4/12/2018. The Five Dysfunctions of a Team: How to Overcome Them. Learning Objectives. Rationale for Teams

Transcription

1 The Five Dysfunctions of a Team: How to Overcome Them Jonathan Rohrer, PhD, D.Min, Assoc. Dean SCS Learning Objectives Define the components of an effective team Summarize types of teams in healthcare and the impact of team function on patient care Recognize effective teams in healthcare Identify dysfunctional teams in health care Evaluate personal effectiveness as an ideal team player Rationale for Teams Research demonstrates that effective teams working together in high-intensity work environments make fewer mistakes than individuals The delivery of healthcare by a single professional is not effective in delivering health care today Effective teaming provides a better climate for wellness among health care providers 1

2 Effective Team Brainstorm Write down one word, one word only, on the most important characteristic of an effective health care team Share that one word with your neighbor and give them a rationale why you chose that word Definition of a Team Two or more people who act interdependently United by a clear, common purpose Working toward measurable outcomes Benefitting from leadership that maintains stability Encouraging honest communication and problem solving Definition of a Team- Negative Aspects Two or more people who act interdependently- Role Confusion in patient care United by a clear, common purpose- No common agreed goal for patient care Working toward measurable outcomes- No assessment of effectiveness in treating the patient 2

3 Definition of a Team- Negative Aspects Benefitting from leadership to maintain stability- Leader violates the team without attention to common goals and communication in patient care Encouraging honest communication and problem solving- An environment of blame and abuse in patient care Types of Teams in Healthcare Not all teams look alike in their function Teams are situational in the way that they function ( Situational Teaming ) There are transcending characteristics and values of all effective teams in health care Adaptability is crucial in situational teams Types of Teams in Healthcare Work Teams- accomplish tasks that are immediate in dealing with effective patient care Parallel Teams- address shared challenges in responding to patient needs Project Teams- limited purpose and function Management Teams- oversee other teams 3

4 Types of Teams in Healthcare The type of team and outcomes are influenced by setting and expectations Leaders help in clarifying expectations and providing stability in team function of situational teaming Characteristics of Effective Healthcare Teams Shared goals shared by the health care team Are goals shared clearly and understood by all team members? Is the patient a critical consideration in establishing goals? Clearly defined roles and responsibilities Do team members understand and respect each member s role and responsibility? Characteristics of Effective Healthcare Teams Effective Communication How do team members talk to one another about performance? How is conflict managed? How do team members encourage openness? Mutual respect and trust How do team members support one another? How do team members deal with failure? 4

5 Characteristics of Effective Healthcare Teams Effective Leadership Does the leader maintain stability of the team by assessing how the team is doing and communicating that to the team? Are team members working in a collaborative leaderful model? Emotional Intelligence (EQ) Does each team member possess social sensitivity? Absence of Trust Demonstrate vulnerability in communication Work to identify and understand the behavioral profile of individuals within a team Work continually to maintain trust- Trust is not what people give to you but what you enable in others in relating to you. Fear of Conflict Good conflict requires trust to share openly in debate Establish conflict norming- the ground rules for conflict Encourage conflict in finding solutions Identify the obstacles to diffuse conflict- issue definition, information, environment, relationship, individual obstacles 5

6 Lack of Commitment Provide clarity and buy-in for the goal and methods to reach the goal Avoid assumptions and assignment of motives Buy-in does not mean consensus; team members can disagree and still commit to a decision Avoidance of Accountability Willingness to confront peer to peer Leader must demonstrate a willingness to confront difficult issues Accountability resulting in confrontation is based upon agreed outcomes of the group, agreed standards, and commitment to the effectiveness of the team Inattention to Results A great team accomplishes the outcomes established A team must prioritize results over individual and departmental needs Teams mush continually rehearse and clarify desired outcomes 6

7 Three Virtues of An Ideal Team Player Humble- Placing priority on others and the team Hungry- Willing to take on extra work without being asked Smart- Emotional intelligence, a self-awareness, social awareness that transmits in to the ability to read people Smart Humble Hungry References Bannister, S, Wickenheiser, H, Keegan, D; Key Elements of Highly Effective Teams ; Pediatrics, Vol 133, No 2, February Beaulieu-Volk, D; Seven Qualities of High-Functioning Healthcare Teams ; Healthcare, April 10, Epstein, NE; Multi-disciplinary In-Hospital Teams Improve Patient Outcomes: A Review ; Surgical Neurology International, Vol 5, Hughes, AM, Salas, E; Hierarchical Medical Teams and the Science of Teamwork ; Virtual Mentor, Vol 15, No 6, June Grady, AL; Perceptions of Teamwork in the OR: Roles and Expectations ; Virtual Mentor, Vol 12, No 1. Lencioni, P; The Five Dysfunctions of a Team; 2 nd ed., Pfeiffer, San Francisco, 2012 Lencioni, P; Overcoming the Five Dysfunctions of a Team; Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, Lencioni, O; The Ideal Team Player: How to Recognize and Cultivate the Three Essential Virtues; Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, Lerner, S, Magrane, D, Friedman, E, Teaching Teamwork in Medical Education ; Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine, Vol 76, No 4, August Mayo, AT, Woolley, AW; Teamwork in Health Care: Maximizing Collective Intelligence via Inclusive Collaboration and Open Communication ; AMA Journal of Ethics, Vol 18, No 9, September Mitchell, P, et al; Core Principles and Values of Effective Team-Based Health Care. Institute of Medicine of the National Academies, National Academy of Sciences, Discussion Paper, Nancarrow, S, et al; Ten Principles of Good Interdisciplinary Team Work ; Human Resource Health, Vol 11 No 19, May Safford, B, Manning CA,; Six Characteristics of Effective Practice Teams ; Family Practice Management, Vol 19, No 3, Taplin, SH, et al; Organizational Leadership For Guiding Effective Health Care Teams ; Annals of Family Medicine, Vol 11, No 3, May/June