M E M O R A N D U M. Technical Committee on Public Emergency Service Communication

Transcription

1 National Fire Protection Association 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA Phone: Fax: M E M O R A N D U M TO: FROM: Technical Committee on Public Emergency Service Communication Jenny Depew, Project Administrator DATE: February 23, 2017 SUBJECT: NFPA 1221 First Draft Technical Committee FINAL Ballot Results (A2018) According to the final ballot results, all ballot items received the necessary affirmative votes to pass ballot. 27 Members Eligible to Vote 2 Members Not Returned (Fox and Watters) The attached report shows the number of affirmative, negative, and abstaining votes as well as the explanation of the vote for each revision. To pass ballot, each revision requires: (1) a simple majority of those eligible to vote and (2) an affirmative vote of 2 /3 of ballots returned. See Sections (c) and of the Regulations Governing the Development of NFPA Standards.

2 of 319 2/23/ :56 AM First Revision No. 133-NFPA [ Global Input ] Change all compound fractions to decimals. Supplemental Information File Name FR_133_Attachment.docx Description FOR STAFF USE ONLY - COMP SEE THIS FOR SPECIFICS Submitter Information Verification Submitter Full Name: Brian O`Connor Organization: National Fire Protection Assoc Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Thu Oct 27 14:21:35 EDT 2016 Committee Statement Committee Statement: Decimals are easier to read and will cause less confusion for the end user. Response Message: Ballot Results This item has passed ballot 27 Eligible Voters 2 Not Returned 24 Affirmative All 1 Affirmative with Comments 0 Negative with Comments 0 Abstention Not Returned Fox, Debbie Watters, William J. Affirmative All Aiken, Douglas M. Ambrefe, William Berdan, Charles M. Carver, Christopher

3 2 of 319 2/23/ :56 AM DiBernardo, Thomas Dornseif, III, Jay Eisner, Jerry Facella, John A. Fosso, Kevin J Franklin, Jonathan Krizik, Mark Leese, Steve Leng, Minfei M. Lheureux, Scott Link, Jr., Kenneth J. Lombard, Christopher H. McClure, III, Nathan D. Milan, Carolina Y. Parrish, Thomas J. Sari, Toivo Simpkins, Keith D. Stauffer, Jr., Evan E. Strickland, III, Rex Verbil, Stephen Affirmative with Comment Richmond, Randy none

4 3 of 319 2/23/ :56 AM First Revision No. 81-NFPA [ Global Input ] References to NFPA 72 requirements for Two-Way Radio Communications Enhancement Systems shall be deleted from each section and the associated annex, all requirements for Two-Way Radio Communications Enhancement Systems have been relacated to this document and the exerpted sections of NFPA 72 may have been deleted. Supplemental Information File Name FR_81_Attachment.docx Description FOR STAFF USE ONLY - COMP SEE THIS FOR SPECIFICS Submitter Information Verification Submitter Full Name: Brian OConnor Organization: [ Not Specified ] Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Fri Oct 21 13:11:49 EDT 2016 Committee Statement Committee Statement: Response Message: References to NFPA 72 requirements for Two-Way Radio Communications Enhancement Systems shall be deleted from each section and the associated annex, all requirements for Two-Way Radio Communications Enhancement Systems.have been relocated to this document and the exerpted sections of NFPA 72 may have been deleted. Public Input No. 153-NFPA [Global Input] Ballot Results This item has passed ballot 27 Eligible Voters 2 Not Returned 23 Affirmative All 2 Affirmative with Comments 0 Negative with Comments 0 Abstention Not Returned Fox, Debbie Watters, William J.

5 4 of 319 2/23/ :56 AM Affirmative All Aiken, Douglas M. Ambrefe, William Berdan, Charles M. Carver, Christopher DiBernardo, Thomas Dornseif, III, Jay Eisner, Jerry Fosso, Kevin J Franklin, Jonathan Krizik, Mark Leese, Steve Leng, Minfei M. Lheureux, Scott Link, Jr., Kenneth J. Lombard, Christopher H. McClure, III, Nathan D. Milan, Carolina Y. Parrish, Thomas J. Sari, Toivo Simpkins, Keith D. Stauffer, Jr., Evan E. Strickland, III, Rex Verbil, Stephen Affirmative with Comment Facella, John A. Note that in section 5.10 (pathway survivability) there remain references to NFPA 72. I believe those need to remain. There is another reference to 72 in which also should remain, because we are mimicking some of the 72 requirements for redundancy etc. Richmond, Randy none

6 5 of 319 2/23/ :56 AM First Revision No. 82-NFPA [ Global Input ] When NFPA 70 is referenced do not reference a specific section unless there is a technical reason to do that. Rather change the references to the applicable sections of NFPA 70. Supplemental Information File Name FR_82_Attachment.docx Description FOR STAFF USE ONLY - COMP SEE THIS FOR SPECIFICS Submitter Information Verification Submitter Full Name: Brian OConnor Organization: [ Not Specified ] Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Fri Oct 21 13:15:23 EDT 2016 Committee Statement Committee Statement: Response Message: This could lead to confusion as to application of NFPA 70 and how it functions under article 90. Public Input No. 159-NFPA [Global Input] Ballot Results This item has passed ballot 27 Eligible Voters 2 Not Returned 24 Affirmative All 1 Affirmative with Comments 0 Negative with Comments 0 Abstention Not Returned Fox, Debbie Watters, William J. Affirmative All Aiken, Douglas M.

7 6 of 319 2/23/ :56 AM Ambrefe, William Berdan, Charles M. Carver, Christopher DiBernardo, Thomas Dornseif, III, Jay Eisner, Jerry Facella, John A. Fosso, Kevin J Franklin, Jonathan Krizik, Mark Leese, Steve Leng, Minfei M. Lheureux, Scott Link, Jr., Kenneth J. Lombard, Christopher H. McClure, III, Nathan D. Milan, Carolina Y. Parrish, Thomas J. Sari, Toivo Simpkins, Keith D. Stauffer, Jr., Evan E. Strickland, III, Rex Verbil, Stephen Affirmative with Comment Richmond, Randy none

8 7 of 319 2/23/ :56 AM First Revision No. 129-NFPA [ Detail ] Change title of to "Backhaul Microwave Radio Systems" Submitter Information Verification Submitter Full Name: Brian OConnor Organization: [ Not Specified ] Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Tue Oct 25 13:16:56 PDT 2016 Committee Statement Committee Statement: additional term added to clarify the intent of this section. Response Message: Ballot Results This item has passed ballot 27 Eligible Voters 2 Not Returned 24 Affirmative All 1 Affirmative with Comments 0 Negative with Comments 0 Abstention Not Returned Fox, Debbie Watters, William J. Affirmative All Aiken, Douglas M. Ambrefe, William Berdan, Charles M. Carver, Christopher DiBernardo, Thomas Dornseif, III, Jay Eisner, Jerry Facella, John A.

9 8 of 319 2/23/ :56 AM Fosso, Kevin J Franklin, Jonathan Krizik, Mark Leese, Steve Leng, Minfei M. Lheureux, Scott Link, Jr., Kenneth J. Lombard, Christopher H. McClure, III, Nathan D. Milan, Carolina Y. Parrish, Thomas J. Sari, Toivo Simpkins, Keith D. Stauffer, Jr., Evan E. Strickland, III, Rex Verbil, Stephen Affirmative with Comment Richmond, Randy none

10 9 of 319 2/23/ :56 AM First Revision No. 1-NFPA [ Section No. 1.2 [Excluding any Sub-Sections] ] The purpose of this standard shall be as follows: (1) To specify operations, facilities, and communications systems that receive alarms from events from the public (2) To provide requirements for the retransmission of such alarms events to the appropriate emergency response agencies (3) To provide requirements for dispatching of appropriate emergency response personnel (4) To establish the required levels of performance and quality of installations of emergency services communications systems Submitter Information Verification Submitter Full Name: Brian OConnor Organization: [ Not Specified ] Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Oct 19 13:38:48 EDT 2016 Committee Statement Committee Statement: Response Message: The use of "alarm" in this document is a artifact of 1221 when it was a fire alarm box standard and used strictly by fire departments. The change to a generic "emergency response" standard necessitates the change from "alarm" to "event" to make the standard more widely applicable to non-fire agencies. Public Input No. 30-NFPA [Section No. 1.2 [Excluding any Sub-Sections]] Ballot Results This item has passed ballot 27 Eligible Voters 2 Not Returned 21 Affirmative All 2 Affirmative with Comments 2 Negative with Comments 0 Abstention Not Returned Fox, Debbie Watters, William J.

11 10 of 319 2/23/ :56 AM Affirmative All Aiken, Douglas M. Ambrefe, William Berdan, Charles M. DiBernardo, Thomas Dornseif, III, Jay Eisner, Jerry Facella, John A. Fosso, Kevin J Franklin, Jonathan Krizik, Mark Leng, Minfei M. Lheureux, Scott Link, Jr., Kenneth J. Lombard, Christopher H. Milan, Carolina Y. Parrish, Thomas J. Sari, Toivo Simpkins, Keith D. Stauffer, Jr., Evan E. Strickland, III, Rex Verbil, Stephen Affirmative with Comment Carver, Christopher "standard more widely applicable to non-fire agencies"- we have a concern with this wording. The intent should not be to expand the scope of 1221 to apply to non fire agencies but rather to improve the understanding of this standard and its terminology for those agencies that answer and process fire calls for service that may not be fire service managed or have a good understanding of fire service operations. Richmond, Randy none Negative with Comment Leese, Steve The proposed revision for NFPA 1221 are too vague and too broad and can be construed to include all aspects of Public Safety Communications. There are insufficient subject matter experts on the Technical Committee to change the standard so that it is "applicable to non-fire agencies" McClure, III, Nathan D. Agree the proposed change is to vague and broad

12 11 of 319 2/23/ :56 AM First Revision No. 163-NFPA [ Section No. 1.3 ] 1.3* Application. This standard shall apply to communications systems that include, but are not limited to, dispatching systems, telephone systems, public reporting systems, and one-way and two-way radio systems that provide the following functions: This standard shall apply to publicly and privately owned communications systems that include, but are not limited to, the following: (1) Computer aided dispatching systems (2) Telephone systems (3) systems (4) Next Generation systems (5) Multi-line telephone systems (MLTS) used to access the Enhanced systems (6) Telematics (7) Emergency response facility alerting systems (8) Public and private alarm reporting systems (9) One-way and two-way radio systems Communication between the public and emergency response agencies Communication within the emergency response agency under emergency and nonemergency conditions Communication among emergency response agencies The communication systems listed in Section 1.3 shall provide the following functions: (1) Communication between the requester and emergency response agencies (2) Communication within the emergency response agency under emergency and nonemergency conditions (3) Communication among emergency response agencies Supplemental Information File Name 1221_FR_163_A.1.3_FINAL.docx Description annex material Submitter Information Verification Submitter Full Name: Brian O`Connor Organization: National Fire Protection Assoc Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Nov 02 15:48:23 EDT 2016 Committee Statement

13 12 of 319 2/23/ :56 AM Committee Statement: Language added to clarify the application of this standard. Response Message: Ballot Results This item has passed ballot 27 Eligible Voters 2 Not Returned 23 Affirmative All 1 Affirmative with Comments 1 Negative with Comments 0 Abstention Not Returned Fox, Debbie Watters, William J. Affirmative All Aiken, Douglas M. Ambrefe, William Berdan, Charles M. Carver, Christopher DiBernardo, Thomas Dornseif, III, Jay Eisner, Jerry Facella, John A. Fosso, Kevin J Franklin, Jonathan Krizik, Mark Leese, Steve Leng, Minfei M. Lheureux, Scott Link, Jr., Kenneth J. Lombard, Christopher H. Milan, Carolina Y. Parrish, Thomas J. Sari, Toivo Simpkins, Keith D. Stauffer, Jr., Evan E. Strickland, III, Rex Verbil, Stephen

14 13 of 319 2/23/ :56 AM Affirmative with Comment Richmond, Randy none Negative with Comment McClure, III, Nathan D. As written, this section could apply to non-safety systems. For example, if Pete, the Plumber, had a readily system for business purposes, this section, as written, could conceivably be interpreted to require compliance withe 1221.

15 1.3 Application. This standard shall apply to communications systems that include, but are not limited to, dispatching systems, telephone systems, public reporting systems, and one-way and two-way radio systems that provide the following functions: 1. Communication between the public and emergency response agencies 2. Communication within the emergency response agency under emergency and nonemergency conditions 3. Communication among emergency response agencies A.1.3 Telematics provide emergency communications from either a person requesting emergency assistance or an autonomous request such as an automatic crash notification (ACN). The communication request is routed to a PSAP from a third party telematics service provider. The TSP can contact the PSAP through dedicated 911 trunk or ALI supported telephone system. Communications types to the PSAP could include automatically generated incident location, automatically generated incident location with data, or voice communications with automatically generated incident location with data.

16 14 of 319 2/23/ :56 AM First Revision No. 169-NFPA [ Section No. 2.2 ] 2.2 NFPA Publications. National Fire Protection Association, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA NFPA 1, Fire Code, edition. NFPA 10, Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers, edition. NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, 2016 edition. NFPA 37, Standard for the Installation and Use of Stationary Combustion Engines and Gas Turbines, edition. NFPA 54, National Fuel Gas Code, edition. NFPA 58, Liquefied Petroleum Gas Code, edition. NFPA 70, National Electrical Code, edition. NFPA 72, National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code, edition. NFPA 75, Standard for the Fire Protection of Information Technology Equipment, edition. NFPA 90A, Standard for the Installation of Air-Conditioning and Ventilating Systems, edition. NFPA 90B, Standard for the Installation of Warm Air Heating and Air-Conditioning Systems, edition. NFPA 101, Life Safety Code, edition. NFPA 110, Standard for Emergency and Standby Power Systems, 2016 edition. NFPA 111, Standard on Stored Electrical Energy Emergency and Standby Power Systems, 2016 edition. NFPA 220, Standard on Types of Building Construction, edition. NFPA 731, Standard for the Installation of Electronic Premises Security Systems, edition. NFPA 780, Standard for the Installation of Lightning Protection Systems, edition. NFPA 1061, Standard for Public Safety Telecommunications Personnel Professional Qualifications for Public Safety Telecommunicator, edition. NFPA 1561, Standard on Emergency Services Incident Management System and Command Safety, 2014 edition. NFPA 1600, Standard on Disaster/Emergency Management and Business Continuity/Continuity of Operations Programs, 2016 edition. NFPA 1802, Standard on Personal Portable (Hand-Held) Two-Way Radio Communications Devices for Use by Emergency Services Personnel in the Hazard Zone, 2018 edition. NFPA 1901, Standard for Automotive Fire Apparatus, 2016 edition. NFPA 5000, Building Construction and Safety Code, edition. Submitter Information Verification Submitter Full Name: Brian O`Connor Organization: National Fire Protection Assoc Street Address: City: State:

17 15 of 319 2/23/ :56 AM Zip: Submittal Date: Mon Nov 28 08:41:23 EST 2016 Committee Statement Committee Statement: Updated references per NFPA MOS Response Message: Ballot Results This item has passed ballot 27 Eligible Voters 2 Not Returned 24 Affirmative All 1 Affirmative with Comments 0 Negative with Comments 0 Abstention Not Returned Fox, Debbie Watters, William J. Affirmative All Aiken, Douglas M. Ambrefe, William Berdan, Charles M. Carver, Christopher DiBernardo, Thomas Dornseif, III, Jay Eisner, Jerry Facella, John A. Fosso, Kevin J Franklin, Jonathan Krizik, Mark Leese, Steve Leng, Minfei M. Lheureux, Scott Link, Jr., Kenneth J. Lombard, Christopher H. McClure, III, Nathan D. Milan, Carolina Y. Parrish, Thomas J. Sari, Toivo

18 16 of 319 2/23/ :56 AM Simpkins, Keith D. Stauffer, Jr., Evan E. Strickland, III, Rex Verbil, Stephen Affirmative with Comment Richmond, Randy none

19 17 of 319 2/23/ :56 AM First Revision No. 77-NFPA [ Section No ] ASTM Publications. ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA ASTM E84, Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials, Submitter Information Verification Submitter Full Name: Brian OConnor Organization: [ Not Specified ] Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Thu Oct 20 20:14:24 EDT 2016 Committee Statement Committee Statement: Date updates. Response Message: Public Input No. 6-NFPA [Section No ] Ballot Results This item has passed ballot 27 Eligible Voters 2 Not Returned 24 Affirmative All 1 Affirmative with Comments 0 Negative with Comments 0 Abstention Not Returned Fox, Debbie Watters, William J. Affirmative All Aiken, Douglas M. Ambrefe, William Berdan, Charles M. Carver, Christopher DiBernardo, Thomas

20 18 of 319 2/23/ :56 AM Dornseif, III, Jay Eisner, Jerry Facella, John A. Fosso, Kevin J Franklin, Jonathan Krizik, Mark Leese, Steve Leng, Minfei M. Lheureux, Scott Link, Jr., Kenneth J. Lombard, Christopher H. McClure, III, Nathan D. Milan, Carolina Y. Parrish, Thomas J. Sari, Toivo Simpkins, Keith D. Stauffer, Jr., Evan E. Strickland, III, Rex Verbil, Stephen Affirmative with Comment Richmond, Randy none

21 19 of 319 2/23/ :56 AM First Revision No. 78-NFPA [ Section No ] UL Publications. Underwriters Laboratories Inc., 333 Pfingsten Road, Northbrook, IL ANSI/UL 752, Standard for Bullet-Resistant Equipment, 2005, Revised Submitter Information Verification Submitter Full Name: Brian OConnor Organization: [ Not Specified ] Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Thu Oct 20 20:16:11 EDT 2016 Committee Statement Committee Statement: This proposal updates the UL Standards to the current referenced edition. Response Message: Public Input No. 87-NFPA [Section No ] Ballot Results This item has passed ballot 27 Eligible Voters 2 Not Returned 24 Affirmative All 1 Affirmative with Comments 0 Negative with Comments 0 Abstention Not Returned Fox, Debbie Watters, William J. Affirmative All Aiken, Douglas M. Ambrefe, William Berdan, Charles M. Carver, Christopher DiBernardo, Thomas

22 20 of 319 2/23/ :56 AM Dornseif, III, Jay Eisner, Jerry Facella, John A. Fosso, Kevin J Franklin, Jonathan Krizik, Mark Leese, Steve Leng, Minfei M. Lheureux, Scott Link, Jr., Kenneth J. Lombard, Christopher H. McClure, III, Nathan D. Milan, Carolina Y. Parrish, Thomas J. Sari, Toivo Simpkins, Keith D. Stauffer, Jr., Evan E. Strickland, III, Rex Verbil, Stephen Affirmative with Comment Richmond, Randy none

23 21 of 319 2/23/ :56 AM First Revision No. 60-NFPA [ Section No ] Other Publications. Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, 11th edition, Merriam-Webster, Inc., Springfield, MA, NENA/APCO ANS x, NG9-1-1 Emergency Incident Data Document (EIDD). Submitter Information Verification Submitter Full Name: Brian OConnor Organization: [ Not Specified ] Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Thu Oct 20 18:14:15 EDT 2016 Committee Statement Committee Statement: Response Message: APCO/NENA ANS x NG9-1-1 Emergency Incident Data Document (EIDD) is used in Public Input No. 93-NFPA [New Section after 2.3] Ballot Results This item has passed ballot 27 Eligible Voters 2 Not Returned 24 Affirmative All 1 Affirmative with Comments 0 Negative with Comments 0 Abstention Not Returned Fox, Debbie Watters, William J. Affirmative All Aiken, Douglas M. Ambrefe, William Berdan, Charles M. Carver, Christopher DiBernardo, Thomas

24 22 of 319 2/23/ :56 AM Dornseif, III, Jay Eisner, Jerry Facella, John A. Fosso, Kevin J Franklin, Jonathan Krizik, Mark Leese, Steve Leng, Minfei M. Lheureux, Scott Link, Jr., Kenneth J. Lombard, Christopher H. McClure, III, Nathan D. Milan, Carolina Y. Parrish, Thomas J. Sari, Toivo Simpkins, Keith D. Stauffer, Jr., Evan E. Strickland, III, Rex Verbil, Stephen Affirmative with Comment Richmond, Randy none

25 23 of 319 2/23/ :56 AM First Revision No. 95-NFPA [ Section No. 2.4 ] 2.4 References for Extracts in Mandatory Sections. NFPA 70, National Electrical Code, edition. NFPA 72, National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code, 2016 edition. NFPA 111, Standard on Stored Electrical Energy Emergency and Standby Power Systems, 2016 edition. NFPA 1000, Standard for Fire Service Professional Qualifications Accreditation and Certification Systems, edition. NFPA 1005, Standard for Professional Qualifications for Marine Fire Fighting for Land-Based Fire Fighters, 2014 edition. NFPA 1021, Standard for Fire Officer Professional Qualifications, 2014 edition. NFPA 1061, Standard for Public Safety Telecommunications Personnel Professional Qualifications for Public Safety Telecommunicator, edition. Submitter Information Verification Submitter Full Name: Brian OConnor Organization: [ Not Specified ] Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Fri Oct 21 16:06:53 EDT 2016 Committee Statement Committee Statement: Updated references per NFPA MOS Response Message: Ballot Results This item has passed ballot 27 Eligible Voters 2 Not Returned 24 Affirmative All 1 Affirmative with Comments 0 Negative with Comments 0 Abstention Not Returned Fox, Debbie Watters, William J.

26 24 of 319 2/23/ :56 AM Affirmative All Aiken, Douglas M. Ambrefe, William Berdan, Charles M. Carver, Christopher DiBernardo, Thomas Dornseif, III, Jay Eisner, Jerry Facella, John A. Fosso, Kevin J Franklin, Jonathan Krizik, Mark Leese, Steve Leng, Minfei M. Lheureux, Scott Link, Jr., Kenneth J. Lombard, Christopher H. McClure, III, Nathan D. Milan, Carolina Y. Parrish, Thomas J. Sari, Toivo Simpkins, Keith D. Stauffer, Jr., Evan E. Strickland, III, Rex Verbil, Stephen Affirmative with Comment Richmond, Randy none

27 25 of 319 2/23/ :56 AM First Revision No. 2-NFPA [ Section No ] 3.3.1* Alarm. A signal or message from a person or device indicating the existence of an emergency or other situation that requires action by an emergency response agency * Alarm Data. Digital information related to an alarm that contains the physical location of the alarm, callback number of the reporting party/system, and other explanatory information. Supplemental Information File Name 1221_FR_2_A.3.3.1_FINAL.docx Description annex material Submitter Information Verification Submitter Full Name: Brian OConnor Organization: [ Not Specified ] Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Oct 19 14:13:34 EDT 2016 Committee Statement Committee Statement: Response Message: The use of "alarm" in this document is a artifact of 1221 when it was a fire alarm box standard and used strictly by fire departments. The change to a generic "emergency response" standard necessitates the change from "alarm" to "event" to make the standard more widely applicable to non-fire agencies. Public Input No. 68-NFPA [Section No. A.3.3.1] Public Input No. 31-NFPA [Section No ] Ballot Results This item has passed ballot 27 Eligible Voters 2 Not Returned 21 Affirmative All 2 Affirmative with Comments 2 Negative with Comments 0 Abstention Not Returned

28 26 of 319 2/23/ :56 AM Fox, Debbie Watters, William J. Affirmative All Aiken, Douglas M. Ambrefe, William Berdan, Charles M. DiBernardo, Thomas Dornseif, III, Jay Eisner, Jerry Facella, John A. Fosso, Kevin J Franklin, Jonathan Krizik, Mark Leng, Minfei M. Lheureux, Scott Link, Jr., Kenneth J. Lombard, Christopher H. Milan, Carolina Y. Parrish, Thomas J. Sari, Toivo Simpkins, Keith D. Stauffer, Jr., Evan E. Strickland, III, Rex Verbil, Stephen Affirmative with Comment Carver, Christopher "standard more widely applicable to non-fire agencies"- we have a concern with this wording. The intent should not be to expand the scope of 1221 to apply to non fire agencies but rather to improve the understanding of this standard and its terminology for those agencies that answer and process fire calls for service that may not be fire service managed or have a good understanding of fire service operations. Richmond, Randy none Negative with Comment Leese, Steve The proposed revision for NFPA 1221 are too vague and too broad and can be construed to include all aspects of Public Safety Communications. There are insufficient subject matter experts on the Technical Committee to change the standard so that it is "applicable to non-fire agencies" McClure, III, Nathan D. Agree the section is to board and vague.

29 A Alarm. Alarms are events received by electronic signal that is, fire alarm boxes, central station alarms, and automatic crash notifications.

30 27 of 319 2/23/ :56 AM First Revision No. 162-NFPA [ New Section after ] Annunciator. A unit containing one or more indicator lamps, alphanumeric displays, or other equivalent means in which each indication provides status information about a circuit, condition, or location. [ 72, 2019] Submitter Information Verification Submitter Full Name: Brian O`Connor Organization: National Fire Protection Assoc Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Nov 02 15:44:02 EDT 2016 Committee Statement Committee Statement: Response Message: New definition added to elaborate on what is meant by Annunciation. Extracted from NFPA 72 Ballot Results This item has passed ballot 27 Eligible Voters 2 Not Returned 24 Affirmative All 1 Affirmative with Comments 0 Negative with Comments 0 Abstention Not Returned Fox, Debbie Watters, William J. Affirmative All Aiken, Douglas M. Ambrefe, William Berdan, Charles M. Carver, Christopher DiBernardo, Thomas Dornseif, III, Jay

31 28 of 319 2/23/ :56 AM Eisner, Jerry Facella, John A. Fosso, Kevin J Franklin, Jonathan Krizik, Mark Leese, Steve Leng, Minfei M. Lheureux, Scott Link, Jr., Kenneth J. Lombard, Christopher H. McClure, III, Nathan D. Milan, Carolina Y. Parrish, Thomas J. Sari, Toivo Simpkins, Keith D. Stauffer, Jr., Evan E. Strickland, III, Rex Verbil, Stephen Affirmative with Comment Richmond, Randy none

32 29 of 319 2/23/ :56 AM First Revision No. 3-NFPA [ Section No ] 3.3.7* Automatic Location Identification (ALI). A series of data elements that informs the recipient of the location of the alarm The automatic display at the PSAP of the caller s telephone number, the address/location of the telephone, and supplementary emergency services information of the location from which a call originates. Submitter Information Verification Submitter Full Name: Brian OConnor Organization: [ Not Specified ] Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Oct 19 14:14:48 EDT 2016 Committee Statement Committee Statement: PSAP communities desire homogenized definitions. The definitions are similar in nature. Response Message: Public Input No. 33-NFPA [Section No ] Public Input No. 90-NFPA [Section No ] Ballot Results This item has passed ballot 27 Eligible Voters 2 Not Returned 20 Affirmative All 3 Affirmative with Comments 2 Negative with Comments 0 Abstention Not Returned Fox, Debbie Watters, William J. Affirmative All Aiken, Douglas M. Ambrefe, William Berdan, Charles M. DiBernardo, Thomas

33 30 of 319 2/23/ :56 AM Dornseif, III, Jay Eisner, Jerry Fosso, Kevin J Franklin, Jonathan Krizik, Mark Leng, Minfei M. Lheureux, Scott Link, Jr., Kenneth J. Lombard, Christopher H. Milan, Carolina Y. Parrish, Thomas J. Sari, Toivo Simpkins, Keith D. Stauffer, Jr., Evan E. Strickland, III, Rex Verbil, Stephen Affirmative with Comment Carver, Christopher "standard more widely applicable to non-fire agencies"- we have a concern with this wording. The intent should not be to expand the scope of 1221 to apply to non fire agencies but rather to improve the understanding of this standard and its terminology for those agencies that answer and process fire calls for service that may not be fire service managed or have a good understanding of fire service operations. Facella, John A. Is this definition still going to apply for say ACN, and other automatic inputs to PSAP. The revised definition is too specific-the definition in 2016 was better. Richmond, Randy none Negative with Comment Leese, Steve The proposed revision for NFPA 1221 are too vague and too broad and can be construed to include all aspects of Public Safety Communications. There are insufficient subject matter experts on the Technical Committee to change the standard so that it is "applicable to non-fire agencies" McClure, III, Nathan D. Again, the section is too vague and broad as written

34 31 of 319 2/23/ :56 AM First Revision No. 4-NFPA [ Section No ] 3.3.8* Automatic Number Identification (ANI). A series of alphanumeric characters that informs the recipient of the source of the alarm an event. Supplemental Information File Name A docx Description annex material Submitter Information Verification Submitter Full Name: Brian OConnor Organization: [ Not Specified ] Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Oct 19 14:15:36 EDT 2016 Committee Statement Committee Statement: Response Message: The use of "alarm" in this document is a artifact of 1221 when it was a fire alarm box standard and used strictly by fire departments. The change to a generic "emergency response" standard necessitates the change from "alarm" to "event" to make the standard more widely applicable to non-fire agencies. Annex: PSAP communities desire homogenized definitions. NFPA 1221 must account for both telephone and radio uses of ANI. The definitions for telephone related ANI are similar in nature. Public Input No. 34-NFPA [Section No ] Public Input No. 35-NFPA [Section No ] Public Input No. 89-NFPA [Section No ] Ballot Results This item has passed ballot 27 Eligible Voters 2 Not Returned 21 Affirmative All 2 Affirmative with Comments 2 Negative with Comments 0 Abstention Not Returned

35 32 of 319 2/23/ :56 AM Fox, Debbie Watters, William J. Affirmative All Aiken, Douglas M. Ambrefe, William Berdan, Charles M. DiBernardo, Thomas Dornseif, III, Jay Eisner, Jerry Facella, John A. Fosso, Kevin J Franklin, Jonathan Krizik, Mark Leng, Minfei M. Lheureux, Scott Link, Jr., Kenneth J. Lombard, Christopher H. Milan, Carolina Y. Parrish, Thomas J. Sari, Toivo Simpkins, Keith D. Stauffer, Jr., Evan E. Strickland, III, Rex Verbil, Stephen Affirmative with Comment Carver, Christopher "standard more widely applicable to non-fire agencies"- we have a concern with this wording. The intent should not be to expand the scope of 1221 to apply to non fire agencies but rather to improve the understanding of this standard and its terminology for those agencies that answer and process fire calls for service that may not be fire service managed or have a good understanding of fire service operations. Richmond, Randy none Negative with Comment Leese, Steve The proposed revision for NFPA 1221 are too vague and too broad and can be construed to include all aspects of Public Safety Communications. There are insufficient subject matter experts on the Technical Committee to change the standard so that it is "applicable to non-fire agencies" McClure, III, Nathan D. Again, this section is too broad and vague.

36 A Automatic Number Identification (ANI). Automatic number identification is typically used in two disparate systems in emergency communications. First, ANI is a telephone number associated with the access line from which a call originates. Second, in two-way radio communications, ANI can be associated with the radio device that is active on the voice communication channel.

37 33 of 319 2/23/ :56 AM First Revision No. 94-NFPA [ New Section after ] Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLH). Any condition that would pose an immediate or delayed threat to life, cause irreversible adverse health effects, or interfere with an individual's ability to escape unaided from a hazardous environment. [ 1005, 2014] Submitter Information Verification Submitter Full Name: Brian OConnor Organization: [ Not Specified ] Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Fri Oct 21 16:03:04 EDT 2016 Committee Statement Committee Statement: IDLH needs to be defined as used in this standard. Response Message: Ballot Results This item has passed ballot 27 Eligible Voters 2 Not Returned 24 Affirmative All 1 Affirmative with Comments 0 Negative with Comments 0 Abstention Not Returned Fox, Debbie Watters, William J. Affirmative All Aiken, Douglas M. Ambrefe, William Berdan, Charles M. Carver, Christopher DiBernardo, Thomas Dornseif, III, Jay

38 34 of 319 2/23/ :56 AM Eisner, Jerry Facella, John A. Fosso, Kevin J Franklin, Jonathan Krizik, Mark Leese, Steve Leng, Minfei M. Lheureux, Scott Link, Jr., Kenneth J. Lombard, Christopher H. McClure, III, Nathan D. Milan, Carolina Y. Parrish, Thomas J. Sari, Toivo Simpkins, Keith D. Stauffer, Jr., Evan E. Strickland, III, Rex Verbil, Stephen Affirmative with Comment Richmond, Randy none

39 35 of 319 2/23/ :56 AM First Revision No. 147-NFPA [ Section No ] Box Circuit. A circuit that is connected to boxes that transmit an alarm to the communications center. Submitter Information Verification Submitter Full Name: Brian O`Connor Organization: National Fire Protection Assoc Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Thu Oct 27 16:19:48 EDT 2016 Committee Statement Committee Statement: Term is not used in the body of this document Response Message: Ballot Results This item has passed ballot 27 Eligible Voters 2 Not Returned 24 Affirmative All 1 Affirmative with Comments 0 Negative with Comments 0 Abstention Not Returned Fox, Debbie Watters, William J. Affirmative All Aiken, Douglas M. Ambrefe, William Berdan, Charles M. Carver, Christopher DiBernardo, Thomas Dornseif, III, Jay Eisner, Jerry

40 36 of 319 2/23/ :56 AM Facella, John A. Fosso, Kevin J Franklin, Jonathan Krizik, Mark Leese, Steve Leng, Minfei M. Lheureux, Scott Link, Jr., Kenneth J. Lombard, Christopher H. McClure, III, Nathan D. Milan, Carolina Y. Parrish, Thomas J. Sari, Toivo Simpkins, Keith D. Stauffer, Jr., Evan E. Strickland, III, Rex Verbil, Stephen Affirmative with Comment Richmond, Randy none

41 37 of 319 2/23/ :56 AM First Revision No. 71-NFPA [ Section No ] CAD Terminal. An electronic device that combines a keyboard and a display screen to allow exchange of information between a telecommunicator and one or more computers in the system/network. Submitter Information Verification Submitter Full Name: Brian OConnor Organization: [ Not Specified ] Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Thu Oct 20 18:56:42 EDT 2016 Committee Statement Committee Statement: Response Message: This definition currently exists, but it is unused and needs to be removed from the document. Public Input No. 143-NFPA [Section No ] Ballot Results This item has passed ballot 27 Eligible Voters 2 Not Returned 24 Affirmative All 1 Affirmative with Comments 0 Negative with Comments 0 Abstention Not Returned Fox, Debbie Watters, William J. Affirmative All Aiken, Douglas M. Ambrefe, William Berdan, Charles M. Carver, Christopher DiBernardo, Thomas

42 38 of 319 2/23/ :56 AM Dornseif, III, Jay Eisner, Jerry Facella, John A. Fosso, Kevin J Franklin, Jonathan Krizik, Mark Leese, Steve Leng, Minfei M. Lheureux, Scott Link, Jr., Kenneth J. Lombard, Christopher H. McClure, III, Nathan D. Milan, Carolina Y. Parrish, Thomas J. Sari, Toivo Simpkins, Keith D. Stauffer, Jr., Evan E. Strickland, III, Rex Verbil, Stephen Affirmative with Comment Richmond, Randy none

43 39 of 319 2/23/ :56 AM First Revision No. 72-NFPA [ Section No ] Call Detail Recording (CDR). A system that provides a record of each metadata for each call, including automatic number identification (ANI), trunk number, and answering attendant number, ; and the time of seizure, answer, and disconnect/transfer. Submitter Information Verification Submitter Full Name: Brian OConnor Organization: [ Not Specified ] Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Thu Oct 20 18:58:47 EDT 2016 Committee Statement Committee Statement: Revised definition to correspond with currently deployed CAD technology. Response Message: Public Input No. 144-NFPA [Section No ] Ballot Results This item has passed ballot 27 Eligible Voters 2 Not Returned 24 Affirmative All 1 Affirmative with Comments 0 Negative with Comments 0 Abstention Not Returned Fox, Debbie Watters, William J. Affirmative All Aiken, Douglas M. Ambrefe, William Berdan, Charles M. Carver, Christopher DiBernardo, Thomas

44 40 of 319 2/23/ :56 AM Dornseif, III, Jay Eisner, Jerry Facella, John A. Fosso, Kevin J Franklin, Jonathan Krizik, Mark Leese, Steve Leng, Minfei M. Lheureux, Scott Link, Jr., Kenneth J. Lombard, Christopher H. McClure, III, Nathan D. Milan, Carolina Y. Parrish, Thomas J. Sari, Toivo Simpkins, Keith D. Stauffer, Jr., Evan E. Strickland, III, Rex Verbil, Stephen Affirmative with Comment Richmond, Randy none

45 41 of 319 2/23/ :56 AM First Revision No. 164-NFPA [ Section No ] * Communications System. A combination of links or networks that serves a general function such as a system made up of command, tactical, logistical, and administrative networks devices, networks, applications, computers, and services. Supplemental Information File Name 1221_FR_164_A _FINAL.docx Description annex material Submitter Information Verification Submitter Full Name: Brian O`Connor Organization: National Fire Protection Assoc Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Nov 02 16:02:57 EDT 2016 Committee Statement Committee Statement: Response Message: The Technical Committee revised this definition to more clearly state what is meant by this term. Annex material also added for clarification. Ballot Results This item has passed ballot 27 Eligible Voters 2 Not Returned 24 Affirmative All 1 Affirmative with Comments 0 Negative with Comments 0 Abstention Not Returned Fox, Debbie Watters, William J. Affirmative All Aiken, Douglas M.

46 42 of 319 2/23/ :56 AM Ambrefe, William Berdan, Charles M. Carver, Christopher DiBernardo, Thomas Dornseif, III, Jay Eisner, Jerry Facella, John A. Fosso, Kevin J Franklin, Jonathan Krizik, Mark Leese, Steve Leng, Minfei M. Lheureux, Scott Link, Jr., Kenneth J. Lombard, Christopher H. McClure, III, Nathan D. Milan, Carolina Y. Parrish, Thomas J. Sari, Toivo Simpkins, Keith D. Stauffer, Jr., Evan E. Strickland, III, Rex Verbil, Stephen Affirmative with Comment Richmond, Randy none

47 A Devices can include telephones, radios, sensors, cameras, and any other instrument capable of capturing and communicating data. Networks can include both hard wired and wireless infrastructure. Applications can include computer programs that collect, aggregate, and disseminate information. Computers can be in any form factor including personal devices, tablets, laptops, desktops, servers, clusters, and main frame servers. Services can include private and commercially available voice and data transmission capabilities and applications as a commercially available service. A communications system can include multiple interconnected and integrated communication systems.

48 43 of 319 2/23/ :56 AM First Revision No. 5-NFPA [ Section No ] * Computer-Aided Dispatch (CAD). A combination of hardware and software that provides data entry, makes resource recommendations, and notifies and tracks those resources before, during, and after alarms events, preserving records of those alarms events and status changes for later analysis. Submitter Information Verification Submitter Full Name: Brian OConnor Organization: [ Not Specified ] Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Oct 19 14:16:15 EDT 2016 Committee Statement Committee Statement: Response Message: The use of "alarm" in this document is a artifact of 1221 when it was a fire alarm box standard and used strictly by fire departments. The change to a generic "emergency response" standard necessitates the change from "alarm" to "event" to make the standard more widely applicable to non-fire agencies. Public Input No. 36-NFPA [Section No ] Ballot Results This item has passed ballot 27 Eligible Voters 2 Not Returned 21 Affirmative All 2 Affirmative with Comments 2 Negative with Comments 0 Abstention Not Returned Fox, Debbie Watters, William J. Affirmative All Aiken, Douglas M. Ambrefe, William

49 44 of 319 2/23/ :56 AM Berdan, Charles M. DiBernardo, Thomas Dornseif, III, Jay Eisner, Jerry Facella, John A. Fosso, Kevin J Franklin, Jonathan Krizik, Mark Leng, Minfei M. Lheureux, Scott Link, Jr., Kenneth J. Lombard, Christopher H. Milan, Carolina Y. Parrish, Thomas J. Sari, Toivo Simpkins, Keith D. Stauffer, Jr., Evan E. Strickland, III, Rex Verbil, Stephen Affirmative with Comment Carver, Christopher "standard more widely applicable to non-fire agencies"- we have a concern with this wording. The intent should not be to expand the scope of 1221 to apply to non fire agencies but rather to improve the understanding of this standard and its terminology for those agencies that answer and process fire calls for service that may not be fire service managed or have a good understanding of fire service operations. Richmond, Randy none Negative with Comment Leese, Steve The proposed revision for NFPA 1221 are too vague and too broad and can be construed to include all aspects of Public Safety Communications. There are insufficient subject matter experts on the Technical Committee to change the standard so that it is "applicable to non-fire agencies" McClure, III, Nathan D. Again, wording is to broad and vague.

50 45 of 319 2/23/ :56 AM First Revision No. 54-NFPA [ New Section after ] Cyber Security. The vulnerability of any computing system, software program, or infrastructure to resist intentional interference, compromise, or incapacitation through the misuse of the Internet or public or private telecommunications systems, or similar conduct that harms interstate commerce or threatens public health or safety Data Security. Protection of the integrity of an organization s data resources to insure that they are available to support the mission and that the data is not compromised. Submitter Information Verification Submitter Full Name: Brian OConnor Organization: [ Not Specified ] Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Oct 19 23:10:05 EDT 2016 Committee Statement Committee Statement: Response Message: These new definitions are used to specify what is meant by Cyber Security and Data Security when used within the NFPA 1221 document. Ballot Results This item has passed ballot 27 Eligible Voters 2 Not Returned 23 Affirmative All 2 Affirmative with Comments 0 Negative with Comments 0 Abstention Not Returned Fox, Debbie Watters, William J. Affirmative All Aiken, Douglas M.

51 46 of 319 2/23/ :56 AM Ambrefe, William Berdan, Charles M. Carver, Christopher DiBernardo, Thomas Dornseif, III, Jay Eisner, Jerry Fosso, Kevin J Franklin, Jonathan Krizik, Mark Leese, Steve Leng, Minfei M. Lheureux, Scott Link, Jr., Kenneth J. Lombard, Christopher H. McClure, III, Nathan D. Milan, Carolina Y. Parrish, Thomas J. Sari, Toivo Simpkins, Keith D. Stauffer, Jr., Evan E. Strickland, III, Rex Verbil, Stephen Affirmative with Comment Facella, John A. I would revise cyber security to read "...intentional interference, intrusion, unauthorized monitoring, compromise..." I would revise Data Security to read "... data resources and networks..." Because we have now changed to ICT, are these terms still needed? If not, we need to ensure that the changes I suggest here are not lost and are part of ICT. Richmond, Randy none

52 47 of 319 2/23/ :56 AM First Revision No. 6-NFPA [ Section No ] Dispatching. See , Emergency Alarm Event Processing/Dispatching. Submitter Information Verification Submitter Full Name: Brian OConnor Organization: [ Not Specified ] Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Oct 19 14:16:38 EDT 2016 Committee Statement Committee Statement: Response Message: The use of "alarm" in this document is a artifact of 1221 when it was a fire alarm box standard and used strictly by fire departments. The change to a generic "emergency response" standard necessitates the change from "alarm" to "event" to make the standard more widely applicable to non-fire agencies. Public Input No. 37-NFPA [Section No ] Ballot Results This item has passed ballot 27 Eligible Voters 2 Not Returned 21 Affirmative All 2 Affirmative with Comments 2 Negative with Comments 0 Abstention Not Returned Fox, Debbie Watters, William J. Affirmative All Aiken, Douglas M. Ambrefe, William Berdan, Charles M. DiBernardo, Thomas

53 48 of 319 2/23/ :56 AM Dornseif, III, Jay Eisner, Jerry Facella, John A. Fosso, Kevin J Franklin, Jonathan Krizik, Mark Leng, Minfei M. Lheureux, Scott Link, Jr., Kenneth J. Lombard, Christopher H. Milan, Carolina Y. Parrish, Thomas J. Sari, Toivo Simpkins, Keith D. Stauffer, Jr., Evan E. Strickland, III, Rex Verbil, Stephen Affirmative with Comment Carver, Christopher "standard more widely applicable to non-fire agencies"- we have a concern with this wording. The intent should not be to expand the scope of 1221 to apply to non fire agencies but rather to improve the understanding of this standard and its terminology for those agencies that answer and process fire calls for service that may not be fire service managed or have a good understanding of fire service operations. Richmond, Randy none Negative with Comment Leese, Steve The proposed revision for NFPA 1221 are too vague and too broad and can be construed to include all aspects of Public Safety Communications. There are insufficient subject matter experts on the Technical Committee to change the standard so that it is "applicable to non-fire agencies" McClure, III, Nathan D. Another section that is too vague and broad.

54 49 of 319 2/23/ :56 AM First Revision No. 7-NFPA [ Section No ] * Emergency Alarm Event Processing/Dispatching. A process by which an alarm event answered at the communications center creates a call for service and is transmitted to emergency response facilities (ERFs) or to emergency response units (ERUs) in the field. Supplemental Information File Name 1221_FR_7_A _FINAL.docx Description annex material Submitter Information Verification Submitter Full Name: Brian OConnor Organization: [ Not Specified ] Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Oct 19 14:17:00 EDT 2016 Committee Statement Committee Statement: Response Message: The use of "alarm" in this document is a artifact of 1221 when it was a fire alarm box standard and used strictly by fire departments. The change to a generic "emergency response" standard necessitates the change from "alarm" to "event" to make the standard more widely applicable to non-fire agencies. Public Input No. 38-NFPA [Section No ] Public Input No. 71-NFPA [Section No. A ] Ballot Results This item has passed ballot 27 Eligible Voters 2 Not Returned 21 Affirmative All 2 Affirmative with Comments 2 Negative with Comments 0 Abstention Not Returned Fox, Debbie Watters, William J.

55 50 of 319 2/23/ :56 AM Affirmative All Aiken, Douglas M. Ambrefe, William Berdan, Charles M. DiBernardo, Thomas Dornseif, III, Jay Eisner, Jerry Facella, John A. Fosso, Kevin J Franklin, Jonathan Krizik, Mark Leng, Minfei M. Lheureux, Scott Link, Jr., Kenneth J. Lombard, Christopher H. Milan, Carolina Y. Parrish, Thomas J. Sari, Toivo Simpkins, Keith D. Stauffer, Jr., Evan E. Strickland, III, Rex Verbil, Stephen Affirmative with Comment Carver, Christopher "standard more widely applicable to non-fire agencies"- we have a concern with this wording. The intent should not be to expand the scope of 1221 to apply to non fire agencies but rather to improve the understanding of this standard and its terminology for those agencies that answer and process fire calls for service that may not be fire service managed or have a good understanding of fire service operations. Richmond, Randy none Negative with Comment Leese, Steve The proposed revision for NFPA 1221 are too vague and too broad and can be construed to include all aspects of Public Safety Communications. There are insufficient subject matter experts on the Technical Committee to change the standard so that it is "applicable to non-fire agencies" McClure, III, Nathan D. Same comment

56 A Emergency Alarm Event Processing/Dispatching. This term includes caller interrogation and resource selection (determination of which ERU will respond) up to the start of the ERF notification process.

57 51 of 319 2/23/ :56 AM First Revision No. 8-NFPA [ Section No ] * Emergency Response Facility (ERF). A structure or a portion of a structure that houses emergency response agency equipment or personnel for response to alarms events. Submitter Information Verification Submitter Full Name: Brian OConnor Organization: [ Not Specified ] Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Oct 19 14:17:22 EDT 2016 Committee Statement Committee Statement: Response Message: The use of "alarm" in this document is a artifact of 1221 when it was a fire alarm box standard and used strictly by fire departments. The change to a generic "emergency response" standard necessitates the change from "alarm" to "event" to make the standard more widely applicable to non-fire agencies. Public Input No. 39-NFPA [Section No ] Ballot Results This item has passed ballot 27 Eligible Voters 2 Not Returned 21 Affirmative All 2 Affirmative with Comments 2 Negative with Comments 0 Abstention Not Returned Fox, Debbie Watters, William J. Affirmative All Aiken, Douglas M. Ambrefe, William Berdan, Charles M.