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1 No online items Finding aid prepared by Hoover Institution Archives Staff; revised by Elizabeth Konzak and Vishnu Jani Hoover Institution Archives 434 Galvez Mall Stanford University Stanford, CA, (650) ,

2 Title: David Monroe Shoup papers Date (inclusive): Collection Number: Contributing Institution: Hoover Institution Archives Language of Material: English Physical Description: 31 manuscript boxes, 4 oversize boxes, 22 sound recordings, 9 motion picture film reels(18.0 linear feet) Abstract: Correspondence, memoranda, writings, printed matter, photographs, sound recordings, and motion picture film relating to the Tarawa campaign, other World War II campaigns in the Pacific Theater, post-war activities of the Marine Corps, service as the Commandant of the Marine Corps, and the Vietnam War. Physical Location: Hoover Institution Archives Creator: Shoup, David Monroe, Access Collection is open for research. Use copies of some sound recordings, video recordings, or motion picture material in this collection are available for immediate access. To access other sound recordings, video recordings, or motion picture material during your visit, please contact the Archives at least two working days before your arrival. We will then advise you of the accessibility of the material you wish to see or hear. Please note that not all audiovisual material is immediately accessible. Publication Rights For copyright status, please contact the Hoover Institution Archives. Preferred Citation [Identification of item], David Monroe Shoup papers, [Box number], Hoover Institution Archives. Acquisition Information Acquired by the Hoover Institution Archives in Accruals Materials may have been added to the collection since this finding aid was prepared. To determine if this has occurred, find the collection in Stanford University's online catalog at Materials have been added to the collection if the number of boxes listed in the online catalog is larger than the number of boxes listed in this finding aid Born, Battle Ground, Indiana 1926 Graduate of DePauw University, Greencastle, Indiana 1926 July 20Commissioned a second lieutenant in the U.S. Marine Corps Various postings within the Marine Corps, including an atypical post with the Civilian Conservation Corps in ; promoted through ranks to Major 1942 Arrived in New Zealand; served as G-3, Operations and Training Officer of the 2nd Marine Division 1943 Promoted to Colonel; placed in command of the 2nd Marines, the spearhead of the assault on Tarawa; earned the Medal of Honor and a Purple Heart 1944 Served as Chief of Staff, 2nd Marine Division Returned to the U.S.; served as Logistics Officer, Division of Plans and Policies, Headquarters Marine Corps 1947 Served as Commanding Officer, Service Command, Fleet Marine Force (FMF), Pacific 1949 Served as Division Chief of Staff, 1st Marine Division, Camp Pendleton, California Commanding Officer of the Basic School, Quantico, Virginia Served as Fiscal Director of the Marine Corps Promoted to Major General; served as Inspector General for Recruit Training Served as Commanding General of the 1st Marine Division, Camp Pendleton, California, and 3rd Marine Division, Okinawa 1959 Commanding General of the Marine Corps Recruit Depot, Parris Island, South Carolina 1959 August 12 Nominated by President Dwight D. Eisenhower to be the 22nd Commandant of the Marine Corps Served as 22nd Commandant of the Marine Corps; promoted to four-star general rank; served on the Joint Chiefs of Staff 1963 Retired to Arlington, Virginia; became an outspoken critic of the war in Vietnam 1983 Died; buried in Arlington National Cemetery

3 Scope and Content of Collection The papers document the military career of World War II veteran General David S. Shoup, along with his post-military speaking and writing, in personal files, correspondence, speeches, writings, sound recordings, and film footage. Materials include documentation of the many military positions Shoup held as he steadily rose through the ranks of the Marine Corps, taking on responsibilities in training, fiscal reorganization, and logistics, a process well described in his personal files, correspondence, speeches, and photographs. The collection also contains documentation relating to Shoup's World War II tours, particularly the assault against well-entrenched Japanese defenders at Tarawa, where Shoup, as the senior officer ashore, directed the costly suppression of Japanese resistance. Marines, landing on boats that often became lodged on coral reefs, had to wade in for hundreds of yards in the face of withering fire. His heroism on Tarawa earned Shoup the Medal of Honor and a Purple Heart. Materials about the campaign include a military diary, photographs, research materials, and articles. There is significant documentation of Shoup's tenure as the 22nd Commandant of the Marine Corps from 1960 to 1963 in speeches, correspondence, and photographs. Shoup's leadership brought changes to the Marine Corps: he eliminated the use of swagger sticks, minimized base ceremonies during commandant visits, and upgraded the combat readiness of all Marine units. Vietnam became a pressing policy issue during this time, and Shoup opposed any commitment of U.S. combat forces in Southeast Asia. After retirement, Shoup's skepticism about involvement in Vietnam deepened and became public as he wrote and spoke out about his concerns. His writings and collected printed materials display his desire to speak out against escalating the Vietnam War in the print media, as well as testifying before Congress. Subjects and Indexing Terms Tarawa, Battle of, United States--Armed Forces. United States. Marine Corps--Officers. United States. Marine Corps. Division, 2d. Moving-pictures. Phonorecords. Vietnam War, World War, Campaigns--Pacific Ocean. World War, Boxes 1-5, 31 Personal Files, Includes general biographical information, a patent, citations, awards, and a set of personal files of correspondence, notes, orders, and other printed materials. Box 1 Biographical file, 1934, 1943 Box 1 Journal/notebook, circa 1927, undated Box 1 Citations, certificates, and awards, Box 1 Honors and awards, Box 31 Awards, oversize, Box 1 Patent no. 2,100,982, a device for blacking sights of weapons, 1937 Box 1 Receipts, correspondence, and photographs, Box 1 Invitations and menus, Files, Personal correspondence, notes, orders, brochures, and other collected printed materials, organized in numbered files, then chronologically. Box 2 1, , (bulk) Box 2 2, , (bulk) Box 3 3,

4 Personal Files, Files, Box 3 4, Box Box June Box July-1963 Boxes 5-10 Correspondence, Arranged in chronological order. See also: Commandant of the Marine Corps Files for additional correspondence. Box , 1943 Box Box Includes declassified records returned to file after January 2016 release by Hoover (in 1 April June 1958). Congratulatory correspondence, Generally about promotion to Commandant of the Marine Corps, as well as for his 1969 Atlantic article. Box 8 Files 1-5, Box 9 Files 6-7, , 1969 Including congratulations on "The New American Militarism" article in The Atlantic, Box Box Boxes Speeches, Speeches given while not holding the position of Commandant of the Marine Corps. See also: Commandant of the Marine Corps Files for additional speeches. Box 10 General speeches Box Box 10 Depauw University 25th anniversary, building dedication, speech and photograph, 1951 Box 10 Notes, 1955 Box January 4 Box 10 circa 1965 Box Box 10 Vietnam testimony, Box Box Box Box 10 Senate Foreign Relations Committee, 1971 May 25 Box

5 Speeches, Vietnam testimony, circa 1972 Box 10 Quotations, undated Box 10 Undated Box 11 Unclassified speeches, Includes a speech titles index for each numbered series. Box 11 Unclassified speeches, circa 1956 Includes a speech titles index for each numbered series. Boxes 12, 31 Military Positions Materials, Materials relating to a variety of positions Shoup held in the Marine Corps. Box 31 Military Commissions, Box 12 Call sign notebook, undated Box 12 Quotes, undated Box 12 Correspondence, including clippings, Box 12 Second Marine Division, Three folders. Box 12 Basic School documents, Box 12 Marine Corps Fiscal Division notes and budget manual, 1953 Box 12 Marine Corps fiscal estimates, Box 12 Marine Corps Fiscal Division, 1953 Box 12 Marine training report, 1956 Box 31 Formations and supplies notes, oversize, undated Boxes 13-20, 29 Commandant of the Marine Corps Files, Materials created while Shoup was the Commandant of the Marine Corps (CMC). See also: Correspondence and Speeches for additional information. Speeches, A majority of the speeches included were given during Shoup's time as Commandant of the Marine Corps. Includes a speech titles index for each numbered series. Box 13 Numbered 1-30, 1960 January-August

6 Commandant of the Marine Corps Files, Speeches, Box 13 Numbered 1-25, 1960 October December Box 14 Numbered 26-33, 1960 October December Box 14 Numbered 1-48, 1961 December December Box 14 Unnumbered, circa Three folders. Alphabetical correspondence, Box 15 Box 16 Box 17 Box 18 A-H H-M M-S S-Z General officers correspondence, President of the United States correspondence, Presidential inauguration materials, 1961 Press conferences, favorable, Press conferences, unfavorable, Press coverage, 1962 Remarks, Utterances, notes, and miscellany, including notes on becoming the Commandant of the Marine Corps, "Muzzling of the Military," Stennis hearings in Senate, Box

7 Commandant of the Marine Corps Files, Alphabetical correspondence, "Muzzling of the Military," correspondence and clippings, circa Six folders. Box 20 Charleston News and Courier editorial, 1962 Box 20 Karou Omine visit, 1963 Box 29 Chart folio, flight schedule to Japan, U.S. Naval Oceanographic Office, 1963 September-October Box 20 Far East tour documents and photographs, 1963 Box 20 Visit to the Royal Thai Marine Corps, circa 1963 Box 29 City of Los Angeles, oversize certificate in honor of General Shoup Day, 1963 August 20 Box 21 Writings, Contains articles written by Shoup after his retirement from the military. Box 21 Vietnam, Box 21 "Military Leadership and McNamara," circa 1968 Box 21 "Let's Dare Think About Lasting World Peace," 1969 Box 21 "The New American Militarism," The Atlantic, 1969 Box 21 "New American Militarism," reprinted, Businessmen's Educational Fund, New York, 1970 Box 21 "The China Expedition," undated Boxes 21-22, 31 Tarawa Materials, Various materials documenting the 1943 Tarawa campaigns, including items original to the time as well as those collected or written later, arranged in chronological order. See also: Photographs. Box 21 Small notebook/military diary, 1943 Box 21 Tarawa operations report, 1943 Includes signed photographs. Box 21 Tarawa materials, 1943 Box 21 Tarawa Atoll charts, 1943 Box 21 Photograph book captured at Tarawa, 1943 Box 21 Tarawa Quartermaster's joke,

8 Tarawa Materials, Box 31 Camp Tarawa aerial photograph, oversize, circa 1943 Box 31 Tarawa landing photograph, oversize, mounted, 1943 Box 21 Christening of the USS Tarawa by Zola Shoup, Box 21 "The Tarawa Campaign," an address by Col. Robert R. McCormick, 1946 Box 21 "The Battle for Tarawa," Capt. James R. Stockman, USMC Historical Section, 1947 Box 22 "Some of My Thoughts on Tarawa," David Shoup, circa 1954 Box 22 Tarawa articles, circa Box 22 "The Bloody Epic that Was Tarawa," New York Times Magazine, 1958 November 16 Box 22 Amphibious Warfare Sea Power Symposium, Tarawa photographic reprints, 1960 Box 22 Tarawa articles, 1962 Box 22 "Tarawa, My Last Battle," Kiyoshi Ota with Keith S. Williams, 1964 Box 22 Tarawa materials, 1968 Box 22 Tarawa 25th anniversary materials, 1968 Includes reprinted photographs. Box 31 Uncommon Valor pamphlet, including Tarawa photograph, undated Boxes Photographs, Contains official photographs, snapshots, and personal photographs, arranged chronologically. Box 23 Hawaii, circa 1942 Box July Box 23 Battle of Tarawa, 1943 See also: Tarawa research materials for additional information. Box 23 Battle of Tarawa and after, 1943 Box 23 Tarawa, 1943 Includes related correspondence. Box Box 23 Shoup, Box 23 War scenes, possibly Tarawa, circa Box 23 War scenes, 1944 August Box 23 War scenes, circa 1944 Box 23 Official photographs, circa 1944 Box 23 Official photographs of officers, 1945 Box 23 War publicity photos, 1945 Box 23 Ceremonies: Medal of Honor, Promotion, and CMC, Box 23 Commissioning of the USS Tarawa, Box 23 Bikini Atoll atomic test, 1946 Box January Box Box 24 Basic School, Quantico, Virginia, circa 1951 Box 24 9th JCOC, Marine Corps Schools, 1951 Box 24 Portraits and negatives, 1955 Box 31 2nd Division Sword Monument speech, 1955 Box 24 Parris Island, South Carolina, 1956 December Box January, July, and August Box September Box October Three folders

9 Photographs, Photographic books and albums Box November Box 24 First Division miscellany, 1957 Box 24 Congressional Medal of Honor Society, 1957 Box Box 24 Camp Hansen Typhoon, Okinawa, 1958 January 1958 March 1958 April 1958 May, June, and July 1958 October 1958 November 1958 December Taipei, General Shu and General Shoup, 1958 DePauw University, 1958 First Marine Division History, 1958 First Marine Aircraft Wing, 1958 Quarters, Okinawa, Cloth of Okinawa, circa March Box 26 All-Marine Boxing Champion, 1959 Box 26 Shoup, life story for Commandant ceremony, 1959 Box 26 Parris Island, South Carolina, 1959 Box 26 Covington, Indiana Veteran's Day celebration honoring General Shoup, 1960 Box 26 Naval Academy visit, 1960 Box 31 General Franke, Secretary of the Navy, signed, 1960 Box 26 Taiwan Marine inspection slides, 1961 Box 26 Salute to Admiral Arleigh Burke, 1961 Box 26 Commandant of the Marine Corps (CMC), 1961 Box 26 Visits, Box 31 Visits, oversize, Box 31 Cabinet/Staff, oversize, Box 31 Signed Cabinet/Staff, oversize, Box 26 Naval Academy visit, 1962 Box 26 Fort Still, Indiana visit, 1962 Box 26 Commandant of the Marine Corps visit to JUSMAG Bankok, President Kennedy and Shoup, 1963 Distinguished Service Medal, with President Johnson, 1964 Box 31 Johnson White House, 1964 Birthday, 1964 Parade photo signed by Herbert Humphrey, Portrait, undated Personal photos, undated Honorary degree, undated Color photographs, undated

10 Photographs, Photographic books and albums Third Marine Division, undated Military visits, circa Military training, undated Miscellany, undated Photographic books and albums Inauguration of John F. Kennedy, 1961 Box 28 Chinese visit, circa 1961 Box 29 Korean visit, 1961 Box 30 Camp Murphy, Philippines visit, 1961 Box 28 U.S. First Fleet Exercise, United States Navy and Marine Corps, 1961 November 18 Box 28 Visit of the President of the United States and Distinguished guests to the U.S. Atlantic Fleet, 1962 April Marine Corps Base Combat Swimming Team, Twentynine Palms, California, 1963 Special issue for the 9th Marine Anniversary Brigade, 1963 October Box 30 20th Anniversary of the 2nd Marine Division, D.M. Shoup, a lifetime of photographs, 1963 Boxes Collected Printed Materials, Consists of collected clippings, printed materials, and research books. Shoup often wrote or was quoted in the materials. Box 32 Clippings, Box 33 Clippings, Box 31 Clippings, oversize, Box 34 Fountain-Warren Democrat, Attica, Fountain County, Indiana, 1907 June 13 Box 34 The Bulletin, San Francisco, 1928 August 18 Box 34 Congressional Record, Senate, vol. 106, no. 4, 1960 January 12 Box 34 Congressional Record, Senate, vol. 106, no. 44, 1960 March 9 Box 34 Congressional Record, House, vol. 109, no. 47, 1963 April 1 Box 34 Congressional Record, House, vol. 113, no. 25, 1967 February 20 Box 34 Congressional Record, Senate, vol. 115, no. 52, 1969 March 26 Box 34 "A Way of Thinking," typescript by Dr. Albert Burke, circa 1970 Box 34 Newsweek, 1971 November 29 "Our President, Herbert Hoover," William J. Marsh (age 11 years), signed by the author, 1930 Follow Me! The Story of the Second Marine Division in World War II, by Richard W. Johnston, Random House, 1948 Khrushchev in America: Full Texts of the Speeches Given by Khrushchev on His Tour of the United States in September 1959, 1960 The Chien Nhan Dan, People's Strategy, 1960 Nation's Business: A Useful Look Ahead Magazine, 1962 October Intercom: Your Guide to the World Affairs Field, 1966 July-August Kaikishu, Japanese maritime self-defense force, Admiral Togo, undated Sons of Indiana: Stories of Indiana's Famous Sons, Indiana Bell, undated How to Save our Republic, by Dr. George W. Crane, undated Japanese Lesson Book, undated Box 1, Memorabilia, 1941, , undated Box 30 Inauguration license plates, Box 31 Remington Arms Company posters, undated Box 1 World War II signal cylinder: Signal, Ground, Amber Star Cluster M22, 1941 Box 1 Filmstrips, undated

11 Filmstrips, undated Tape cabinet, record cabinet, film shelf Project Crossroads, Able and Baker nuclear tests, 35 mm film Audiovisual Materials, , undated Sound recordings, Arranged by format, then chronologically. Tape cabinet Admiral Burke's party, seven inch sound reel, possibly 1961 Tape cabinet W.R. Epsy, "talking letter," 1963 Includes his experiences in World War I, Marine Aviation in the Azores, and Marines. Given to Shoup as the Commandant of the Marine Corps. Three inch sound reel; also includes a slide. Navy-Marine Corps Memorial, "in appreciation of your support in furthering the establishment of a Navy-Marine Corps Memorial Stadium, Annapolis, Maryland," before 1959 Khrushchev in America, Eisenhower-Khrushchev meetings, CBS Radio Network, 1959 The Kings of Pentagonia, Annual Wallow Skit, Military Order of the Carabao, 1960 February 6 Sounds of Marine Corps Boot Camp, San Diego, Parris Island, Gold Star Recordings, 1960 Tatoo Delft, Marine Band of the Royal Netherlands Navy Marinierskapel der Koninklijke Marine, 1960 Parade of the Champions, Band of the Royal Netherlands Navy, circa 1960 Marines on Parade, Marine Band of the Royal Netherlands Navy, circa 1960 Tradition: Favorite Songs of the United States Marines, U.S. Marine Band and Marine Corps Officer's Basic School Chorus, circa 1960 "The President's Own," United States Marine Band, Lieutenant Colonel Albert Schoepper, Director, circa 1960 Alliance for Progress, programs and lectures on Latin America and promoting Western Hemisphere understanding, Westinghouse Company, 1962 Dedication dinner for the Donald W. Douglas Engineering Product Development Center, Douglans Aircraft Company, Inc., 1962 "A Moment with General David Shoup," part 1, concerning Shoup's career; military issues, such as the nuclear test ban treaty; and his personal hobbies, 1963 November 9 Access note Use copy reference number: 76027_a_ United States Marine Band, Lt. Col. A.F. Schoepper, Director, conducting, including the General Shoup March, circa Access note Use copy reference number: 76027_a_ General Shoup March; 2. Marine's Hymn - Wm. Jones, soloist; 3. Semper Fidelis; 4. King Cotton. The Fort Henry Retreat Ceremonial, recorded live at Fort Henry, Kingston, Ontario, Canada exactly as performed there since 1812, 1963 The National Cultural Center presents: The United States Marine Band,

12 Audiovisual Materials, , undated Sound recordings, The United States Marine Corps Band, circa The Commandant's Own, U.S. Marine Drum and Bugle Corps, 1970 America's First Man in Orbit, John H. Glenn in Friendship 7, Nelson Doubleday, Inc., 1972 Semper Fi lacquer disc, undated Access note Use copy reference number: 76027_a_ The three cuts on side A are a male chorus singing "Semper Fi," a male/female duet whose title seems to be "That's A Lot of El Toro," and the Star Spangled Banner. Side B is two cuts of a male chorus, the second also being "Semper Fi." Japanese record, undated Motion picture film reels, , undated Film shelf King and Queen of Afghanistan, 16mm film, 500 feet, undated Film shelf General Shoup interviewed by Von Fremd, CBS Washington, 16mm film, circa Film shelf Salute to the Navy, 16mm film, 1000 feet, undated Film shelf A Force in Readiness, 2 copies, 16mm film, 950 feet, circa Film shelf "Tarawa," The Twentieth Century, CBS Television Film Service Operations, 2 copies, 16mm film, 1892 feet, undated Film shelf The Story of a Marine, 16mm film, 900 feet, circa Film shelf Presented to General David S. Shoup, Commandant of the Marine Corps, , from the Old and New Breed, with Second Division and Marine Corps Symbols, 16mm film, after