Building Response Recorded in the BRI Strong Motion Network

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1 Response Recorded in the BRI Strong Motion Network Toshihide Kashima (BRI)

2 Contents Nationwide networks of strong ground motions in Japan Strong motion data recorded in BRI strong motion network Super high-rise building Damaged building Base-isolated building 2

3 Nation-wide strong motion networks in Japan Nearly 5, stations recording ground motions are operated in Japan Network # of stations K-NET/(NIED (National for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention) 1, KiK-net/NIED 7 Seismic intensity network/jma (Japan Meteorological Agency) 6 Seismic intensity network/local governments 2,6 3

4 PGA map of the 211 Great East Japan Earthquake JMA Local gov. K-NET KiK-net PGA(cm/s 2 ) km

5 Contour maps of PGA and PGV Sendai Osaka Tsukuba Tokyo 5

6 Outline of BRI strong motion 79 stations in operation (as of 211/3/11) Half of stations are located in Kanto (around Tokyo) 6 buildings have two or more sensors in building 6 base-isolated buildings 9 super high-rise buildings (higher than 6 meters) network Kanto Area TKB BRI, ANX, NCTD NIT TKC AGO MTK SIT2, SITA KSG TUS TDS AKB MST NKN FNB YCY KDI ICK CHB KWS YKH FKO HMD OIT NBO MYZ MYJ HRS YNG KCK TKM MIZ km 2 4 ISK OSK, SKS MTS SNG KSO YMN NGY NGN SMZ SMS HRH AKT TRO NIG km HKD MYK IWK HKU 2 4 HCN, HCN2 HRO ORID2 THU SND MIYA2 6 KGC TAMA2 Sendai Area TRMA2 NAKA2 km 1 2

7 ' 14 2' 14 4' 14 2' Triggered stations by the 211 Great East Japan Earthquake JMA seismic intensity scale I JMA 6-: 1 station I JMA 5+: 17 stations I JMA 5-: 17 stations ' 139 4' 139 2' 36 2' 36 2' ' 36 ' UTK, NMW, SMD NIT 35 4' 35 4' KDI NKN YYG CGC, CG2, CG3, NDLG, TUF NDLM, NDLA KWS YKH TUS SITA, SIT2 MST TDS AKB ADC EDG TKD ICK MTK 35 2' 35 2' 14 ' ANX, BRI, NCTD TKC YCY FNB CHB km 7 IJMA ' 139 2' MIZ 7 IJMA 35 OSK, SKS MTS ISK KSO NGY AKT TRO NIG NGN YMN SMZ SMS HRH THU, SND HKD HKU HCN2, HCN IWK MYK TAMA2, MIYA2 HRO KGC 211/3/11 14:46(JST) h=24 km, M9. km

8 Strong motion data of super highrise buildings (height>6m) All of 9 stations were triggered I JMA 5+: 1 station (Sendai) I JMA 4: 6 stations (in and around Tokyo) 14 I JMA 3: 2 stations (Osaka) I JMA HKD 142 HKU KGC HRO AKT TRO NIG HRH THU, SND HCN2, HCN TAMA2, MIYA2 MYK 211/3/11 14:46(JST) h=24 km, M MIZ OSK, SKS MTS 136 ISK 137 KSO NGY 138 NGN YMN SMZ 139 SMS IWK km

9 Records in super high-rise buildings #1 Code Station Δ (km) I JMA Place A max (X) A max (Y) A max (Z) SND Sendai Government Office Bldg. #2 (S/15F) B2F* F SIT2 Saitama Government Office Bldg. #2 (S/27F) B3F* F SMD Sumida Ward Office (S/16F) B1F* F TKD Kosha Tower Tsukuda (RC/37F) F* F CGC Central Gov. Office Bldg. #6 (S/2F) F* F(B)

10 Records in super high-rise buildings #2 Code Station Δ (km) I JMA Place A max (X) A max (Y) A max (Z) CG2 Central Gov. Office Bldg. #2 (S/21F) B4F* F YKH Yokohama Gov. Office Bldg. (S/22F) B2F* F OSK Osaka Government Office Bldg. #3 (S/15F) B3F* F SKS Sakishima Office, Osaka Prefecture (S/52F) F* F

11 SND: Office bldg. in Sendai City downtown 15-story Steel bldg. Disp. (cm) Disp. (cm) Disp. (cm) Disp. (cm) Disp. (cm) Disp. (cm) Displacement s 74-B2F (peak: cm) Disp. on B2F 164-B2F (peak: cm) 74-15F (peak: cm) Disp. on 15F F (peak: cm) 74(15F-B2F) (peak: cm) Bldg. disp. (15F-B2F) 164(15F-B2F) (peak: cm) Time (sec) 11

12 Pseudo vel. response spectra and Fourier amp. ratios at SND 2 1 Pseudo Vel. Resp. Spectrum (h=2%) 1 1 st Natural Period 3s Fourier Spectral Ratio 5 2.s 74-15F/74-B2F 2.s F/164-B2F UP-15F/UP-B2F 1 1 Pseudo Velocity Response (cm/s) (cm) Period (sec) 1 1(cm/s/s) 1 74-B2F 164-B2F UP-B2F Spectral Ratio Period (sec) Pseudo velocity response Spectra (B2F, h=2%) Fourier amplitude ratios (15F/B2F) 12

13 SKS: Office bldg. in Osaka bay area 52-story Steel bldg. Disp. (cm) Disp. (cm) Disp. (cm) Disp. (cm) Disp. (cm) Disp. (cm) Displacement s 229-1F (peak: cm) Disp. on 1F 319-1F (peak: cm) FN (peak: cm) Disp. on 52F FN (peak: cm) F-1F (peak: cm) Rel. disp. (52F-1F) F-1F (peak: cm) Time (sec) 13

14 Pseudo vel. response spectra and Fourier amp. ratios at SKS 1 5 Pseudo Vel. Resp. Spectrum (h=2%) 1 6.7s 7.s 1 5 Fourier Spectral Ratio FS/229-1F FS/319-1F UP-52FS/UP-1F 6.5s 6.9s Pseudo Velocity Response (cm/s) F 319-1F UP-1F Period (sec).1(cm) 1 1(cm/s/s) 1 st Natural Period Pseudo velocity response Spectra (1F, h=2%) 1 Spectral Ratio Period (sec) Fourier amplitude ratios (52F/1F) 14

15 Lissajous curves of disp. on 52F at SKS Disp. Orbit (cm) 15-2 sec 2-4 sec 4-6 sec 6-8 sec 8-1 sec 1-12 sec sec sec FN FN N 52F sec 18-2 sec 2-22 sec sec sec sec 28-3 sec 3-32 sec sec sec sec 38-4 sec 4-42 sec sec sec sec FN sec 5-52 sec sec sec sec 58-6 sec 6-62 sec sec FN sec sec 68-7 sec 7-72 sec sec sec sec 78-8 sec FN FN FN FN FN FN FN FN FN 15

16 Strong motion data in damaged buildings At least 4 buildings suffered damage (severe to slight) I JMA 6-: 1 building (Sendai) I JMA 5+: 3 buildings (Iwaki and Tsukuba) I JMA HKD HKU HRO KGC AKT TRO NIG HRH THU, SND HCN2, HCN TAMA2, MIYA2 MYK 211/3/11 14:46(JST) h=24 km, M MIZ OSK, SKS MTS 136 ISK 137 KSO NGY 138 NGN YMN SMZ 139 SMS IWK km

17 Records in damaged buildings Code THU Station Tohoku University (SRC/9F) Δ (km) I JMA IWK Iwaki City Hall (SRC/8F) ANX BRI Annex (SRC/7F) BRI Main (SRC/8F) Place A max (X) A max (Y) A max (Z) 1F* F B1F* F GL* B1F F B1F F

18 ANX: BRI buildings 8- and 7-story SRC buildings (with B1F) 22 sensors in two buildings and ground Annex bldg. Main bldg. 18

19 layout at ANX N27E Annex Main N18E A1 Google Map 19

20 Sensor configuration in BRI buildings at ANX D C B Annex BFE, 8FE MBC, M8C Main G F E D 9. A C B1F Plan A1 27 N Annex Main FN, 8FS 5FW 2FW BFN, BFS 8FE 5FE 2FE 1FE BFE Exp.J M8C M5C MBC M8E Section 2

21 Accelerations and psv on GL (A1) (cm/s/s) (cm/s/s) (cm/s/s) 6 at ANX Acceleration Time (sec) 2 Pseudo Vel. Resp. Spectrum (h=5%) A1 (peak: cm/s/s) A1 (peak: cm/s/s) -6 6 UP-A1 (peak: cm/s/s) 1 Pseudo Velocity Response (cm/s) A1 27-A1 UP-A Period (sec).1(cm) 1 1(cm/s/s) 1 psv on GL (h=5%) 21

22 Natural periods of annex bldg. during quake Acc. in N18E Acc (gal 7 (a) Acc. in N18E 8F(N18E) B1F(N18E) Acc. in N27E 7 7 Acc (gal (b) Acc. in N27E 8F(N27E) B1F(N27E) Disp. in N18E Disp. in N27E Natural period 7 15 Disp (cm) Disp (cm) T (s) (c) Rel.Disp. in N18E (d) Rel.Disp. in N27E (e) Natural period 1.5 times N18E N27E Time(s) 22

23 Natural periods of main bldg. during quake Acc. in N18E Acc (gal) 7 (a) Acc. in N18E 8F(N18E) B1F(N18E) Acc. in N27E 7 7 Acc (gal) (b) Acc. in N27E 8F(N27E) B1F(N27E) Disp. in N18E Disp. in N27E Natural period 7 15 Disp (cm) Disp (cm) T (s) (c) Rel.Disp. in N18E (d) Rel.Disp. in N27E (e) Natural period N18E N27E Time(s) 23

24 Damage to expansion joint 24

25 Calculation of expansion joint displacement D C B A 8FN (x, y ) 8FS θ L 1 L 2 (x 1, y 1 ) 8FE (x 2, y 2 ) Exp.J x y 2 x L2 2 y L2 cos sin x y ( x x cos sin 1 ) L ( y 1 1 y ) L L 2 2 x 1 x L1 y L 1 ( x ) ( y ) y L1 25

26 Displacement of expansion joint during the 311 earthquake 15 Rel.Disp.(18,8F-BF) (cm) (cm) Rel.Disp.(27,8F-BF) Annex Main Time (s) displacement (8F-BF) 15 Rel.Disp. (18, 8FE-M8C) (cm) Rel.Disp. (27, 8FE-M8C) 12 cm (cm) Time (s) Displacement of expansion joint (8F) 26

27 Strong motion data in base isolation buildings All of 6 stations were triggered I JMA 5+: 2 stations (Hachinohe and Tsukuba) I JMA 5-: 2 stations (Tokyo) I JMA HKD HKU HRO KGC AKT TRO NIG HRH THU, SND HCN2, HCN TAMA2, MIYA2 MYK 211/3/11 14:46(JST) h=24 km, M MIZ OSK, SKS MTS 136 ISK 137 KSO NGY 138 NGN YMN SMZ 139 SMS IWK km

28 Records in base isolation buildings #1 Code HCN2 Station Annex, Hachinohe City Hall Δ (km) I JMA TKC Tsukuba City Hall NMW National Museum of Western Art Place A max (X) A max (Y) A max (Z) GL* B1F F F B1F* F F GL* B1F F F

29 Records in base isolation buildings #2 Code Station Δ (km) I JMA Place A max (X) A max (Y) A max (Z) CG3 Central Government Office Bldg. # B3F* B2F F GL* YMN Yamanashi Prefectural Office B1F F F GL* KGC Kushiro Governmental Office Bldg B1F F F

30 Strong motion data in base isolation building (TKC) Seven-story base isolation building (NRB x 11, LRB x 45, SDRB x 9) (cm/s/s) (cm/s/s) Acceleration Acc. on 6F 137% 119% 4-6F (peak: cm/s/s) 94-6F (peak: 9.9 cm/s/s) Time (sec) Base-isolation (cm/s/s) (cm/s/s) (cm/s/s) (cm/s/s) Acceleration F (peak: cm/s/s) 94-1F (peak: cm/s/s) Time (sec) Acceleration 4 4-B1F (peak: cm/s/s) Acc. On 1F Acc. on Base 28% 33% 94-B1F (peak: cm/s/s) Time (sec) 3

31 Displacement of isolation device at TKC (cm) 1 Displacement 4(1F-B1F) (peak: 4.72 cm) (cm) (1F-B1F) (peak: 5.91 cm) Time (sec) 4(1F-B1F) 4(1F-B1F) -1 1 Disp. Orbit (cm) 1 N -1-2 sec 2-4 sec 4-6 sec 6-8 sec 8-1 sec 1-12 sec sec 6.8cm (1F-B1F) sec (1F-B1F) sec (1F-B1F) 18-2 sec (1F-B1F) 2-22 sec (1F-B1F) sec (1F-B1F) 31

32 Conclusions Half of Japan was shaken. Specially, buildings in Tohoku and Kanto area suffered severe shaking. Super high-rise buildings in and around Tokyo and even in Osaka responded to long-period long-duration motions. Some buildings suffered structural damage which could be verified from strong motion data. Base isolation systems generally performed well. 32

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