Joint Close Air Support Joint Test and Evaluation (JCAS JT&E) Testing With Training: A Success Story. Joint Test & Evaluation Purpose

Transcription

1 Joint Close Air Support Joint Test and Evaluation (JCAS JT&E) Testing With Training: A Success Story Col Maggie Brown Joint Test & Evaluation Purpose Answer CINC/Service nominated problems/issues Provides quantitative information used for analyses of joint military capabilities Assess Service systems interoperability in joint operations Evaluate and recommend improvements to joint technical and operational concepts 2 JCAS JT&E Charter Close Air Support Conduct a JT&E to investigate, evaluate, and improve the operational effectiveness of joint U.S. Close Air Support Determine the baseline effectiveness of joint Close Air Support Identify changes to TTP, equipment, and training to increase effectiveness Air action by fixed- and rotary-wing aircraft against hostile targets which are in close proximity to friendly forces and which require detailed integration of each air mission with the fire and movement of those forces. Joint Pub 1-02 Close does not imply a specific distance. The determining factor is the requirement for detailed integration because of proximity, fires, and/or movement. Joint Pub ACA BLUE 10,000 20,000ft JCAS JT&E Directors Attacking Aircraft Director Col Dave Brown, USAF F-4, F-117, F-106 Army Deputy LTC Bryan Campbell AH-64, AH-1, OH-58, Armor Ground Commander 5-7 KM s USAF Deputy Lt Col Scot Chiasson F-111,O-2, A/OA-10, ALO Ground Controller Artillery Air Liaison Officer Command Post USMC Deputy Maj James Quinn F/A-18D 6 1

2 JCAS JT&E Guidance JCAS JT&E Background General Officer Steering Committee (GOSC) Members National Training Center (NTC) Air Warfare Center (AWFC) Marine Corps Air Ground Task Force Training Command (MAGTFTC) Naval Strike and Air Warfare Center (NSAWC) Joint Staff, J8 representation Subject Matter Expert Seminar Maneuver, Fire Support, Terminal Control, and Aviation /1997 Feasibility Study 1997 JT&E Charter 1998 Mini Test 1/NTC Day CAS Field Test/NTC 2001 Day/Night CAS Field Test 29 Palms Feb 2002 Mini Test 2 Digital/NTC July 02, 2 year extension directed by JROC 8 JCAS JT&E Methodology JCAS JT&E Testing Focused mini-tests Field testing Deploy to Field Training Exercises Surveys of current operators Web based Professional gatherings JCAS SME Seminars JCAS Symposiums Variation from other JT&Es Testing with Training Multiple Data Collection Opportunities Observe Decision Makers Formalized agreements National Training Center (NTC)/Nellis 29 Palms 9 10 JCAS JT&E Methodology Venue Instrumentation Fully instrumented ranges at NTC/Nellis In-place systems TSPI, Digitize tactical communications No instrumentation at 29 Palms JCAS portable systems GPS TSPI, Digitize tactical communications Supplemented with Palm Pilot, VoiceIt, & GPS JCAS JT&E Data Collection Tactical Operations Center (TOC)

3 JCAS JT&E Data Collection JCAS JT&E Data Collection TACTICAL AIR CONTROL PARTY (TACP) AVIATION Soldiers NTC Battalion FLOT Squadron 1000 OPFOR JCAS JT&E Data Collection Post Battle Assessment Brigade Battalion Battalion Squadron Regiment Nellis AFB Aircraft - Tactical Operations Center - Tactical Air Control Party - Aviation: FAC(A) & CAS - JCAS JT&E Battlefield Assessment Team 16 Field JCAS JT&E Data Download Garrison Interim Observations 11 Maneuver brigades / 26 battalions 22 Battles Observed first two of each rotation Over 39,000 data elements 218 CAS Sorties 438 Weapon delivery attempts A joint training environment

4 TARGETS CAS TARGETS TARGETS Data Points JCAS JT&E Methodology Testing - 1 unit for 2 weeks JCAS JT&E Design Problem Statement Critical Operational Issue Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Test Issues Data Points Testing with Training - 6 units for 4 days ea. Analytical Test Venues Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Problem Statement JCAS JT&E Design RECEIVE HIGHERORDER JCAS Operational PLANNING PHASE MSN ANALYSIS STAFF ESTIMATE CDR ESTIMATE DECISION PREPARATION PHASE REHEARSALS MOVEMENT OBSERVATION Critical Operational Issue Operational Test Issues Read Order Determine: FS estimate prepared Commander s Facts COA development Concept Issue Assumptions War-game WARNO Limitations HPTL Specified Tasks HVT Implied Tasks Scheme of Fire Critical Tasks Observation Attack Guidance Matrix Target Selection Standards FSCMs/ACMs Priority of Fires Critical Fire Support Tasks Force Protection Receive Commander s Planning Guidance Prepare / Send JTAR Order FS Annex/Air Sup CAS Targets SEAD Marking Priority Precedence Update JTAR EXECUTION PHASE Maneuver Rehearsal Observers FAC / ETAC Fire Support Rehearsal FIST CAS Tgt List Reviewed R/S Observation Plan COLT Other CAS Tgt Description CAS Tgt Location and Altitude CAS Tgt Marking CAS Triggers Practiced SEAD Practiced FSCMs/ACMs Practiced Field Artillery PA & AOF VERIFY COMMUNICATIONS TOC / COC Observers S3 FSE FAC / FAC(A) AO/TACP FIST / ETAC S2 R/S COLT Targets NAI TAI Analytical EXECUTION TOC / COC TERMINAL CONTROLLER COORDINATION CAS TARGET ENGAGEMENT ASSESSMENT A logical representation that supports the resolution of the test issues with a process orientation Test Venues 21 LD / Defend NLT Battle Tracking : Friendly Units Synchronize DetermineType POF SEAD of Control Required FSCM/ACM Marks PositiveDirect S/A Threat FSCM/ACM PositiveIndirect Spot Reports Other Deconfliction / Coordination: Indirect (PA/GTL) Direct (SRDZ) Cross-boundary CAS Target Clearance of Fires Nomination CAS Routing CAS on station Aircraft Check-in with Terminal Controller Situation Update / Instructions TOC / COC Notified MFC Weapon Release Authority Target Designation CAS Brief CASAttack Begins FighterDepartIP Mark/SEAD Initiated Fighter ID Friends Fighter ID Target Weapons Release Weapons Delivery Attempt Begins PositiveControl Direct / Indirect Other Methods ReasonableAssurance Cleared Hot / Abort BDA/Assessment Further Instructions Re-attack Return to IP Depart JCAS JT&E Design JCAS Analytical Problem Statement Rotation Battle Critical Operational Issue Operational Planned Nominated Designated CAS Attack CAS Mission FAC(A) Mission Test Issues -Supports resolution of test issues -Includes conditions, variables, observations, Criteria, measures (MOP, MOE, MLM), and methods. Analytical Test Venues Test observations analytically model the CAS Process Test measures, conditions and variables are derived from the observations Sortie Weapon Delivery Attempt Weapon Release

5 NTC-IS NTC, Ft. Irwin Ground TSPI Sun Workstation Brigade Graphics COMBAT Database Query Field Testing Non-Instrumented Range GARMIN PALM III VOICE IT COMVERSE AWMDS GPS Data FM Digital Audio Nellis, AFB UHF VHF McDOUG UHF/VHF Digital Audio MCDARS HUD TACO COMBINED ENHANCED MCDOUG SPREADSHEET Operational Events Eglin, AFB JCAS JCAS Event Data Data Base Base Air TSPI 29 Palms Use same data collection package Same test measures Instrumentation package required Communications Air/Ground TSPI 26 Live Tracker/Logger IRIS 29 Palms Ground TSPI COMBAT IRIS Combines APRS, Data Logger, and COMBAT Database Query Transmitted Data Packets GARMIN PALM III GPS Data JCAS JCAS Event Data Data Base Base VOICE IT Microwave Relay Digital Audio UHF/VHF/FM/SINGARS McDOUG DARES UHF/VHF HUD COMBINED ENHANCED MCDOUG SPREADSHEET Air TSPI Operational Events Eglin, AFB Digipeater Vehicle-mounted box NMEA: National Marine Electronics Association standard for GPS output APRS: Automated Packet/Position Reporting System Radio Receiver Audio Output Sound card Computer w/ COMBAT Software Decodes, displays, and logs position information in real time. 28 Testing with Training Positives Operational Realism Scenario Players Multiple Testing Opportunities Cost Savings Instrumentation Legacy Testing with Training Limitations Non-Interference Issues Uncontrolled Variables Complex Reduction Trainers suspect Testers

6 Testing with Training Conditions for Success Professional Working Relationships Must do your homework Effective MOAs Testing... Noninterference with Training Identify Test Measures early-on Execute data collection with an operational mindset a must! 31 JCAS JT&E Legacy Products Baseline of joint CAS effectiveness (day & night) Instrumentation Enhancements NTC/29 Palms battle replay CD Recommended changes to joint CAS training, doctrine, and equipment Combined testing with training on a non-interference basis 32 OSD Joint Close Air Support (JCAS) Field Testing Real Time Tracking 29 Palms 3 vehicles tracked, 12 sec sample rate, 1200 baud data transmission, 2 digipeaters, data loggers used auto algorithm Coverage: approximately 3000 sq km (29 Palms Range) Future: move to 9600 baud packet radio - 12 sec sample rate => vehicles sec sample rate => vehicles To track more vehicles, lower sample rate and/or add more frequencies 202 Cherokee Ave. Eglin AFB, FL DSN: Data loggers capable of 1sec sample rate. By combining a GPS data logger and APRS, we are capable of reasonable situational awareness and accurate position logging. 34 On-going Actions JCAS JT&E Future Operations Digital Control Mini Test USMC Data Analysis AFRL Project Joint Pub Revision CAS CRD Fires MTT JROC ESC Begin closeout March 02 JT&E Final Report Sept 02 Lights Out Dec 02 JROC ESC Initiative SOF and Navy Baselines Conditions (Weather, Foliage, etc.) Digital / Standoff Targeting

7 JCAS JT&E Background Interim Observations Testing Began 98 Mini-test November 98 Day CAS Field Test March 99 Convened (3) GOSCs Symposiums JROC ESC 11 Maneuver brigades / 26 battalions 22 Battles Observed first two of each rotation Over 39,000 data elements 218 CAS Sorties 438 Weapon delivery attempts A joint training environment JCAS JT&E Design JCAS Analytical Problem Statement Rotation Battle Critical Operational Issue Operational Planned Nominated Designated CAS Attack CAS Mission FAC(A) Mission Test Issues -Supports resolution of test issues -Includes conditions, variables, observations, Criteria, measures (MOP, MOE, MLM), and methods. Analytical Test Venues Test observations analytically model the CAS Process Test measures, conditions and variables are derived from the observations Sortie Weapon Delivery Attempt Weapon Release JCAS JT&E Legacy Products JCAS JT&E Guidance Baseline of joint CAS effectiveness (day & night) Instrumentation Enhancements NTC/29 Palms battle replay CD Recommended changes to joint CAS training, doctrine, and equipment Combined testing with training on a non-interference basis 41 General Officer Steering Committee (GOSC) Members National Training Center (NTC) Air Warfare Center (AWFC) Marine Corps Air Ground Combat Center (MCAGCC) Naval Strike and Air Warfare Center (NSAWC) Joint Staff, J8 representation Subject Matter Expert Seminar Maneuver, Fire Support, Terminal Control, and Aviation 42 7

8 Garmin 12XL GPS Voice It Recorder Garmin 12XL GPS 8

9 NTC COMBAT Replay AWMDS Replay Palm Data Download Palm IDRL Capture McDoug 2000 HUD Data 9

10 29 Palms COMBAT Replay GPS Receiver Outputs NMEA string every second Data Logger Logs up to 170,000 track points various collection algorithms

11 Radio w/tnc Radio accepts GPS NMEA string via serial connection transmits APRS packet every 12 seconds. 61 Mic-encoder The mic-encoder can transmit APRS packets from any radio vice the Kenwood TNC radio