Register of the Arnold Ellsworth True papers

Transcription

1 No online items Finding aid prepared by Dale Reed Hoover Institution Archives 434 Galvez Mall Stanford University Stanford, CA, (650) ,

2 Title: Arnold Ellsworth Date (inclusive): Collection Number: Contributing Institution: Hoover Institution Archives Language of Material: English Physical Description: 15 manuscript boxes, 1 oversize box (7.2 linear feet) Abstract: Writings, correspondence, memoranda, printed matter, photographs, and sound recordings relating to American naval operations in the Pacific Theater during World War II, especially the sinking of the destroyer Hammann at the battle of Midway, anti-war protest movements in the United States during the Vietnam War, and government surveillance of these movements. Includes United States government documents released under the Freedom of Information Act. Physical Location: Hoover Institution Archives Creator: True, Arnold Ellsworth, Access Collection is open for research. The Hoover Institution Archives only allows access to copiesof audiovisual items. To listen to sound recordings or to view videos or films during your visit, please contact the Archives at least two working days before your arrival. We will then advise you of the accessibility of the material you wish to see or hear. Please note that not all audiovisual material is immediately accessible. Publication Rights For copyright status, please contact the Hoover Institution Archives. Preferred Citation [Identification of item], Arnold Ellsworth, [Box number], Hoover Institution Archives. Acquisition Information Acquired by the Hoover Institution Archives in Accruals Materials may have been added to the collection since this finding aid was prepared. To determine if this has occurred, find the collection in Stanford University's online catalog at Materials have been added to the collection if the number of boxes listed in the online catalog is larger than the number of boxes listed in this finding aid Born, Owen County, Kentucky 1920 Graduate, United States Naval Academy; commissioned ensign, U.S. Navy 1931 M.S. in meteorology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1939 Graduate, U.S. Naval War College Commanding officer, U.S.S. Hammann Commanding officer, Destroyer Division Three Commanding officer, Destroyer Squadron Two Staff officer, Atlantic Fleet 1946 Retired from U.S. Navy as rear admiral Professor of meteorology, San Jose State College 1969 Member, U.S. Study Team on Religious and Political Freedom in Vietnam 1979 Died, Palo Alto, California Scope and Content of Collection The Arnold Ellsworth document the life of a United States naval officer whose career took an unusual turn. The most dramatic moments of True's naval service came during World War II in 1942 when he was at the Battle of the Coral Sea and subsequently at the Battle of Midway as captain of the destroyer Hammann. At the Coral Sea, the Hammann came to the relief of the stricken aircraft carrier Lexington and was credited with saving hundreds of American seamen from the sinking ship. A somewhat similar situation arose at Midway when the Hammann came to the aid of the Yorktown. While efforts to contain damage on the crippled carrier were underway it was hit by more torpedoes, and so too was the Hammann as it lay alongside. Both ships were lost. Many of the Hammann's crew died, and True himself was wounded. He was awarded the Navy Cross and the Distinguished Service Medal for his conduct in these battles. After early disability retirement from the Navy, Admiral True undertook a second career as a faculty member at San Jose State College. Meanwhile, he had become increasingly convinced of the futility of war and became a Quaker, joining the Society of Friends in The bulk of the collection documents his advocacy of the cause of peace, especially during the

3 Vietnam War era. True was an early opponent of American military involvement in Vietnam, and he successfully contested an effort by the U.S. Navy to prevent him, as a retired officer, from speaking out publicly on foreign policy issues. After the Navy withdrew its objections, in 1967 True embarked on a national speaking tour sponsored by Veterans for Peace in Vietnam. Together with a few other like-minded retired generals and admirals, among them retired Marine Corps General David M. Shoup, whose papers are also in the Hoover Institution Archives, he achieved national notice. Senator J. William Fulbright consulted him in conjunction with the Senate Foreign Relations Committee's investigation of the Tonkin Gulf incident. In 1969, Admiral True joined a study team mission to South Vietnam sponsored by American religious groups. The team produced a report critical of the U.S.-supported government of that country. Also included in the collection are redacted official documents sought and received from U.S. government agencies by Corinne True, the admiral's widow, under the Freedom of Information Act. They document government surveillance of him and establish that he was a target of the Federal Bureau of Investigation's Counterintelligence Program (COINTELPRO). Subjects and Indexing Terms Hammann (Ship) United States. Navy--Officers. Internal security--united States. Midway, Battle of, Peace. Radicalism--United States. Vietnam War, Protest movements. World War, Campaigns--Pacific Ocean. World War, Naval operations. Boxes 1-3 Biographical File, Personal documents, biographical data, and printed matter relating to Arnold Ellsworth True. Box/Folder 1 : 1 Biographical data, Birth certificate and biographical sketches. Box/Folder 1 : 2 Obituaries, Box/Folder 1 : 3 Memorial service notes, 1979 Box/Folder 1 : 4 Biography, Arnold Ellsworth True: Destroyer Captain, Maverick Admiral, by Norman W. Shaw, 1980 Drafts, finished typescript, and printed copy. Box/Folder 1 : 5 Family, Clippings and miscellany relating to family members. General, Clippings, printed articles, certificates, notes, schedules, and miscellany relating to True or referring to him. Includes announcements and programs of events at which he was a speaker or which he attended. Box/Folder 1 : Box/Folder 1 : Box/Folder 1 :

4 Biographical File, General, Box/Folder 1 : 9 Box/Folder 1 : 10 Box/Folder 2 : 1 Box/Folder 2 : February-September 1967 October-November 1967 December 1968 January-February Includes U.S. Senate Foreign Relations Committee hearings on Gulf of Tonkin incident. Box/Folder 2 : March-May Box/Folder 2 : June-October Box/Folder 2 : January-June Box/Folder 2 : July-December Box/Folder 3 : Box/Folder 3 : Box/Folder 3 : Box/Folder 3 : Box/Folder 3 : Box/Folder 3 : Includes World Citizens Assembly proceedings. Box/Folder 3 : Box/Folder 3 : Box/Folder 3 : Posthumous references. Box/Folder 3 : 10 Undated Boxes 3-4 Chronological File, Compilation of photocopies of significant letters, writings, other documents, clippings, and photographs from the papers of Arnold Ellsworth True, arranged chronologically. Box/Folder 3 : Bound copies, Box/Folder 4 : 1-2 Expanded unbound copy, Box 4 United States Navy File, Citations, awards, correspondence, and miscellany documenting the active duty U.S. Navy service of Arnold Ellsworth True and his official dealings with the Navy after retirement. See also: Declassified U.S. Government Records. Box/Folder 4 : 3 Citations and awards, Includes U.S. Naval Academy Bachelor of Science certificate; Navy Cross, Distinguished Service Medal, Commendation Ribbon, and Bronze Star awards; and certificate of retirement. Box/Folder 4 : 4 Active duty correspondence, Official correspondence and personnel records. Box/Folder 4 : 5 Correspondence with families of shipmates killed in action,

5 United States Navy File, Box/Folder 4 : 6 Miscellany, Includes ship's newspapers, humorous writings, and histories of U.S.S. Morris and U.S.S. Mustin, ships under True's command. Box/Folder 4 : 7 Retirement correspondence, Official correspondence with the Department of the Navy. Unofficial correspondence with naval acquaintances can be found in the Correspondence series. Box/Folder 4 : 8 Speech ban controversy, Correspondence, memorandum, Department of Defense directives, and clippings relating to Department of the Navy effort to prevent True from speaking on foreign policy issues. Box 5 San Jose State College File, Correspondence, memoranda, and miscellany documenting the San Jose State College service of Arnold Ellsworth True. Box/Folder 5 : 1 Correspondence, Official college correspondence. Unofficial correspondence with colleagues can be found in the Correspondence series. Box/Folder 5 : 2 Meteorology program curricula for Bachelor of Science and Master of Science degrees, Box/Folder 5 : 3 Professors on the Right controversy, Memoranda and clippings relating to an academic freedom issue dispute with self-described Professors on the Right on the college campus. Box/Folder 5 : 4 Retirement notice and service award, 1968 Box/Folder 5 : 5 Miscellany, 1967 College publications and speech. Boxes 5-8 Speeches and Writings, Speeches and writings by Arnold Ellsworth True. Box/Folder 5 : 6 "The Structure of Tropical Cyclones," U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings, 1937 March Printed Spanish translation in Boletín del Observatorio Nacional (Cuba). Box/Folder 5 : 7 "The Other War," Common Sense, 1943 May Printed and typed copies. Published under pseudonym Commander. Box/Folder 5 : 8 "The Weather Man Sets D-Day," speech, Engineers' Club, San Francisco, California, 1944 May

6 Speeches and Writings, Letters to the editor Box/Folder 5 : 9 "A Mathematical Interpretation of a Theory of the Universe," 1944 November Box/Folder 5 : 10 Speech to graduating class, U.S. Navy Technical School, Treasure Island, California, 1944 Box/Folder 5 : 11 "Ends and Means: A Meditation," circa 1946 Box/Folder 5 : 12 "A Working Hypothesis," 1946 Box/Folder 5 : 13 "Statement on Universal Military Training," 1951 Box/Folder 5 : 14 "The Junto Club," speech to graduating class, U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California, 1953 January 23 Box/Folder 5 : 15 "New Frontiers," speech to graduating class, Monterey Peninsula College, 1953 June 13 Typescript and mimeograph. Box/Folder 5 : 16 "World Peace," speech to graduating class, Pescadero Union High School, 1957 June 6 Box/Folder 5 : 17 "The Wisdom of Insecurity," speech to graduating class, Pescadero Union High School, 1961 June 15 Mimeograph. Box/Folder 5 : 18 "Secret Dispatches of a Russian Diplomat" (satirical essay), 1962 February 21 Typescript and mimeograph. Box/Folder 5 : 19 Perspective television program on meteorology (San Jose State College television series), 1963 April Mimeographed transcripts. Box/Folder 5 : 20 "Economic Effects of Disarmament," 1965 March

7 Speeches and Writings, Letters to the editor Box/Folder 5 : 21 "Who's Gullible?," 1965 May Mimeograph. Box/Folder 5 : 22 "Vietnam," speech, San Jose, California, 1965 October 16 Box/Folder 5 : 23 "Manipulation," 1965 Box/Folder 5 : 24 "The Tonkin Gulf Incident, August 2, 1964," 1966 March Typescript and mimeograph. Box/Folder 5 : 25 "Statement on Asian Policy and the Vietnam War," 1966 April 18 Mimeograph and printed copy (U.S. Farm News, 1967 June). Box/Folder 5 : 26 "Washington Visitation, April 18-30, 1966," circa 1966 April Mimeograph. Account of American Friends Service Committee meeting with Congressmen in Washington, D.C. Box/Folder 5 : 27 "Vietnam: Voices and Actions of Our Community," 1966 December Mimeograph. Box/Folder 5 : 28 "If the Vietnam War Escalates into China: The Military Problems, Risks and Prospects" (contribution to symposium), Minority of One, 1967 January Typescript and printed copy. Box/Folder 5 : 29 Speech, Business Executives Move for Vietnam Peace national meeting, Washington, D.C., 1967 September 27 Printed copy. Box/Folder 5 : 30 "Can We Win in Vietnam? Veterans Stars and Stripes for Peace," 1967 October Typescript, printed copy, and U.S. Farm News reprint (1967 November). Box/Folder 6 : 1 "Vietnam: Dead End in Asia," 1967 October Mimeograph and printed copy inserted by Senator Vance Hartke in Congressional Record (1967 October 20). Box/Folder 6 : 2 "If We Had Permitted the Geneva Accords to Become Effective," Grass Roots Forum, 1967 December 30 Printed copy

8 Speeches and Writings, Letters to the editor Box/Folder 6 : 3 "An Admiral Speaks on Vietnam: Civilization Depends on Co-existence and Cooperation," Churchman, 1968 March Printed copy. Box/Folder 6 : 4 Message to Eugene McCarthy campaign headquarters, 1968 March Box/Folder 6 : 5 "The Gulf of Tonkin Incidents," 1968 March Printed copy of correspondence with J. William Fulbright inserted by Fulbright in the Congressional Record (1968 March 27). Box/Folder 6 : 6 "An Honorable Peace," Grass Roots Forum, 1968 August 17 Typescript and printed copy. Box/Folder 6 : 7 Statement to Democratic Party National Convention Platform Committee, Washington, D.C., 1968 August 20 Typescript and mimeograph. Box/Folder 6 : 8 Testimony on behalf of Friends Committee on National Legislation to U.S. Senate Armed Services Committee opposing Department of Defense budget requests, Washington, D.C., 1969 May Typescript and printed copy. Box/Folder 6 : 9 "Report of U.S. Study Team on Religious and Political Freedom in Vietnam," 1969 June Collective report by True and other team members. Printed copy inserted in Congressional Record by Senator Abraham Ribicoff (1969 June 17). Box/Folder 6 : 10 "The Hoa Binh Study: An Inquiry into Political and Religious Freedom in Vietnam," 1969 June Mimeograph. Individual report by True as member of U.S. Study Team on Religious and Political Freedom in Vietnam. Box/Folder 6 : 11 Christmas message, 1969 December Box/Folder 6 : 12 Statement on Vietnam for Committee of Responsibility, 1969 Holograph. Box/Folder 6 : 13 Statement to court on behalf of John Braxton, draft resister, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1970 December 13 Includes related letters and clippings

9 Speeches and Writings, Letters to the editor Box/Folder 6 : 14 "American Prisoners in Vietnam," 1970 Box/Folder 6 : 15 "Effect of the Vietnam War on National Security," circa 1970 Box/Folder 6 : 16 "On Surveillance of Civilians by the Military," 1971 January 12 Statement by True issued as press release by Business Executives Move for Vietnam Peace. Box/Folder 6 : 17 "National Security," 1972 Written for George McGovern campaign committee. Box/Folder 6 : 18 "A Brief for World Community," speech, World Citizens Assembly, San Francisco, California, 1975 July 22 Box/Folder 6 : 19 "Dialogue with National Security," 1975 Box/Folder 6 : 20 "The Happy Kingdom," 1976 September 30 Box/Folder 7 : 1 Autobiographical writings, circa Thirty-two autobiographical vignettes intended as parts of an uncompleted autobiography. Box/Folder 7 : 2 "Christmas Eve Off Death Island," 1979 Typescript and printed copy in The Way It Was: As Told By Those Who Were There (collection of writings by members of a Palo Alto, California senior citizens writing group). Box/Folder 7 : 3 "A Definition of God," undated Typescript and mimeograph. Box/Folder 7 : 4 "SALT II," undated Box/Folder 7 : 5 "The United Nations," undated

10 Speeches and Writings, Letters to the editor Letters to the editor Box/Folder 7 : 6 Re Japanese American internment (w Corinne True), San Carlos Enquirer, 1 November 19 Typescript and printed copy. Box/Folder 7 : 7 Re Vietnam War, Progressive, 1965 M Typescript, mimeograph, and printe Box/Folder 7 : 8 General, Typescripts and printed copies. Ass letters to the editor, mainly re Vietn and other peace issues. Box/Folder 7 : 9 Poems, Holographs and typescripts. Box/Folder 7 : Speech notes, mainly re Vietnam War and other peace issues, Box/Folder 8 : 1 Speech notes, mainly re Vietnam War and other peace issues (cont'd.), Box/Folder 8 : 2 Miscellany, undated Notes and fragments. Boxes 8-10 Correspondence, Includes family correspondence and correspondence of Corinne True after her husband's death. General, Box/Folder 8 : Box/Folder 8 : Box/Folder 8 : Box/Folder 8 : Box/Folder 8 :

11 Correspondence, General, Box/Folder 8 : Box/Folder 8 : 9 Undated Box/Folder 9 : 1 Family correspondence, Box/Folder 9 : 2 Unanswered letters to high government officials re public policy issues, Box/Folder 9 : 3 Abrams, Irwin, Box/Folder 9 : 4 American Civil Liberties Union, Box/Folder 9 : 5 American Friends Service Committee, Box/Folder 9 : 6 Anderson, John Z. (Congressman), re Japanese American internment, Box/Folder 9 : 7 Arms of Friendship (person-to-person Soviet-American pen pal program), Box/Folder 9 : 8 Belli, Melvin M., 1968 Box/Folder 9 : 9 Business Executives Move for Vietnam Peace, Box/Folder 9 : 10 Conyers, John, Jr. (Congressman), 1969 Box/Folder 9 : 11 Cousins, Norman (Saturday Review), 1975 Box/Folder 9 : 12 Davis, Rennie, 1968 Box/Folder 9 : 13 Deakin, James (St. Louis Post-Dispatch), 1967 Box/Folder 9 : 14 Drinan, Robert F. (Congressman), Box/Folder 9 : 15 Duncan, Donald W. (Ramparts; Support Our Soldiers), Box/Folder 9 : 16 Fleming, D. F.,

12 Correspondence, General, Box/Folder 9 : 17 Ford, William Wallace (General), Box/Folder 9 : 18 Friends Committee on National Legislation, Box/Folder 9 : 19 Fulbright, J. William (Senator), Box/Folder 9 : 20 Goertzel, Victor, 1977 Box/Folder 9 : 21 Gore, Albert (Senator), 1970 Box/Folder 9 : 22 Gorman, Patrick E., 1967 Box/Folder 9 : 23 Greene, Felix, Box/Folder 9 : 24 Havrilla, Joseph and Lorraine, Box/Folder 9 : 25 Heisler, Francis, re Tonkin Gulf incident, 1966 Box/Folder 9 : 26 Hester, Hugh B. (General), 1976 Box/Folder 9 : 27 Jarrell, Albert E. (Admiral), 1965 Box/Folder 9 : 28 Kahn, Albert E., 1973 Box/Folder 9 : 29 Keating, Edward M., 1967 Box/Folder 9 : 30 Kita, Hiromasa, Box/Folder 9 : 31 La Rocque, Gene R. (Admiral; Center for Defense Information), Box/Folder 9 : 32 Lord, Walter, re Battle of Midway, Box/Folder 10 :

13 Correspondence, General, McDermid, Nancy, 1970 Box/Folder 10 : 2 McGovern, George (Senator), Box/Folder 10 : 3 Mumford, Lewis, 1965 Box/Folder 10 : 4 Nixon, Richard M. (President), Box/Folder 10 : 5 Overseas Vietnamese Buddhist Association, 1969 Box/Folder 10 : 6 Palo Alto Friends Meeting, Box/Folder 10 : 7 Pauling, Linus, Box/Folder 10 : 8 Petersen, Gerald A., Box/Folder 10 : 9 Ribicoff, Abraham (Senator), 1969 Box/Folder 10 : 10 Sabin, L. S. (Admiral), Box/Folder 10 : 11 Shaw, Norman, mainly re U.S.S. Hammann, Box/Folder 10 : 12 Smith, Sheldon D., Box/Folder 10 : 13 Sombart, George and Mary, Box/Folder 10 : 14 Spock, Benjamin, Box/Folder 10 : 15 Triplett, Hall, 1968 Box/Folder 10 : 16 United States Department of Defense, re conscientious objectors, 1966 Box/Folder 10 : 17 United States Department of State,

14 Correspondence, General, Box/Folder 10 : 18 United States Selective Service System (letters on behalf of individual conscientious objectors), Box/Folder 10 : 19 Veterans for Peace, Box/Folder 10 : 20 Warren, Earl (Governor), 1951 Box/Folder 10 : 21 Windchy, Eugene G., re Gulf of Tonkin incident, Boxes Freedom of Information Act File, Responses by U.S. government agencies to Freedom of Information Act requests by Corinne True with redacted photocopies of records provided. Box/Folder 10 : 22 General Box/Folder 10 : 23 United States Central Intelligence Agency, 1987 Box/Folder 10 : 24 United States Department of Defense, 1989 Box/Folder 10 : 25 United States Department of State, Responses include photocopies of passport documents. Box/Folder 10 : 26 United States Department of the Air Force, Responses include redacted photocopy of Defense Intelligence Agency report. Box/Folder 10 : 27 United States Department of the Army, 1990 Response includes redacted photocopy of intelligence report. Box/Folder 11 : 1 United States Department of the Navy, Responses include photocopies of Naval Academy records and redacted photocopies of intelligence reports. Box/Folder 11 : 2-4 United States Federal Bureau of Investigation, Responses include redacted photocopies of intelligence reports. Box/Folder 11 : 5 United States National Security Agency, 1987 Box/Folder 11 : 6 United States Postal Service, 1987 Box 12 Subject File, Printed matter and miscellany not directly relating to Arnold Ellsworth True. Box/Folder 12 : 1 Meteorology, Speech, printed article, and clipping

15 Subject File, Peace, Peace, Much of this material relates to the Vietnam War and associated anti-war movement, but it also includes material on more general issues of peace. Box/Folder 12 : Clippings, Box/Folder 12 : 4 Printed articles, Box/Folder 12 : 5 Newsletters and serial issues, Box/Folder 12 : 6 Pamphlets, Box/Folder 12 : 7 Leaflets and flyers, Box/Folder 13 : 1 Resolutions, statements and circulars, Box/Folder 13 : 2 Congressional Record excerpts, Box/Folder 13 : 3 D. F. Fleming printed articles, Box/Folder 13 : 4 Art Hoppe newspaper columns (San Francisco Chronicle), Box/Folder 13 : 5 Stanford University press releases, Box/Folder 13 : 6 South Vietnamese publications, 1969 Leaflets, clippings and serial issues collected by True during his visit to South Vietnam with the U.S. Study Team on Religious and Political Freedom in Vietnam. Box/Folder 13 : 7 Other foreign publications, Soviet and South Korean newspaper issues. Box/Folder 13 : 8 United States Navy, Printed matter and miscellany. Includes material on Battle of Midway and on U.S.S. Rizal, a ship on which True served. Box/Folder 13 :

16 Subject File, Peace, Miscellany, Printed matter. Box 14 Oversize File, Scrapbooks. Box 14 Scrapbook of Nannie True, mother of Arnold Ellsworth True, including poems, letters and clippings, Box 14 Scrapbook re World War II service of Arnold Ellsworth True on U.S.S. Hammann, including letters, clippings and photographs, Boxes Audiovisual File, circa Photographs, drawing, watercolor, and sound recordings. Box 14 Album of family and naval service photographs, circa Box/Folder 15 : 1 Photographs of family and naval service scenes, 1930s-1970s Box/Folder 15 : 2 Photocopies of photographs, mainly of family scenes, 1900s-1970s Box/Folder 15 : 3 Drawing of Arnold Ellsworth True, undated Box/Folder 15 : 4 Watercolor of Tanforan Internment Camp, California, painted by Hikari Inouye, 1942 Box 16 Two sound discs, circa 1970 Includes a Business Executives Move for Vietnam Peace recording of speeches by Arnold Ellsworth True, former South Vietnamese Ambassador Tran Van Dinh, and Senator Thruston B. Morton; and a World Peace Broadcasting Foundation recording of speech by Senator Wayne Morse. Box 16 Four sound tape reels, circa Includes speeches by Arnold Ellsworth True, an interview with True and Norman Mailer, and Business Executives Move for Vietnam Peace radio commercial messages. Box 16 Five sound cassettes, circa Includes speeches by Arnold Ellsworth True and a radio interview with True and Studs Terkel. Box 15 Declassified U.S. Government Records, 1942, 1944 Formerly security-classified records of the U.S. government, released in full or in part. Arranged chronologically by date of release by Hoover, thereunder chronologically by date of creation. Box/Folder 15 : February release of records, 1942, 1944 United States Navy memoranda, report, and correspondence relating to naval action and citation recommendations, particularly in relation to the sinking of the U.S.S. Hammann