Ft. Sumter: April 12, The Border States. The War is On! 1/27/2010. Lincoln s Inauguration: March 4, 1861

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1 Lincoln s Inauguration: March 4, 1861 Lincoln s address: No conflict unless provoked Restoration of the union National debt? Territories? Monroe Doctrine? Ft. Sumter: April 12, 1861 Ft. Sumter still held by North Low on supplies Lincoln tried to send provisions Southern cannons began to fire Fort surrenders after 34 hours The War is On! Ft Sumter inflamed Northerners Many turned away Border States: Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland Naval blockade More Southern states leave Lincoln calls for 75,000 volunteers The Border States Virginia Arkansas Tennessee North Carolina On the North-South border Were slave-states May end up succeeding Crucial for both sides Would have doubled the manufacturing capacity of the South Huge supply of horses & mules Capital: Richmond, VA Union & Confederacy: 1861 The Border States Lincoln needed the border states badly: Moral persuasion Lincoln said the war was to save the Union, not free the slaves Methods of dubious legality Maryland, he declared martial law Sent troops to western Virginia and Missouri Suspended habeas corpus 1

2 The Native s Stance Most of the Five Civilized Tribes sided with the South Supplied troops Brother vs. Brother War often fought between families Most of the Plains Indians were pronorth Mountain men of west Virginia sent 50,000 to the Union Southern Advantages Interior Lines Did not have to win Most talented officers Robert E. Lee Thomas Stonewall Jackson Southerners experienced gunmen More military schools than North Rating the North & the South Sen. Crittenden Lincoln Northern Advantages More factories & manufacturing plants More food Stronger economy Larger population 22 mil to 9 mil More railroad lines Controlled the sea Railroad Lines in

3 Soldiers: North & South Dethroning King Cotton Would Europe Intervene? South believed need for cotton would draw England & others into the war Resources: North vs. South England & France had huge surpluses North sent confiscated cotton & food India & Egypt increased their production The South hoped for foreign intervention A split Union advantageous to Europe But their people were pro-north & anti-slavery Uncle Tom s Cabin King Wheat and King Corn Union captures a British steamer, the Trent, bound for Europe Some British-built sea vessels went to the Confederacy C.S.S. Alabama disrupts the Union blockade Two Confederate diplomats onboard captured Britain threatened war Prisoners released & tensions cooled Lincoln: One war at a time 3

4 Britain also had two Laird rams Warships that could destroy wooden Union ships and wreak havoc on the North U.S. threatens war, and Britain backs down and uses the ships for its Royal Navy III of France installed a puppet government in Mexico City Confederate agents near Canada plotted were trying to burn down American cities Several mini-armies (mostly British-hating Irish-Americans) sent to Canada Napoleon National Austrian South Archduke Maximilian emperor of Mexico power was weak in the Confederacy gave its states the ability to secede Getting Southern states to send troops to help other states was difficult Abe Breaks the Law Jefferson Davis not very popular Overworked Lincoln benefited from an established government Patience & humor Blockade Sent troops to Border States habeas corpus $2 million to private citizens for war Lincoln: Acts weren t permanent, & had to preserve the Union Confederacy s strong belief in states rights led its downfall Suspended 4

5 The Draft Congress passed a conscription law in 1862 Three-Hundred-Dollar men Many riots broke out New York City The Draft 90% of Union army were volunteers Bounties were later offered The South resorted to a draft a year before the North Large slave owners exempt Economic Stresses of War The Morrill Tariff Act, increased rates by about 5 to 10% War drove rates even higher Treasury issued greenback paper Very unstable and sank to as low as 39 cents per gold dollar Treasury also netted $2.6 billion in the sale of bonds Runaway Inflation in the South Inflation up to 9000% Just 80% in the North The National Banking System The National Banking System established a standard bank-note currency Banks could buy government bonds & issue sound paper money First unified national banking network since 1836 The North Prospers The North became more prosperous after the Civil War New factories had been formed Millionaire class Many suppliers used shoddy equipment 5

6 Standardized clothing sizes Petroleum Oil 1859 Edwin Drake drills first oil well in Titusville, Pennsylvania Women in the War McCormick s Reaper fees Millions Women take the jobs left behind by men going off to battle Others posed as men & became soldiers with their husbands Clara Barton and Dorothea Dix helped transform nursing South, Sally Tompkins ran a Richmond infirmary for wounded Confederate soldiers and was awarded the rank of Captain by Jefferson Davis A Crushed Cotton Kingdom The war ruined the South Transportation collapsed Supplies became scarce 12% of national wealth (30% previously) Per capita income was 2/5 that of North 2/3 of North before the war MOTTO With God As Our Vindicator 6