CIVILIAN AND MILITARY SAR COORDINATION AND COOPERATION IN INDONESIA

Transcription

1 INDONESIA

2 CIVILIAN AND MILITARY SAR COORDINATION AND COOPERATION IN INDONESIA I! PAPER PRESENTED BY NATIONAL SAR AGENCY AT ARF SAR INTER SESSIONAL MEETING

3 CIVILIAN AND MILITARY SAR COORDINATION AND COOPERATION CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1. General Indonesia is an archipelago country that consist of thousands of island, small and big spreaded on the equator from west to east, from Sabang to Merauke. The large of Indonesia territory is marked by the large of territorial waters, long beaches with various of surface that have steep, slop slightly, swamp and mud. In the lands there are various geographic condition 1ikejungles volcanoes, chasm of steep or valley and deep rivers that make more complicated to conduct SAR operation on maritime and aviation accident, and natural disaster or others. f Indonesia is also located on the pronk area, such as earthquake, volcanoes eruption, flood, tsunami, landslide, etc. divided into 4 RCCs and 15 RSCs that are under controlly by National SAR Agency (Shorted NSA) HQ. Relating to the large of the Indonesia geograpics and various condition above which can make accident any time and any where spreaded on the region, so up to now NSA wouldn't have ability enough to conduct SAR operation. So, we neccesary to coordinate the relationship with military another civilian SAR potentials both together execute effective SAR operation, would be covered the whole teritorrial waters and land in Indonesia SRR. The military and another civilian SAR potential step by step decrease, equal to the increating NSA potential ability until the end of the long term NSA Depelopment Program about Mean and Purpose This paper mean to describe the experience of Indonesia in the utilization of Military and Civilian potencials in the frame of support of SAR operation, this paper will be exposed and discussed in the ARF Meeting on 1996 from ISM on SAR Coordination and Cooperation.

4 3. Scope The acope of this paper just describes the quality of military and civilian SAR potentials, and doesn't expose the quantity but only covers the efforts and operationally. 4. Systematic Systematic of this paper is as follows : a. Chapter I Introduction b. Chapter II National Policy c. Chapter III National SAR Potential d. Chapter IV Coordination and Cooperation e. Chapter V Conclusion CHAPTER II NATIONAL POLICY 5. In accordance with IMO and ICAO Convention and Considering to the width of Indonesia SAR Region also in other side the limitation of SAR potential that special available, so the Government eastablish Indonesia SAR Board (well know as - BASARI), by declared the Presidential Decree Number 11 Year The Agency consit of six Ministers are as follows : a. Chairman b. Vice Chairman c. Member d. Member e. Member f. Member Minister of Communication Minister of Defence Minister of Foreign Affair Minister of Home Affair Minister of Sosial Affair Minister of Finance This Agency is shown that responsibility of SAR operation to be handled as inter departemental cooperation, that is posible using all available resources own by each Department concerned. Basari we calle.d later by Indonesia SAR Board (ISB), this organization is a coordinator agency, which SAR operation in the field conduct by National SAR Centre and then improve to National SAR Agency well known as BASARNAS ( NSA ). National SAR Agency is operational authority to coordinate military as well as civilian facilities owned by Department and authorities concerned.

5 6. NSA as coordinator function in SAR with the main job to conduct and coordinate all SAR activities in Indonesia, accordance with national and international regulation to safe person in context with aircraft and ship accidents, also to be attached to the national Coordinating Agency for Natural Disaster. The Organization structure of National SAR Agency is as follows: a. b. Chief of Basarnas; Secretary of Agency; c. Chief of Operation Centre; d. Chief of Facility Centre. The whole region of Indonesia is divided into 4 Rescue Coordination Centre (RCCs) in accordance with FIR area, and coordinate 15 Recue Sub Sentre (RSCs). The Organization structure of RCC is as follows : a. Chief of RCC; b. General Section; c. Planning Section d. Operation Section RCCs have been established in : a. RCC - I in Jakarta; b. RCC - II in Surabaya; c. RCC - III in Ujungpandang d. RCC - IV in Biak. Mean while, 4 RCCs have 15 RSCs, as a direct fuction in responsible to each RCC. a. Under RCC - I : field 1) Medan RSC; 2) Padang RSC; 3) Pekanbaru RSC; 4) Tanjungpinang RSC; 5) Palembang RSC; 6) Pontianak RSC. b. Under RCC- II : 1) Denpasar RSC; 2) Banjarmasin RSC; 3) Balikpapan RSC. 4) Kupang RSC.

6 c. Under RCC- III 1) Ambon RSC; 2) Manado RSC; d. Under RCC - IV 1) Jayapura RSC; 2) Sorong RSC; 3) Merauke RSC. To increase the efectivity and eficiency in SAR operation, the most of Chief of RCCs/RSCs accupied by the local Arm Forces, so be able to conduct coordination and cooperation in the region and also to make easier in mechanism of the use of SAR potential. In efforts to build and to increase the readiness of region SAR potential, so it has been established Region SAR Coordination Forum (FKSD) in each province that lead by Covernor/Chief of First Region and the officials of concerned authority. This Forum will build region SAR unit, to support SAR operation no readiness. The technics building of SAR potential under NSA included RCCs/RSCs. As a guidance of the conduct and building SAR potential, it has been composed coordinatively by the Forum. But the main policy nationally composed by Indonesia SAR Coordination Committee. CHAPTER III NATIONAL SAR POTENTIAL Caused the large of Indonesia SAR area, by the Presidential Decree Number 11 Year 1972 about Indonesian SAR Agency, the conducting of SAR operation for ship and aircraft accidents become responsibility by concerned Department, included Department of Defence and Security. Beside that, the characterize of the society as the guidance of their way of life namely "gotong-royong" (works together without payment) it will support someone to give helping victims of ship and aircraft accidents. The sources of national SAR potential supported by : a. SAR potential Nasional SAR Agency; SAR potential of Society; c. SAR potential of Military.

7 It can be formulated into : a. Civilian SAR potentials NSA b. SAR potential of military. So nasional SAR potential this time is supported by SAR potential of Civil and military, both of them are coordinated and cooperated in the conduct of maritime and aviation accidents., 9. National SAR Agency Potential Historically, NSA growth step by step, its depend on Government funds. The capability of SAR potential this time as below: a..early warning facilities of NSA 1) Two units of LUT; 2) Telex (LES), telephone (included ten lines emergency call from LES/Inmarsat B/M); 3) HF/VHF Radio; f b. Initial action facilities of NSA 1) Five Rotary Wing; 2) Two units fiber glass speed boats. c. Five Rescue Teams consists of four teams in each RCC office and one team in Head Quarters. Although Controller Team (SMC) streched in all RCC and RSC. All of them have been trainned both in NSA and Foreign Country. SMC trainning has been conducted 10 times, aqual with 284 person..0. Civil SAR Potential \ i Civil or non military SAR potential covered SAR potential owned by Government which conducting for SAR operation task, and other society SAR potential. SAR potential owned by Government, especially Department of Communication included ship/aircraft for Government task for example navigation ship, coast guard ship, government's/aircraft owned by government company. Mean while, the other society SAR potential consists of fixed wing and rotary wing owned by aviation company,merchant ship owned by shipping company, and the other ship such as fishing ship until fisherman ship. Generally SAR potential divided into sea SAR facility and human resources.

8 a. Sea SAR Facilities Its owned by government or society included shipping company, fishing company, fisherman ship until ship owned by person. Kinds and size of them are not same, its depend on their function. 1) Government ship that use for maritime services, coast guard ship, patrol boat, usually has weight 500 until 1000 ton completed with navigation facility and speed between 10 until 15 knots these ships starched in the whole provinces although the number of them still limited. 2) Shipping Company's ship included government shipping company and also private company for passanger or cargo transportation included tankers. Kinds and size of these ship are variated, there are special ship for across or ferry with tonage 100 until 500 ton. These ships streched across traffic network and streched in the whole province to small harbour as the radial artery of society economic. Those ships in the shade of flag of the company : a) Jakarta Lloyd; b) Gesury Lloyd; c) Admiral Line; d) Trikora Lloyd; e) Andika Line; f) River and Ferry transportation; g) Fishing ship; h) Tankers; i) Shipping People ; j) The other small company and private. Those ship in various condition, there are sailing ship, in repair, and in ready for use. The ship still sailing is the fast potential for support SAR operation especially in early warning for the accidents in the shipping route. b. Air SAR Fasilities Air SAR fasilities consists of many kinds of aircraft, begin from Boeing-737 until small chopper which streched and operated in the whole territory. Those aircraft owned by national or international aviation company, that pass aviation route in the international aviation Network :

9 1 7 1) Regular line aviation company, is aviation company that acomodated aviation route both national or international included pioneer aviation, streched in the whole province. Aircraft that owned is many kind of capability and size begin from Boeing-737, DC- 10, DC-9, Fokker until Caesa/Nomad. Aviation company for example is : a) Garuda Indonesia; b) Sempati; c) Merpati; d) Trigana; e) etc. 2) Charter Aviation Company Is aviation company with small aircraft type Cassa, Nomad, and also various size of chopper. The home base of those aircraft is in big town in the whole territory from west to east. Those aircraft, that in ready condition is the resource of SAR potential that be able to support SAR operation. The aviation company is as folows : a) Trigana; b) D A S; c) SMAC; d) etc. 3) Aircraft Under Multi National Company Is small and active aircraft used by those company in offshore drilling, mines and other needed. The Number of this aircraft is not too much, but as resources of society potential in support SAR operation, and also. the procedure is not difficult. Those aircraft under company ; a) Free Port Indonesia Timika; b) c) Oil Company; Mine Company. 4) Quantitatively, the number of those aircraft are lots enough, but doesn't all of them ready to do SAR operation. For the aircraft that still operation in their route, really ready to support SAR operation in the initial action stage, especially that in the aviation route, while the charter aircraft and the aircraft that own by multinational company, those aircraft usually use in SAR operation.

10 8 c. Civil SAR Human Resources In conducting SAR operation, human resources are very important. Human Resources included the SMC (Sar Mission Coordinator) and staf, SAR units with Rescuer by various clasification. Those human resources are not use in SAR operation all the time, its depend on its condition. Human resources are streched in the whole province, that consists of : 1) Operation controller is SMC and its staff, OSC, streched in all province and the second stage. Those personal have trainned by N S A team continously ever year. All of them are 10 graduated, equal with 40 person. 2) Recuer is main power in the field. There are two groups of Rescuer, namely sea rescuer and land rescuer. The use of them depend on the condition and type of accident Those rescuer have specification that shown on their hobby : j a) "Pencipta Alam" Organization An organization as a place teenager " pencipta alam" who have capability in climbing, mountaineering, etc. This organization streched in all province. The main power has been graduated as Rescuer. b) Swimming/Diving A group of person with hobby in swimming/diving that active on the sea activities, streched in the most big town the main power has been graduated as rescuer. c) Volunteer A person that has special hobby with special qualification too and be able to join on SAR operation (Bush man, magician, etc). d) Indonesian Red Cross Is an organization in medical aspect especially in to be assisting emergency care. Indonesia Red Cross has function also to give medic emergency rescue to the victims.

11 e) Amateur's Radio Amateur Radio is an organization for hobby in communication activity which have conecting its mission and characteristic with SAR activities. Communication activities are very important to support SAR operation in the regions and villages. The organization like ORARI and RAPI had been expanded well. f) S c o u t Scout has expand nationally and internationally. Its organization very big and large and reach all the province. They have basic knowledge in rescue. 3) The capability of society potential sometimes are very important, especially if the location in the jungle for away from the city and there are not enough SAR potential to do the operation. / 11. Military SAR Potential Military SAR potential consists of Navy SAR potential, Air Force SAR potential, Army SAR potential and Indonesian Police. a. Navy SAR Potential Navy has many kinds of ship and aircraft both fixed wing and rotary wing. Those ship and aircraft are home based in Surabaya, but some which taking the operation in the region, are based in every Naval Base. There are many kinds of Navy ship like fregat, patrol ship amphibious, etc. In the peace condition, those Navy ship be able to support SAR operation. They are very important in assisting SAR operation, because she is very fast and has good manuvre capability. Its has command and control communication network system so very suitable for initial action activities. Most of officer has capability as SMC, because they have joined the trainning in NSA. b. Air Force SAR Facility i The aircraft be 1 able to use in SAR operation usually patrol aircraft both fixed or.rotary wing. Fixed wing use for searching activities and rotary wing for rescuing. Capability in readiness is very helpfull to conduct operation.

12 10 In peace condition, those aircraft be able to help SAR operation. Their manuvre capability in command and control to make SAR operation efectively. Their rescue Team are good enough to joined in SAR operation anytime. c. Army SAR Potential The troops of Army are Rescue Team, especially for land rescue. The capability in Jungle survival are very good. These troops be able to help SAR operation in their region, most of the officer has been trainned to be SMC. d. Police SAR Potential The Police spreaded in every province as SAR potential in every SAR operation. Some of them are qualified in diving, climbing and jungle survival. a few of police officer has been trainned to be as SMC. CHAPTER IV COORDINATION AND COOPERATION 12. Coordination Coordination mean as an effort to build readiness of military SAR potential and the other civilian SAR potential in order be able to join in SAR operation. Beside that, coordination is a relationship activities in conducting SAJ? operation between SAR unit and SMC. Coordination as the activity in the operation will discuse in the cooperation, while coordination as the readiness of unit to divide into : a. Organic function/unit readiness; b. Coordination function; c. Technical function. Organic Function The units that must be ready in the SAR operation usually has been ready by the own of the unit, so the organic function is belong to the "The Owner"/. This regulation base on Communication Minister Decree, the readiness of the unit is the responsible of the owner, while the responsibility of NSA is in supporting for operation cost only.

13 11 Coordinative Function Coordinative function is an effort in coordinated the readiness of facility for used in SAR operation. Caused the main SAR operation conducting in the province, so society potential must be there and coordinate by each Governor/the Chief of First Region. In each province must be formed FKSD (Region SAR Coordination Forum), organized with task to make readiness SAR units that has been build by each owner to support SAR operation. The function of SAR units included sea facilities, air facilities and also the human resources. Technical Function In order to have the capability as wanted, so SAR potential in the society technically build the capability by National SAR organization. The building must be covered the quality condition. The capability of SAR facility is in doing early warning, capability in searching/rescuing and also capability in evacuating. SAR human resources is capability to control/ capability in conduct rescuing both in the land/sea or capability of the other technical funtion accordance with the condition. 13. Cooperation i Cooperation is shown in the SAR operation in the field between NSA with concerned military/civil administration authority. a. Policy Principle Indonesia as the member of ICAO and IMO has responsible to secure the safety of aviation and maritime in its responsible area. In the other hand, Indonesia has responsible to prevent of natural disaster. Caused the SAR potential own by NSA until now still not enough yet, so accordance to Presidential Decree Number 11 year 1972, the responsible for accident relief. Above become responsible together with other Department Concerned. The other side, caused the way of life of Indonesian with the "Gotong Royong" principle as politically accomodated in the Pancasila (Five Principle), so caused not enough facility yet, Indonesia use civil and military SAR potential to support SAR operation. Its accordance with Communication Minister Decree Number KM. 104/SR.201/Phb-83 year 1983.

14 12 According to this Minister Decree, so each organization issued technic guidance as the discribtion and become guidance to readiness of SAR unit. b. SAR Operation Conduct The SAR operation conduct in Indonesia based on SAR Manual from US Coast Guard. This procedure has been regulate in the SAR System,Its depend on the emergency condition grade. The system of disaster relief is diferent, its depend on the request from province. Completelly SAR operation activities as follows : 1) Awareness activity; 2) Initial action activity; 3) Searching activity; 4) Rescuing activity; 5) Evacuating activity. c. The Role of Civilian and Military SAR Potential Functionanlly, the whole activities of SAR operation be able to join by all the SAR potential accordance with their capability. But In the field, not like this, its depend on area condition, the readiness of main supporting units (national SAR facilities, both civilian and military), and also depend on the readinessof local society potential unit. The role of society unit in the SAR operation as below : 1) Awareness Stage Activities Activities on awareness stage is an effort to get the information about the accident. All civilian/military SAR facilities (land, sea, and air) that ready condition, sailing or flying be able to use in giving the information about accident that happened in the operation route/region that passed both visually or electronically. 2) Initial Action Stage Activities Initial action stage is an activity to assure that accident have been happened in the area, by cheeking with commununacation (precom and excom) and then giving emergency assistance Civilian SAR potential. 3) Searching Searching is an effort to find accident activity is done after calculated the search area and appointed

15 13 subject to do searching. The potential used is depend on situation and the local SAR facilities, here be able to use unit in operation, generally the ready rest unit are use for searching. SAR unit operated for the land accident, searching for the land accident use air and land SAR unit only. But military unit is used via cooperation and coordination procedure between Chief of NSA with CIC of the fleet, CIC of Air Operation Command, CIC of Military Area Region and Chief of Local Police. Capability of SAR unit is depend on condition that time. Civilian unit use by coordination between NSA and concern Chief of Department. 4) Rescuing : Rescuing stage usually be taken by chopper and various kind and size of ship. Human resources use depend on needed. I Land SAR unit usually use units : a), Land Rescue Team; b) Chopper: c) Climbing Team: d) Amateur Radio Organization: e) Indonesian Red Cross. SAR operation in the sea usually use units : a) Diving: b) Many kind and size of ship: c) Amateur Radio Organization: d) Indonesian Red Cross. The use of SAR unit and human resources is depend on area condition and the readiness of SAR potential in the society. 5) Victims Evacuation Especially land disaster, in the jungle, usually use Military and society potential as below : a) Rescue Chopper: b) Land Rescue Team: c) Indonesian Amateur Radio Organization: d) Indonesian Red cross.

16 14 Usually in maritime accident using SAR unit for : a) Rescue Chopper; b) Various size of ship; c) Rubber boat; d) Indonesia Amateur Radio Organization; e) Indonesian Red Cross. d. The role of SAR Potential in the Dissaster Relief Really, the responsibility of disaster Relief ie belong to Region Task Group, SAR operation is just helping in the first stage. For the SAR activities be able to use : 1) Rescue Chopper; 2) Land Rescue Team; 3) Indonesian Amateur Radio Organization. e. Command and Control 1) The principle of SAR operation is by doing the operation in every RCCs/RSCs Region on its responsibility. The leader of field operation is appointed by National SAR Agency as suggested by RSCs. SMC as the leader of SAR operation plan the SAR operation both maritime and aviation accidents and than coordinate and control the SAR units. The mobilization both Civil and military SAR units as the result of coordination between National SAR Agency and commander those units, or the owners. Those units is ear-marked. 2) Appointment as SMC usually is done from local Military Officer (Naval Base, Air Bust. Military District Command and Resort Police) which have the capability in SAR operation. If there isn't officer in the region so another altenatif will be appointed an official from local Department. The appoitnment of local Military Officer is done in order : a) b) To easier coordination in SAR activities; To easier the readiness for SAR units; c) To easier command and control of SAR units, usually most of them are military. 3) SMC activities was supervised by National SAR Agency. For the large area, SMC be able to apoint OSC from the senior SAR unit commander. Beside planned and control,

17 15 SMC shall arrange the logistic support as the Direct Operation Cost suggested to Basarnas. SMC responsible to arrange operation activities report to Chief of National SAR Agency via Chief of RCC/RSC. f. Communication 14. Conclusion Communication is very important in every SAR operation activities, SMC set up communication network. In arranging the communication network must be concerned about : 1) Mobilized ready communication facility; 2) Joined frequencies in accordance with Manual SAR regulation or joined frequencies in military or civil facilities; 3) The communication network included : a) Communication for coordination; b) Communication for controlling : f (1) Communicate to OSC; (2) Communicate to SAR units. c) Communication between SAR units. 4) Communication in the land, supported by Indonesia Amateur Radio Organization facilities. i CHAPTER V CONCLUSION a. Caused the large of Indonesia SAR responsibility area, so in operating SAR facilities (ship and aircraft) and human resources (SMC/Controller and Rescuer) beside national SAR own by goverment also use the SAR potential both military and civil SAR potential. b. The use of those SAR potential is shown as coordination, its an efforts to build SAR potential for SAR operation, that included SAR operation and command and also the communication. c. The use of SAR potential above is accordance with the field condition and the readiness of facility/ local military and civil SAR potential to support the stage :

18 16 1) Awareness; 2) Early warning; 3) Searching; 4) Rescuing; 5) Evacuation. d. Operating command and control in the field lead by SMC that coordinated the SAR unit in the field via OSC. Usually, SMC accupied by Military Officer from local unit. e. Communication network that support SAR operation joined with the frequency of Civil and Military facilities. f. The procedure about overcome the disaster is rather different, because the responsible that used be able to consists of : 1) Land Rescue Team; 2) Rescue Chopper; 3) Indonesian Amateur Radio Organization (Orari); 4) Indonesian Red Cross. / 15. This paper is arrange in also be able to usefull especially for the meeting member as the referencies in the effort to overcome the accidents and disaster. Jacarta, February 1996 H A R I N T 0 First Admiral Chief of National SAR Agency Indonesia