers of composites - E.g., thin-shell polycaroonate * Temile strength 9,000,000 psi * Strength compress, flex - 13,000 psi * Shear modls 114,000 psi * Elasticity modls 340,000 psi - Less tare, better system conformity - Usable as shelters; easy to cover, conceal on land Means to loadlnload containers 4 to 6 X faster in port - E.g., ALICON airlifted pallets for containers - Gracefl interfaces with trcks, rail cars Crrent thrsts aimed at F astshipm, bt: - Appears seable for conventional ships - Adaptab.1e for military reqirements in astere ports? Opportnities for AAN Exploitation Explore CRAF spport for AAN initiatives - LIFR, Combat Casalty Spport, parachte delivery - Carbon-winged, p-engmed commercial C-17 Experiment with new air and sea containers to ascertain: - Relevance for rapid deployment - Adapability as in-theater shelters - Capacity for hardening against ballistic, WMD threats - Applicability for mnitions shipping (e.g., LIFR) Cooperate with commercial carriers to develop: - Interoperability of info management, pallets, containers - Practical, ~INC-exercised contingency plans Adapt commercial systems as primary deployment sing: Airlift, for the AAN C+ 1 division and the C+3 corps - Sealift, for sstainment and follow-on echelons ISttategic MobililyllAAN Mapl ) ) )

23 Civil Reserve Airfleet Fodenl PDA" for StaaA)' RoadiDea emainlypax e Need to coopt freight/express shippers e Air-to-air refeling sefl e For freight aircraft, paradrop doors oxygen bottles for crew very Important e Oght to be possible to design for PAX Inbond to theater, casalties otbond Wing-loading for passenger aircraft? 114 Clam-shell doors, rear loading? C-17 Commercial Version C-17 reqirement from top-down OSD intervention - Neither USAF and USA wanted program - AAN will need more than crrent program provides Planed commercial version scraps military featres - CRAF cold sbsidize their retention - CRAF cold sbsidize enhancements CRAF cold eqip with polycarbonate composite wing - Lighter. more efficient. hence extended range -25% - Stronger. less likely to have stress problems - Cold be eqipped with MEMS maintrenance aids CRAF cold provide modem engines - Frther gains in fel efficiency. speed. and range 314 Commercial C-17s cold become a mainstay of AAN 214 (Civil Reserve Air Fleet (CRAF)] s government pays airlines to modify planes to meet wartime reqirements AAN oght soon to become active re CRAF: - The aircraft bilt over the next decade will be those flying in Unless incentivized. airlines nlikely to by: Clam-shell doors for rapid load/nload Provisions for parachting in flight In-flight refeling kits Exterior-load hard points [Lanch-In-Flight RAH-66] How abot lanch-from-internalload via tow-to-night, or parachte-to-night, or paraglide-to-f ARRP? AAN shold vigorosly experiment with intercontinental attacks to control land! <tbs~:dl_ strategic IAANMaPJ ) ) )

24 v Si tational Awareness Means, mechanisms and procedres for providing every member of any team. at every echelon, with access to the information he or she needs, when they need it, and can se it Sitational Understanding The ability of a team to se si tati onal awareness to advantage, to com prehend information and to act pon it to execte the intent of the commander. Sitational Awareness/Understanding is NOT lnieuigence :- timely information abot the enemy and tile environment is necessary bt not sfficient Every team having access to all information: fnction and practicality mstgovem informatics design A cbarter for ncoordinated action independent of the intent of the commander Informatics for Teamwork Reconf'lgrable C4I based on intemetted networks of networks with distribted nodes Personnel and eqipment monitoring Small nit tactical commnications Small/micro RPV' s and robots at small nit level Imbedded training/learning loop Integral jamming. cloaking. deception Asset visibility and monitoring VIRTUAL MINEFlELDS ("NO OPERATION ZONES") An operaonaj CCII1Dqll UIUI8.,.DmI ci ayltlmllo amid Iso InIIIn _lidl emmy military QPCR:icnl wajld be naiy if1llol1iblo 10 c:ondc:t - ZCIleII wold bo 111'9' ImU8h II) bo operallonllly afl (ea., 2I:bt2CK1~ - ZCIleIIwoId bo mowd rrwnd I region rapdly - m on 11'1 'adnnoe wamill8' ct 'nonobolj' bll - mcmy aoti91ty wold bo deta:ed. III'sed &nd dllabled (not -.anly ~ - ZCIleII rmy not be mtll'dy ICIlk proof AppbCltlClll 0I11'Ji., 'no opintjon 'ldf'td - dapltbi bslllefitid (0.8. c:nnnei enetr foi'coi) - barriert 10 p!'diicl fnendly Of allied miti - ccnllllmsntof msnynililllyopnticn - pe:ioii CIlforallilsnt - ciemclrii.ljon d owarwhdmna U.S. mhtal)' ~ power Oll'ldcplr8lll challcten saci - bild cti fysuilli 01.,.~ (e 8. ~.. C2. Jlnrnen. VltQponI) - -~sel' brcdd ranaeolldchncloav dirielopncill drcttj - trollilcl"riolj v c

25 S.J-~ 18 Med Spport In 20 years.... Combat forces 33% of crrent manning "Conserve the fighting strength... Flrepower 100% that of present threats "Realigned casalty prediction models..... Teeth-to-tall ratio (In-theater> > 1.0 "Hyper-rapid evac to CONUS or haven... Health care as needed vice per capita "Total health accontability, responsiveness... Project care forward vice evac to care "Combat telemedicine 10 point o/casalty... " Acqisition feled by civil health-care system 1110 "Demand driven. ex/jloilil11~ advanced tech..... SIlO FUNCTIONS. ; :~Wln~ ':... lcboanilwioiiilkla ' CjIIlIIhJInlItI'8I nai-um.;11dcrdign mcaswaaoa ". 0l'aldertlq LOCUS dis_tlllllian Inld prep bltllcc1l:ld p1iphic:ii=. tnlaplll_cnti 1IIaIa1d dqi/oj'mcntl IUta1d diiinxsirtsilci Expertise in botb commnities resides In CONUS COMM REQUIREMENTS Global Sonoll A TM OC J,,/ mltl level secrity 2110 Ftre Combat Casalty Care Sit Understanding: forestall, locate casalties - PSM component of C'I - Triage from instant of impairment Mentor first-care provider - Bandwidth as important as bandages Stabilize far forward - Tele-treatment. tele-srgery Evacate rapidly. preferably to secre haven - Downsize, harden in-theater med presence Med-holds In CONUS only -All convalescence. rehabilitation ARAPAHO-MED: Reconfigring AMEDD Field Facilities for Operating at Sea v ARAP AHO-?v1EO =.~ Concept for Container-Based MASH (Mobile Army srgicallm~: Hospital) Vmi QUI optnlll:' lit Sell or (/tplo)' in conlllint!rs onllln(/ Stabilization Enrote to CONUS v Hyper-fast Medical Evacation DelJiz Clipper is commercial ventre dealing in critical cargo, key persons Cold evac from any helipad direct to. any tertiary care hospital in CONUS Max flight time > one hor 120 feet X 60 tons a vii Reserve Rocket Aeet (CRRoF)? '7110 D<:,)\...\ldJol.:ll DglLS & Ho:ill~ li.1 -.ell,. modd or DdL"l ClIPI""'"... llll... llall. 0II,IUlllOlUI<I-.:.. 15 hdr; 1,10.17W,~.. Clown 7 11m... Pffi'oj"'('h:,\I:,<-J. ~s ~link r".. r: J~ Ul'" tnco.'lii...; DARPA Medical Technology for Combat Casalty Care Immediate Casalty Awareness - Casalty location. triage. treatment Accelerated Medical Response - Remote srgery. life spport. imagery Enhanced Medical Treatment & Training - Combat informatics. trama simlation Smllllon FY94 FY95 FY 96 FY97 FY98 FV99 TotsJ

26 Anti-trama Bio-Engineering Energy failre... ~ Ionic imbalance ~Ischemia Free radical formation. " '. " " ~. " ~ ~,. Degradation of protein p'athways Membrane... Activation of intracelllar nertrbations proteases, lipases, ncleases '9110 I.s. Strengths I Trama Hibernon High-risk phannocologic syntheses - moleclar modeling. cell-level agents - program -550 million over 5 years - Use Special Agreements Athority Drg-indced tolerance to ischemia despite exsangination. tisse hypoxia. and acte systemic shock: remote controlled injection Prevent irreversible celllar injry. restore homeostasis -Cessation of energy consmption - Block ceo detractors - Stimlate natral defenses v

27 I AAN Modlar csfi No trcks, no tents, no shelters except ISO containers Train and fight from containers, at sea or on-shore I AAN Modlar CS~ Army's ARAPAHO stdy of the '80s demonstrated that personnel and vehicle cost avoidance will pay for containerizing. Concept has strategic reach, pls tactical srvivability in that containers can be entrenched. I Arapaho-Med I M.O. IAANMaPi ) ) )

28 Commnications Technology for Teamwork Reliable connectivity in restrictive environments Able [() operate amid bostile SIGINT Ijamming Network widely dispersed teams - 70 teams. with 7-14 soldiers per team km x 200 km area of operations Sca1eable to larger areas. more teams Interoperable with legacy comm systems. e.g. SlNCGARS EPLRS Mobile Sbscriber Eqipment (MSE) Field-worthy Ligbt-weigbt.low-power drain. ser friendly Affordable «$2000) Voice Position Orders Commnicate what? Calls for fire Telemedicine Maintenance Data, Voice, Video in Bilt-p areas Conif'eros fotess Triple-canopy j\1ogle Montaia Intel PSM data Respply 115 Coping with Enemy Information Warfare Crrent Weakness Reqired Technology Reliability in restriaive environments "malch radio 10 tile pillet''' Umited COMSEC "miib! tlje S{tl101 hnrd (.0 lind or re4d" Raoge.. fliiior tile Det /ijr file Deer! 3J5 Diversity. redndancy Network MUlti-band sets Robst. adaptive nets Innovative relays New LPlILPD Means New waveforms sprepd spectrm lnaeasedlvariable bandwidth Directional/nlling antennae Power control Novel waveforms. variable bandwidtb.luuetulae DARPA R&D for Tactical Comms Re~ctiveen~onments... Range and bandwidth: LPl. LPDAJ - Combatant tracking for IFF Grond-based relay improvements - Better range. operationa1life. srvivability - Portability and elise of deployment -Affordability Pro[()cols - Adaptive. dynamic connectivity - Variable network control Integrated navigational capability - Time of arrival - Spread spectrm ranging Parallel Channelization LOS Block Reliable connectivity I' '" '':';'''~''.:.:.''~' (0 Low power '"... V Variable channels/link margins ',. ". 10 bpa Ordan,locI Volal _ 12I k... Vl., " No feedback or "handsbake",... - simple,... - LPI, '. - robst 2 - scaleable Mlti-channel, all digital transceivers v

29 Electric Combat Vehicle (ECV) Electric Combat Vehicle /' I 11\2.... r rl...~jl r.1 Welght< 10 tons Hybrid electric/fossil fel Fel se 25% that of 2X radis, 2X speed cross contry Acostic/thermal/visal signatre redction Active armor Active sspension Electric gns, DEW Mated to UAV for R8TA 21\2 Hybrid electric. crew of 2 Fly-ot infantry spport wpn Slaved UAV Can tow arty/mortar container Electric Direct Fire System (EDFS) VI2 ECV for Military Operations in Bilt-p Areas Sqad of 7 (two teams) Hybrid elearic. crew of 2 Slaved UAV Can tow arty/mortar container SqadPod TECH for TEAMWORK: SCOUTER -Two component vehicle: robot helo + ATV -Crew of two: Pilot/RST A operator. scot/driver 0 - ATV is ltra-lite ECV 5112 IIIM.p Stats of the "Grond Combat Platfonn" Army approach: R&D objective: a common AFV chassis Commonality of components, stctres l Information systems, malntanance, training Not nlike the Armored Family ofvehldes program of the '80s Plan Is to keep crrent platforms In service ntil R&D bears frit Army prepared to fnd reqired 0&8 Crrent proposed designs: SS ton Desideratm: 40 tons, lower If feasible 71\2 TECH for TEAMWORK: SCOUTER Air Canlry Ropmcal H eo I mate d for liiiiljiii"- airmobile scoting Vehicles separate crew: 2 seated for grond scoting in line -Helo performs RSTA fnctions overwatching ATV ~ -ATV is doble-ended, RST A rigged, fnctions of driving, RST A ops shift front-to-rear for "scoot" '-1-:-:I~""".,12. IIM1P I 'J:'esmC8r for: AJrborn :Dlvlsloill ATV, an AECV with a small, RST A UA V ATV moots direct nre \\ UA V control by Pilot Assigned driver 0 Team of for for Opes) 0 TeamCar tows a mortar pod Soldiers are parachtists; vehicles are' air-dropped 0112 I:+- : :lo SliM., I.N 'I.,! Benefits of Common Chassis Approach Some improvement in strategic mobility Acqisition cost for "family" is redced Cost of O&S (operation and sstainment) lower - Less fel reqired (hence less fel trcks) - Fewer spares overall - Simplified training - Fewer personnel overall Lower costs in sstairnent base from privatization (perhaps) - acqisition refonn. not modernization 8/12

30 There are Alternatives... ApprOAch A: Work the present system Mch lighter. innovative tracked vehicles TRADOC sets reqirement in which force projection/early entry dominates Creative arrangements for shared RDA costs Approach B: Coopt commercial designs Non-traditional sppliers (Deere. Caterpillar) World-wide spares/maintenance spport Bsiness likely to respond to either reqirements for tracks or for wheels 9112 No Choice Provides Easy Answer Approach A: Where will the Army get the money? Approach B' Commercial tracks lack the speed and maneverability Army seeks. and commercial wheels have failed all Army evalations BUT Commerce has proved that large nmbers of heavy vehicles. wheels and tracks can be procred. operated. and sstained well below Army experience Testing by Germans spports 2 and 3 man crews Conventional design-weight is driven by armor to protect crew. Srely there is a better answer: - In infonnation system design and atomation - In active as well as passi ve protection Sggestion An acqlsltlon reform Initiative to Invite Indstrial participation In the determination of reqirements for AAN combat vehjcles !Development! IAANMapl

31 Technology for Teamwork Portable sorces of energy are essential for sensors, commwlications. and robots (inclding flying vehicles) sed in spport of small. tactical teams Lilbim batteries - crrently in voge - are expensive. dangeros. heavy, and difficlt to dispose of There are several promising designs for fel ceus that are likely to spplement balteries in the next decade. Beyond fel cells lie very small engines, mia-o-electric mechanical systems (MEMS). tbat cold frnish tbe antithesis of lithim batteries: very small. light. cbeap. innocos sorces of mecbanical and elearic energy, 1"....' '.. '. 1' -' tgi.'..].- '1 ".'. ~..,.:",.. MEMS.Power ~ e ' -~~~~~~T-T-~,.". 1fI. 'UI/I'... GO \GI-.,. ttl -soi 1GIII 3~ ". ':::-,,; : 'Jt:irt-illIIdInIII~ Existing MEMS devices typically have.! to 10 components. and I-50 b"ansislors e Illrbines are an order or magnitde more complex e Problem is fabricating parts. - design nprecedented - innovative rorming techniqes e MIT expects to bave an operating ~e~ine by year 20 watts MEMS Trbo-generators ellfabrication of refactory ceramics enables shirt-bon size gas trbines and generators (-.6cc) e Power densities (HPlnit volme) - fll-size engines (100 wattslcc ) Costs cold be very low in volme Ilengines enable: - On-person elec1l'onics - IlUA V and fly-ot weapons - "Refel able" power cells Power(kw) Aitflow(g/sec) Specific Fel Cons (kg/hrlkw) Power/Air Flow (kw/ttl/sec) PowerlWt (twits) 1 H 2 fel 2JP-8 ~Engine VS. Conventional.m :1 ~ &g l40 100:1 lsi lkj.g :1 JlTrbo-generator In BA.S590 1 case Por watt-hors with btane fel Typical consmption: 25 watts for 300 hors Cbe 4.4"x2.4S"xS" 2()()G F exhast withot forced ventilation (dissipaes in indies) Noise above hman bearins I AImy ~lda Batlay (-112.0CXJ)

32 s~~~ (Mobile Offshore Base~ Modle 300' wide X 500'lon2 U 6 modles = C-130 airfield; 10, C-17 l\1ns signed by CMC, CINCSOC, CINCACOM and USCINCSO (FY95) Costl modle.(darp A estimat~): $372M 300' Otboord (side) view [Logistics Over the Shore (LOTS)] Landing Ship Qay/Casway (LSQ/C) - Modified Very Large Crde Carrier - 15 knot speed - Ballasted to seafloor ott beach to serve as stable pier head, recoverable - Carries p to 10,000 feet of raised caseway, cranes, pipelines, conveyor belt for containers IAAN Maij Deployed In 72 hors p to seastate,...; 5~--. I SinlcEk

33 v Exactly where? For land warl'are. GPS - naided - is an nreliable and vlnerable mechanism GPS is commercially available to friend and foe:in searching for a combat edge. land forces need better means for x.y.7. GPS is weakest where land forces need it the most: in bilt-p areas. montains, jngles; with a small. dismonted team; for Penonnel Stats Monitors. GPS is ssceptible to jamming. A 100 wan jammer can deny signal to commercial sets ot to 100 km Improved GPS is possible: e.g.. more accrate cjocks. beaer antennae, and integration with alternative position-rtxillg mechanisms sch as inertial nav systems. or radio signal.r,oeessing. These deserve high place in AAN priorities :lis INS? Inertial Navigation Systems can be copled with GPS bt INS sets bave been big. expensive. power-eaters inappropriate for small teams. Sitation is getting better: J.m Weight (Jbs) 47.3 Volme (inl) 1418 Power{wSltS) 141 MTBF (hi's) 3500 Cost ($k) 100.l ~ Synergy via Redndant PLR JIl