Application of the Missions and Means Framework to Combat System Requirements, Development, and Refinement

Transcription

1 28 th Annual NDIA Test & Evaluation Conference Hilton Head, SC March, Years of Excellence in Analysis Application of the Missions and Means Framework to Combat System Requirements, Development, and Refinement 23 February 2012 Paul H. Deitz, Ph.D. US Army Materiel Systems Analysis Activity James N. Walbert, Ph.D. SURVICE Engineering Company (703)

2 Conference Focus The 28 th Annual National T&E Conference is focusing on proper role of T&E in our Defense System Requirements Process. This paper will address What constitutes a set of valid (supportable), measureable (testable), realistic and achievable requirements? How can the T&E Community best engage the Defense Community at large? 2

3 Implications? The reference/superior knowledge sets: Which sets are necessary and sufficient? How are these sets formally structured? The subordinate knowledge sets: Identify the requisite supporting disciplines (e.g., DT, OT, M&S, Human Dimension, Logistics, Reliability, Effectiveness... How are these sets formally structured particularly so that their elements can be related one to another (i.e., horizontal linkage)? How are the superior and subordinate knowledge sets formally (i.e., vertically) linked? To meet these implied requirements, the many elements which comprise this problem set must be cast into a single framework! 3

4 3-D Space/3-D Object Z Desired Shape X Y 4

5 Three Mappings from 3-D to 2-D Spaces Z The projections are unique Desired Shape X Y 5

6 Military Operations in 3-D Space [1/2]Conceptual Space [1/2] Z DESIRED SYSTEM X Y 6

7 Military Operations in 3-D Space w Projections Z The projections are unique DESIRED SYSTEM X Y 7

8 Military Operations 3-D Space w Projections Z The projections are unique DESIRED SYSTEM X Y An alternate GOP view! 8

9 The Military Decision-Making Process [MDMP] We suggest that the MDMP should serve as the single integrating framework for all military analyses. Also that the reference (top-most) knowledge set(s) is constituted by the highest specific mission(s) developed under this construct. All subordinate knowledge sets be derived recursively from higher levels via expressed and implied tasks. 9

10 A Requirements Development Model National Goals and Restrictions Strategic Goals and Restrictions System Development Operational Capabilities Doctrine, Tactics Operational Trade Studies Requirements Technical Capabilities Systems Engineering Technical Trade Studies Requirements Refinement Technologies 10

11 Formalizing the MDMP Over the past 14 years, considerable efforts have been expended to: establish top-down linkages (per level of war), establish horizontal linkages (e.g., System-of-Systems), represent an OPFOR in addition to an OWNFOR so that multiple sides can be played against each other reduce/eliminate ambiguity in representation by developing a formal structure for MDMP (including executable tasks and executing people/material) in order to establish an executable framework (so that this can be automated) We call this the Missions and Means Framework (MMF) 11

12 MMF Principal Elements/Linkage Tasks which execute initiate O 3,4 4. Tasks, Operations O 4,1 capabilities 3. Functions, Services 1. Interactions, Effects interactions O 2,3 2. Personnel, Units Components, Systems O 1,2 which change which change components 12

13 Task Commutation Process O 3,4 4. Tasks, Operations O 4,1 3. Functions, Services 1. Interactions, Effects O 2,3 2. Personnel, Units Components, Systems O 1,2 13

14 Supporting Contexts [1/4] O 3,4 4. Tasks, Operations O 4,1 3. Functions, Services 1. Interactions, Effects O 2,3 2. Personnel, Units Components, Systems O 1,2 14

15 Supporting Contexts [2/4] 7. OWNFOR & OPFOR Purpose, Mission O 3,4 4. Tasks, Operations O 4,1 3. Functions, Services 1. Interactions, Effects O 2,3 2. Personnel, Units Components, Systems O 1,2 15

16 Supporting Contexts [3/4] 5. Index: Location & Time 7. OWNFOR & OPFOR Purpose, Mission O 3,4 4. Tasks, Operations O 4,1 3. Functions, Services 1. Interactions, Effects O 2,3 2. Personnel, Units Components, Systems O 1,2 16

17 Supporting Contexts [4/4] 6. Context/Environment: Military, Civil, Physical, Index: Location & Time 7. OWNFOR & OPFOR Purpose, Mission O 3,4 4. Tasks, Operations O 4,1 3. Functions, Services 1. Interactions, Effects O 2,3 2. Personnel, Units Components, Systems O 1,2 17

18 Lumped Task Commutation [1/2] O 3,4 4. Tasks, Operations O 4,1 3. Functions, Services 1. Interactions, Effects O 2,3 2. Personnel, Units Components, Systems O 1,2 18

19 Lumped Task Commutation [2/2] Single Final Test Result O 3,4 4. Tasks, Operations O 4,1 Test Initial Conditions 3. Functions, Services 1. Interactions, Effects O 2,3 2. Personnel, Units Components, Systems O 1,2 No Intermediate Results 19

20 A Lego Collection of Mission/Performance Elements Ability to Mix & Match Levels & Operators Capabilities described in taskcompatible metrics 600 Joint Tasks xx Army Universal Tasks xxxx O 3,4 4. Tasks, Operations 4. Tasks, Operations 4. Tasks, Operations 4. Tasks, Operations O 4,1 3. Functions, Services 3. Functions, Services 3. Functions, Services 3. Functions, Services O 2,3 Degraded States Mapping Methodology well established 1. Interactions, 1. Effects Interactions, 1. Effects Interactions, 1. Effects Interactions, Effects O 1,2 2. Personnel, Units Components, 2. Personnel, Systems Units Components, 2. Personnel, Systems Units Components, 2. Personnel, Systems Units Components, Systems Unlimited geometric/ material configurations Ballistic Jamming Damage Repair Chemical Resupply Laser Damage Sleep Directed Energy Nuclear Physics of Failure Logistics Burdens Reliability Fair Wear & Tear Fatigue Heat Stress

21 TOELs a Sequence of Task Commutations TIME Requirements Task #1 Op Test Integrated OR/SA Task #2 Task #3 Task #n TIME Dev Test Human Dimension Each event involves a task execution, i.e., one commutation With each execution, an interaction occurs, a material change state results, a new capability results, and the next task is/is not executed. The levels and operators can be combined endlessly to emulate interactions, frequency of interactions, geometry configuration, capability changes, and event-wise mission utility. Various disciplines can focus on the operator/level subsets of interest to them. Shared/exclusive issues are informed. 21

22 The Blind Men and the Elephant Z Spear Snake X Y Single Reference Object: Multiple Perceived Projections 22

23 The MDMP Structure Frames the Primary, Derivative Spaces Z X Higher Spaces Abstraction Y Single Reference Space: Multiple Sub-Spaces, Projections 23

24 The MDMP Structure Z Threading from lower to higher spaces and back informs data commonality, exclusivity, completeness, etc. Trace Down Trace Up X Higher Spaces Abstraction Y Trace Down 24

25 Backup 25

26 MDMP Vertical Linkage NATIONAL Conduct Strategic Deployment and Redeployment SN 1 Foster Multinational And Interagency relations SN 8 Support Peace Operations SN Conduct Foreign Humanitarian Assistance and Humanitarian and Civic Assistance SN Cooperate with and Support NGO s and PVO s SN STRATEGIC Foster Alliance and Regional Relations and Security Arrangements ST 8.1 Coordinate Humanitarian and Civic Assistance Programs ST Cooperate With and Support Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs) in Theater ST Cooperate With and Support Private Voluntary Organizations (PVOs) in Theater ST OPERATIONAL Concentrate Forces in Theater of Operations TACTICAL Top-Down Linkages OP Concentrate Tactical Forces BTT MOUT Mission Decomposition Enemy team fires on disabled vehicle from church tower U-ART Gunner of disabled vehicle returns fire on church tower w/ 25mm auto-gun U-ART Platoon leader orders gunner to cease fire on church U-ART Platoon leader calls company commander reports incident and informs commander of significant damage to church, and several civilian casualties U-ART Platoon leader Platoon leader receives order orders from company evacuation commander to of casualties break contact with enemy U-ART U-ART

27 Structuring a Military Mission using the MDMP ANTI-TANK ANTI-PERS MINE FIELD KILL ZONE RPG7 X MG MANEUVER ROUTES X X MG TASKS Strategic Level - Strategic National Tasks - Strategic Theater Tasks Operational Level Tasks Service Tactical Task Lists CONDUCT URBAN OPERATIONS BTT Mission Build by Dynamics Research Corporation, Nov 2000 CONDITIONS Physical Environment Military Environment Civil Environment MEASURES OF PERFORMANCE Measure Scale Criterion - Standard 27

28 PRIMARY TASK THREAD SECONDARY TASK THREAD TERTIARY TASK THREAD ENEMY TASK THREAD CONDUCT INTERTHEATER DEPLOYMENT OF FORCES ST PROVIDE PUBLIC AFFAIRS IN THEATER OF OPERATIONS/JOA OP 5.8 DETERMINE ENEMY S OPERATIONAL CAPABILITIES COURSE OF ACTION AND INTENTIONS OP CONDUCT OPERATIONAL MISSION ANALYSIS OP PROVIDE OPERATIONAL SUPPORT OP 4 FP (DEPLOYMENT) Horizontal Linkages DEFENSIVE COUNTERAIR (DCA) REAR AREA SECURITY LD (AREA) LAND OFFENSIVE OPERATIONS SELECT OR MODIFY COURSE OF ACTION OP JOINT INTERDICTION PE (AMPHIBIOUS) INTEGRATE CSS REQUIREMENTS AND CAPABILITIES BTT CONCENTRATE TACTICAL FORCES BTT DEVELOP OPERATIONAL TARGETS OP ISSUE PLANS AND ORDERS OP LAND OFFENSE LO DEVELOP TARGETING INFORMATION BTT PERFORM TACTICAL RECONNAISSANCE & SURVEILLANCE BTT LAND OFFENSIVE OPERATIONS INTERDICT OPERATIONAL FORCES/TARGETS OP REDEPLOYMENT PROVIDE RULES OF ENGAGEMENT OP PLAN AND INTEGRATE OPERATIONAL C2W OP PROVIDE POSITIVE IDENTIFICATION OF FRIENDLY FORCES WITHIN THEATER OF OPERATIONS/JOA OP ISOLATE THEATER OF OPERATIONS/JOA OP SYNCRONIZE/ INTEGRATE OPERATIONS OP DEVELOP OPERATIONAL TARGETS OP CONVEY INTELLIGENCE BTT OP LAND SN 1 OFFENSE LO CONCENTRATE FORCES IN THEATER OF OPERATIONS/JOA SUPPRESS ENEMY AIR DEFENSES OP ANALYZE MISSION BTT CONDUCT STRATEGIC DEPLOYMENT AND REDEPLOYMENT CONDUCT OPERATIONAL DECEPTION OP PROTECT INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN THEATER OF OPERATIONS/JOA OP OVERCOME OPERATIONALLY SIGNIFICANT BARRIERS OBSTACLES AND MINES OP INTERDICT OPERATIONAL FORCES/TARGETS OP SELECT OR MODIFY COURSE OF ACTION BTT FOSTER MULTINATIONAL AND INTERAGENCY RELATIONS SN 8 CONDUCT PENETRATION, DIRECT ASSAULT AND TURNING MOVEMENTS OP SN 1 CONDUCT STRATEGIC DEPLOYMENT AND REDEPLOYMENT PROVIDE FIREPOWER IN CONDUCT SUPPORT OF OPERATIONAL OPERATIONAL COMBAT MANEUVER ASSESSMENT OP OP FORCES IN EMPLOY TACTICAL C2W BTT BTT OPERATIONS SYNCHRONIZE TACTICAL OPERATIONS BTT BTT CONCENTRATE THEATER OF OPERATIONS/JOA OP CONDUCT ISSUE ORDERS URBAN 28 CONDUCT AREA DEFENSE BTT INTEGRATE AIR DEFENSE IN COMBAT ZONE BTT SECURE AND PROTECT AIR, LAND & SEA LOCs/ROUTES IN AO BTT PROVIDE POSITIVE ID OF FRIENDLY FORCES BTT CONDUCT URBAN OPERATIONS BTT EMPLACE BARRIERS, OBSTACLE AND MINES BTT EMPLOY CLOSE AIR SUPPORT BTT CONDUCT TACTICAL COMBAT ASSESSMENT BTT

29 B A CONDUCT TACTICAL ROAD MARCH U-ART REACT TO (NEAR) U-ART H I REACT TO (FAR) U-ART CONDUCT A SCREEN (INF MECH PLT) U-ART A ROAD MARCH TO SCREEN LINE B H REACT TO (NEAR) REACT TO (FAR) INITIATE ROAD MARCH U-ART C DRIVER REACTION TO U-ART D VEHICLE GUNNER REACTS TO U-ART E F VEHICLE COMMANDER REACTS TO U-ART INFANTRY SQUAD REACTS TO U-ART G PLATOON LEADER REACTS TO U-ART ENGAGE TARGETS WITH 25mm GUN OR 7.62 mm COAX U-ART PLATOON SCREENS FORWARD U-ART B OWNFOR Task Sequences C DRIVER REACTS TO A MOVE ALONG MARCH ROUTE U-ART EVACUATE INJURED PERSONNEL FROM A BFV U-ART U-ART DISMOUNT THE VEHICLE U-ART POSITION SQUADS U-ART D E F G VEH GNR REACTS TO CONDUCT TACTICAL ROAD MARCH REPORT CONTROL MEASURES U-ART U-ART REACT TO (NEAR) DISENGAGE FROM AN ENEMY FORCE U-ART ENTER A BUILDING AND CLEAR A ROOM U-ART REPORT ENEMY ACTIVITY U-ART J C VEH CDR REACTS TO MAINTAIN MARCH SECURITY D U-ART TREAT AND EVACUATE CASUALTIES U-ART DISENGAGE FROM AN ENEMY FORCE U-ART ENGAGE THE ENEMY U-ART INF SQD REACTS TO U-ART PLT LDR F SELECTS MINE INFANTRY LOCATION SQUAD U-ART REACTS TO MOUNT THE VEHICLE U-ART PLT LDR REACTS TO U-ART CONDUCT RESUPPLY VEHICLE OPERATIONS U-ART COMMANDER REACTS TO CONDUCT MAINTENANCE OPERATIONS U-ART BREAK CONTACT (MOUNTED) U-ART I SCREEN CONDUCT CONSOLIDATION AND REORGANIZATION U-ART TREAT AND EVACUATE CASUALTIES DESTROY UNIT VEHICLES AND EQUIPMENT U-ART CONDUCT RESUPPLY OPERATIONS U-ART J RESUME ORIGINAL MISSION U-ART ENEMY INITIATES J CONDUCT MAINTENANCE OPERATIONS U-ART ENEMY PREPARES FOR U-ART PLT LDR SELECTS KILL-ZONE PLT LDR ENEMY DETERMINES MANEUVERS ROUTE TO KILL AGAINST ZONE FOR VEHICLES MANEUVER TEAM U-ART U-ART DRIVER ENEMY REACTION U-ART PREPARES TO FOR C PLATOON PLATOON U-ART D PLT LDR CONDUCT ARRIVES AT INITIATES E ENEMY REACT TO F SELECTS G U-ART SCHEDULED DESIGNATED SCREEN INITIATES MINE HALTS COORDINATES OPERATION (NEAR) LOCATION DRIVER U-ART U-ART VEH GNR U-ART U-ART U-ART U-ART VEH CDR INF SQD REACTS TO REACTS TO REACTS TO REACTS TO VEHICLE PLT LDR PLT LDR REACT TO SELECTS ORDERS GUNNER POSITIONS PLACEMENT (FAR) AND WPNS OF WPNS AND REACTS TO PLACEMENT SOLDIERS U-ART U-ART U-ART PLT LDR U-ART SELECTS KILL-ZONE E G ENEMY INITIATES U-ART PLT LDR SELECTS PLATOON POSITIONS LEADER AND WPNS PLACEMENT REACTS TO U-ART U-ART PLT LDR DETERMINES ROUTE TO KILL ZONE FOR MANEUVER TEAM U-ART PLT LDR ORDERS MINE EMPLACEMENT U-ART PLT LDR U-ART ORDERS PLACEMENT OF WPNS AND SOLDIERS U-ART ENEMY MANEUVERS AGAINST VEHICLES U-ART ENEMY INITIATES FIRE U-ART CONDUCT CONSOLIDATION AND REORGANIZATION U-ART PLT LDR ORDERS MINE EMPLACEMENT U-ART OPFOR ENEMY INITIATES FIRE U-ART RESUME ORIGINAL MISSION U-ART PLT LDR REACTS TO ENEMY FIRES RPG PRIMARY TASK THREAD U-ART SECONDARY TASK THREAD TERTIARY TASK THREAD ENEMY TASK THREAD ENEMY FIRES RPG U-ART

30 Example: Time-Ordered Event List SEQ # TIME ACTIVITY P PHASE I MCS A in AP Muldraugh and preparing for movement to OBJ APPLE P102 C2V establishes ACA MAPLE, min alt 500 ft AGL, max alt 1000 ft AGL, ES860930, ET850050, ET880050, ES890940, eff P103 C2V disseminates ACA MAPLE coordinates to CAB P104 C2V launches UAV 1 from AP Muldraugh vic ES UAV 1 travels from AP Muldraugh (ES ) to perform route reconnaissance. Route ACPs: ES (SP) to ET to ES to P105 ET (OBJ APPLE) P106 C2V monitors incoming data from UAV 1 visual and sensor feeds as it travels north along AXIS MAPLE P107 MCS A plts conduct perimeter security in AP Muldraugh with their respective ARV-Rs P108 MCS A plts perform precombat checks in preparation for movement north to OBJ APPLE UAV 1 remains on OBJ APPLE and conducts reconnaissance of TAI's 1 and 2. UAV 1 Route ACPs: ET876050, ET856040, ET880005, P109 ET UAV performs continuous loop on OBJ APPLE. P110 P111 C2V monitors incoming data from UAV 1 visual and sensors feed as it conducts reconnaissance of OBJ APPLE Interaction 1 UAV 1 detects suspected enemy activity vic TAI 2 with IR sensor P112 UAV 1 sends sensor report to C2V P113 C2V receives IR sensor report of enemy activity vic TAI 2 P114 C2V updates the COP and informs MCS A Cdr P115 Updated COP disseminated to higher and lower echelons P116 C2V continues to monitor UAV 1 sensor feeds P117 P118 Nead something readable here! C2V tasks UAV 1 to stare at suspected enemy activity position to achieve better fidelity for target identification UAV 1 IFF sensor does not confirm friendly force P119 Interaction 2 UAV 1 detects elements of a suspected enemy INF squad vic ET P120 UAV 1 transmits information to C2V P121 C2V receives UAV 1 information and cannot confirm or deny enemy forces and continues to monitor activity P122 UAV 1 maintains surveillance of TAI's 1 and 2 and OBJ APPLE P123 MCS plts begin to assemble in order of march formation and prepare for tactical movement P124 NLOS-C/M receives updated COP and plans targeting data for TAI 2. P125 C2V and MCS A Hq prepares for movement toward OBJ APPLE Task Sequences P126 MCS A plts task ARV-R 2 & 3 to move north along AXIS MAPLE with a limit of advance of 3km from plt main body and conduct reconnaissance. ARV-R 2 will travel route ES (SP), ES873966, ES876987, ET875008, ET ARV-R 3 will travel route ES ( 30

31 MMF Iconic Representation 11 Fundamental Elements: 7 Levels, 4 Operators 6. Context, Environment (Military, Civil, Physical, etc.) 7. OWNFOR Why = Purpose, Mission 7. OPFOR Why = Purpose, Mission 7. Mission 4. Tasks, Operations 5. Index: Location & Time 7. Mission 4. Tasks, Operations O 3,4 O 3,4 3. Functions, Services OWNFOR O 4,1 1. Interactions, Effects O 4,1 OPFOR 3. Functions, Services O 1,2 O 1,2 O 2,3 O 2,3 2. Personnel, Units Components, Systems 2. Personnel, Units Components, Systems Planning Employment Parts, Taxonomies Packages, Networks 31

32 JCIDS via MMF Representation [1/3] 11 Fundamental Elements: 7 Levels, 4 Operators 6. Context, Environment (Military, Civil, Physical, etc.) 7. OWNFOR Why = Purpose, Mission 7. OPFOR Why = Purpose, Mission 7. Mission 4. Tasks, Operations 5. Index: Location & Time 7. Mission 4. Tasks, Operations O 3,4 O 3,4 3. Functions, Services OWNFOR O 4,1 1. Interactions, Effects O 4,1 OPFOR 3. Functions, Services O 1,2 O 1,2 O 2,3 O 2,3 2. Personnel, Units Components, Systems 2. Personnel, Units Components, Systems Planning Employment Parts, Taxonomies Packages, Networks 32

33 JCIDS via MMF Representation [2/3] 6. Context, Environment (Military, Civil, Physical, etc.) 7. Mission 4. Tasks, Operations 5. Index: Location & Time 7. Mission 4. Tasks, Operations O 3,4 O 3,4 3. Functions, Services OWNFOR O 4,1 1. Interactions, Effects O 4,1 OPFOR 3. Functions, Services O 1,2 O 1,2 O 2,3 O 2,3 2. Personnel, Units Components, Systems 2. Personnel, Units Components, Systems 33

34 JCIDS via MMF Representation [3/3] 6. Context, Environment (Military, Civil, Physical, etc.) 7. Mission 4. Tasks, Operations 5. Index: Location & Time 7. Mission 4. Tasks, Operations O 3,4 O 3,4 3. Functions, Services OWNFOR O 4,1 1. Interactions, Effects O 4,1 OPFOR 3. Functions, Services O 1,2 O 1,2 O 2,3 O 2,3 2. Personnel, Units Components, Systems 2. Personnel, Units Components, Systems 6. 5., Subsets of Corresponding MMF Data 34

35 Decision Making Where E Resides Knowledge Formation Where T Resides Information Requirements Sift, Filter, Analyze, Evaluate Requirements Information Where M&S Reside Observe, Exercise, Measure Test Calculate, Model, Represent, Simulate Abstraction Repeated VV&A Process Abstraction Single, Unified Abstraction 35

36 Outline [1/2] In this symposium, the focus has been directed to requirements and how other disciplines such as T&E and M&S can improve the acquisition process. A myriad of analytic fields have developed largely independently in what might be characterized as a bottom-up evolution. To wit: An array of analytic areas characterized by collections of metrics in which sharing or exclusion across areas is not known. Where state changes to systems or components of systems (i.e., due to invoked damage or repair) are conflated with system performance and further conflated with system effectiveness. Where mission context is absent, making effectiveness estimates ambiguous at best. Clearly, the many elements which comprise this problem set must be cast into a single framework capable of supporting the full dimensionality not only of requirements, but research, DT/OT activities, materiel, human dimension, and effectiveness analyses. 36

37 Knowledge Testing Modeling Note: The logical intersection is a small subset of the logical union The intersection is the only domain in which Validation can take place! 37

38 The Blind Men and the Elephant Spear Snake Fan Rope Tree Wall 38

39 Outline [1/2] In this symposium, the focus has been directed to requirements and how other disciplines such as T&E and M&S can improve the acquisition process. A myriad of analytic fields have developed largely independently in what might be characterized as a bottom-up evolution. To wit: An array of analytic areas characterized by collections of metrics in which sharing or exclusion across areas is not known. Where state changes to systems or components of systems (i.e., due to invoked damage or repair) are conflated with system performance and further conflated with system effectiveness. Where mission context is absent, making effectiveness estimates ambiguous at best. Clearly, the many elements which comprise this problem set must be cast into a single framework capable of supporting the full dimensionality not only of requirements, but research, DT/OT activities, materiel, human dimension, and effectiveness analyses. 39

40 Outline [1/2] How can the T&E Community support the Requirements Process? What constitute valid, measureable (i.e. testable), realistic and achievable requirements? How can multiple disciplines be used in combination to effect acquisitionrelated decisions? Clearly, the many elements which comprise this problem set must be cast into a single framework capable of supporting the full dimensionality not only of requirements, but research, DT/OT activities, materiel, human dimension, and effectiveness analyses. 40

41 Outline [2/2] A single paradigm is capable of supporting all of these seemingly disparate focus areas; it is called the Military Decision Making Process (MDMP) and has been a part of the warfighters lexicon and practice for years Over the past 14 years, considerable efforts have been expended to: developing a formal structure for MDMP in order to reduce/eliminate ambiguity in representation establish top-down linkages (per level of war), establish horizontal linkages (e.g., System-of-Systems), establish an executable framework (so that this can be automated), and represent an OPFOR in addition to an OWNFOR so that multiple sides can be played against each other We call this the Missions and Means Framework (MMF) MMF (read the MDMP) has applicability to a wide range of defense-related analyses MMF (read the MDMP) relates material/people to performance to effectiveness to event initiation, to interactions with material/people, to... 41

42 Top-down vice bottom-up strategies Clearly, the many elements which comprise this problem set must be cast into a single framework capable of supporting the full dimensionality not only of requirements, but research, DT/OT activities, materiel, human dimension, and effectiveness analyses. Advanced Concepts and Requirements (ACR), Research, Development & Acquisition (RDA), and Training Exercises and Military Operations (TEMO) represent three domains which do not map fully to a superset representation 42

43 The MDMP as the Center Piece of Analysis [1/2] Purpose: Provide a methodology for explicitly specifying the military mission and quantitatively evaluating the mission utility of alternative warfighting DOTMLPF services and products. Objective: Provide a disciplined procedure to explicitly specify the mission, allocate means, and assess mission accomplishment by: Unifying the warfighter, engineer, and comptroller understanding of missions and means Accounting for traditional testing and evaluation factors and traditional warfighter expertise factors that constitute mission success. Being sufficiently credible, timely, and affordable to make hard decisions that stay made. Being consistent, concise, repeatable, and scalable. Providing a disciplined process to implement the Defense Secretary s transformation guidance and associated acquisition reform. 43

44 Formalizing the MDMP Structure Over the past 14 years, considerable efforts have been expended to: establish top-down linkages (per level of war), establish horizontal linkages (e.g., System-of-Systems), represent an OPFOR in addition to an OWNFOR so that multiple sides can be played against each other reduce/eliminate ambiguity in representation by developing a formal structure for MDMP (including executable tasks and executing people/material) in order to establish an executable framework (so that this can be automated) We call this the Missions and Means Framework (MMF) MMF (read the MDMP) has applicability to a wide range of defense-related analyses MMF (read the MDMP) relates material/people to performance to effectiveness to event initiation, to interactions with material/people, to.. 44

45 National Goals and Restrictions Strategic Goals and Restrictions System Development Operational Capabilities Doctrine, Tactics Operational Trade Studies Requirements Technical Capabilities Systems Engineering Technical Trade Studies Requirements Refinement Technologies 45