Outstanding Leadership and Brilliant Victory

Transcription

1 Outstanding Leadership and Brilliant Victory KOREA PICTORIAL, Pyongyang, DPRK 1993

2 I N their 5,000 years of history, the Korean people have more than once waged a heroic struggle against foreign invaders. But never before have they dealt such a fatal blow to such a powerful enemy through the singlehearted united strength of the leader, the army and the people and scored such a brilliant victory over him as in the Fatherland Liberation War (June 25, 1950-July 27, 1953). The great leader President Kim II Sung said: "The Fatherland Liberation War waged by our people was a fierce anti-imperialist, anti-us struggle against the allied forces of world reaction headed by US imperialism and a bitter class struuje against the enemies of th~ people." The US imperialists, who had harboured the wild dream of dominating the world with Korea as the springboard, instigated the south Korean puppet clique to launch a surprise armed invasion of the Democratic People s Republic of Korea at early dawn on June 25, 1950, in order to subjugate the Korean people. The US imperialists had a history of over 100 years of aggression and boasted of being the "strongest" in the world. But the Korean people had been liberated only five years before from the colonial yoke of Japanese imperialism, and the DPRK was less than two years of age. With a view to swallowing the DPRK up at one go, the US imperialist invaders hurled into the Korean warvast aitiled forces over two million strong, including one-third of their ground forces, one-fifth of their air force and the greater part of their Pacific Fleet, south Korean puppet troops and the troops of 15 of their satellite countries, along with over 73 million tons of combat equipment. Worse still, they resorted to the most atrocious and barbarous means of warfare ever known in history. The war forced upon them by the US imperialists was a severe trial to the Korean people. Under the outstanding leadership of President Kim II Sung, the anti-japanese legendary brilliant commander, however, the Korean people and the People's Army rose as one and won a great victory in the war. In order to liberate the country and the people from the yoke of Japanese imperialism, President Kim 11 Sung, the peerless patriot, in his twenties, on April 25, 1932, formed the Korean People's Revolutionary Anny in the forests of Antu and proclaimed a great anti-japanese war in the difficult condition of having no state base. He led the Korean people to victory in the anti- Japanese revolutionary war by employing Protean tactics of guerrilla warfare, and liberated the country on August 15, After liberation he lost no time in developing the revolutionary armed forces into the Korean People's Anny, the modern regular armed forces with all arms and services, with KPRA soldiers, who had been trained in the 15-year long great anti-japanese war, as the backbone. The KPA, which had inherited the anti-japanese revolutionary traditions, delivered a deadly blow to the US imperialist invaders and won a historic victory in the three-year Korean war, thereby shattering the myth of the US imperialists' "might". The US imperialist invaders, having suffered irretrievable military, political and moral defeats at the Korean front, found it hard to continue the war. Finally, on July 27, 1953, they fell to their knees before the Korean people and signed the Annistice Agreement. The historic victory of the Korean people in the war was only possible thanks to the outstanding guidance of President Kim II Sung, the great military strategist and ever-victorious iron-:-willed brilliant commander. The victory was a shining result of his Juche military thoughts and distinguished military art. On the basis of gie rich experience and diverse tactics he had accumulated and created in the days of the arduous anti-japanese armed struggle, he commanded operations and battles in each period and at each stage of the war employing unique Juche-based strategies and tactics and war methods suited to the actual conditions of Korea. Thus he defeated the US imperialists who had been making a show of their power, believing in their numerical and technical superiority. He united the army and people organizationally and ideologically for victory in the war. The great Juche idea and the Juche military thoughts he established were an ideological banner for the unity and cohesion of the army and people. J 't

3 The Juche idea showed that the popular masses were the masters of the war and that they had the power to win it. He said that the war was a sacred one to defend the worthy life and happiness of the people and to safeguard the freedom and independence of the country, and he educated the army and people in the spirit of independence, the spirit that they should solve for themselves all the problems which arose in the war. The soldiers and people armed with this idea rallied more firmly behind President Kim II Sung with one mind and will and fought heroically, dedicating themselves for the just cause at the front and in the rear. The soldiers fought like tigers in the raging flames on the River Raktong, during the difficult strategic retreat and on burning heights. As a result, they defeated the US imperialist army of aggression which had boasted of its technical superiority and which had employed the most barbarous war tactics. Thanks to the outstanding and seasoned leadership of President Kim II Sung, our revolutionary armed forces won a great victory in revolutionary wars against two imperialisms-japan and the United States-in a single generation and demonstrated the heroic mettle of the Korean people to the whole world. Today our armed forces have become a-match-fora hundred revolutionary army under the wise guidance of the respected Supreme Commander Comrade Kim Jong II who has perfectly embodied the Juche military thoughts and art of command of the President and who is developing and enriching them. Dear Comrade Kim Jong II has set up the slogan, "A-match-for-a hundred", first suggested by the President, as a major target in the building of an army and is putting it thoroughly into effect. He has put forward the slogan, "Let us fight devotedly for the great leader!" to meet the new demand of the developing revolution and the building of the army and is further developing the work of establishing the Party's monolithic systems of ideology and guidance within the army. He has intensified education in the Juche idea and armed all the servicemen with the revolutionary ideas of the leader, with the result that the People's Army has become a powerful army equipped with qualities as the army of the leader, the army of the Party and the army of the people. He has called those soldiers who fought well heroes and faithful in wartime and those soldiers who have trained well heroes and faithful in peace time, and he has put up the slogan, "Training is also a battle!" Upholding this slogan all the servicemen have powerfully conducted combat training and have grown into a-match-for-a hundred soldiers.with unique and superb tactics, great marksmanship and strong bodies. He has wisely guided the. work of modernizing the combat equipment of our revolutionary armed forces and fortifying the defences. He has seen to it that the combat equipment has been modernized by our own efforts and in our own style, in compliance with the conditions in the country. He has drawn up a great plan to raise the combat equipment of all the arms and services to the modern level simultaneously and put it into effect. As a result, the People's Army has become an invincible armed force with modern combat equipment. He has powerfully promoted the work of arming all the people, including the Worker-Peasant Red Guards and the Young Red Guards, with the result that the Korean people are fully prepared to frustrate immediately any attempt by the enemy to infringe on the gains of our revolution. He has made sure that the work of fortifying the nation's defences has been conducted on a whole Party, entire nation and all-people basis. As a result, impregnable fortresses protecting the men and their weapons from modem means of attack and smashing any enemy, however superior, have been built throughout the country, particularly in the front-line areas. Under the outstanding guidance of the great leader President Kim II Sung and the dear Supreme Commander Comrade Kim Jong II the KPA has become a revolutionary army, each member of which is a match for a hundred foes, with the result that a firm guarantee has been established for defending Korean-style socialism and hastening national reunification. 15

4 Armed Invasion by US Imperialism T HE US imperialists, having emerged as the chieftain of world imperialism, made their ambition of world conquest their foreign policy. The essen.<;:e of their Far Eastern policy was to make the Pacific a "lake of the United States", by s~bordinating Japan, Korea and China. The US imperialists, after occupying south Korea, made minute preparations--fpr an invasion of the northern half of Korea with the plan to convert the whole of Korea into a br~~gehead for their aggression in Asia and an important strategic base for their domination of the world. ' They'either re~~ilt or built military airfields and harbours all over south Korea and concentrated their troops and arms systematically in areas along the 38th parallel. _ They gave about 110,000,000 dollars in "military aid" in 1949 for the modernization of the south Korean puppet army. The US imperialists, having shipped vast armed forces into south Korea, began in 1949 to draw up a plan for provoking war against the northern half of Korea, based at the MacArthur headquarters. The warmonger Dulles went to south Korea and "inspected" the armed force of the puppet troops along the 38th parallel. Then he reexamined with the chief stooge, Syngman Rhee, and Sin Song Mo the plan for prpvoking the war. The great concentration of south Korean puppet troops along the 38th parallel aggravated the tension along the parallel. The DPRK Government took every step for the peaceful reunification of the country. Early in June 1950 the Central Committee of the Democratic Front for the Reunification of the Fatherland issued an "Appeal for the Promotion of Measures to Bring About the Peaceful Reunification of the Country" and sent it to a11 the democratic parties, public organizations and people in south Korea. In mid-june that year the Presidium of the DPRK Supreme People's Assembly adopted a resolution, "On Promoting the Peaceful Reunification of the Fatherland". The resolution proposed that the peaceful reunification of the country be achieved by unifying the DPRK Supreme People's Assembly and the "National Assembly" of south Korea into a single legislative body for the whole of Korea. The south Korean puppet clique, however, would not accept our serious proposals for peaceful reunification and ignored them. Then at dawn on June 25, 1950, they started the criminal armed invasion of the northern half of the country at the instigation of the US imperialists.

5 South Korean puppet troops advancing to the front line to occupy forward positions $ l Enemy gunners waiting for the order to start a war Dulles, a US imperialist warmonger, in a trench on the 38th parallel, checks the final plan for a war against the north An operational plan drawn up by US imperialist aggressors for the invasion of the north 17

6 M ORE than 100,000 puppet soldiers launched an attack all along the 38th parallel, intruding one or two kilometres deep into the territory of the northern half of Korea.Our country and people were faced with a grave danger. On June 25, 1950 the great leader President Kim II Sung called a meeting of the Political Committee of the Party Central Committee and an emergency Cabinet meeting and took decisive steps for a counterattack on the enemy, in the light of the prevailing situation. The following day he made a historic radio address, Go All Out for Victory in the War, in order to organize and mobilize all the people and the People's Army to struggle for victory in the war. In his radio address he made clear the aggressive aims of the US imperialists and their stooges in the war and the just nature of the war waged by the Korean people. Saying that all the country's strength must be mustered for victory in the war, he called upon all the people and the whole of thy People's Army to tum out as one in the sacred war to wipe out the enemy. He put forward militant tasks for winning victory in the war. He first emphasized that the People's Army officers and men must prove themselves brave and devoted in the just struggle to liberate the southern half of the country and reunify the country. He pointed out that the people in the northern half of the country must reorganize all their work on a war footing, make the rear an impregnable fortress, organize all-people,assistance to the People's Army and produce and supply all the materials and provisions needed. for the front. He called upon the people in the southern half of the country to render active assistance to the People's Army, intensify the guerrilla war in all parts to confuse the enemy's rear and attack and annihilate the enemy. He urged the officers and men of the "National Defence Army" to tum their guns on the enemy and join the nationwide struggle for the reunification of the country. President Kim II Sung's radio address became a banner making the Fatherland Liberation War an all-people, nationwide war. It also became a militant banner rousing all the people and officers and men of the People's Army to defeat the enemy and achieve final victory in the war.

7 Liberation of Seoul A combined unit of the KP1 dashes to liberate Seoul t~ ' )$.. The national flag of the DPRK flying high over liberated Seoul T HE combined units of the KPA frustrated the enemy's early attempt at invasion for two days after the start of the operation, dealing telling blows to the enemy and liberating several areas in the southern half of the country. The liberation of Uijongbu, the "gateway to Seoul", provided a favourable condition for a dash to Seoul. Seoul was the stronghold of the enemy where were situated government organs and the military command organs of the US imperialists and puppets. The US imperialist aggressors brought puppet troops, who were fleeing in the face of the powerful attack by the KP A, into the defence of Seoul. US warplanes bombed the KP A heavily so as to block its advance and US warships conducted bombardments at will along the east and west coasts. But nothing could check the advance of the KP A. The KP A combined units began a general attack on Seoul at dawn on June 28. Tank No. 312 closed in upon major enemy positions in combination with a small unit which entered Seoul first. The men from the tank hoisted a flag of the DPRK on top of the puppet "Capitol Building", in defiance of the enemy's stubborn resistance. 24

8 Other tanks captured prisons and released more than 8,000 patriots. An infantry combined unit and a small tank unit rushed into Seoul. The enemy was frantic. The street fighting was fierce. The enemy established direct-firing guns everywhere to prevent the KP A tanks from advancing and fired their machine guns from the rooftops and windows of buildings. The fighting grew fiercer. KP A units and small units formed storming parties. The members of the storming parties dashed into the enemy positions, resolved to die, if necessary, in an attempt to destroy the. enemy. Thanks to the unequalled bravery of the soldiers the enemy's fire positions were stormed and KPA units were able to advance. At 11 :30 on June 28 Seoul was liberated....

9 Liberation of Taejon People's Army soldiers rush into Taejon 26

10 A FTER the fall of Seoul the enemy proclaimed Taejon to be its "temporary capital". In a desperate attempt to defend Taejon, the enemy built strong defence positions there. When the defence positions along the River Kum, the "line of no retreat" which the US imperialists had intended to main- tain on the "honour" of America, crumbled in two days, the enemy concentrated his forces on the defence of Taejon. At the same time, he hastily moved the US First Cavalry Division, which had landed at Phohang, to Taejon. With an insight into the operational plan of the enemy the Supreme Commander President Kim II Sung mapped out original tactics for the encirclement of Taejon and commanded the battle. In accordance with his operational plan KP A units hit the enemy in the front and from the flanks, ensuring close cooperation among all units. Some units went deep to the rear of the enemy, swiftly making a detour southwards of Taejon and blocking the enemy's retreat and reinforcements. The enemy never imagined that KP A units would block his retreat by making a forced march of more than 40 kilometres at night. The order for a general attack was issued at dawn on July 20. Tanks and scouts dashed into the city that was enveloped in mist and seized major enemy positions. Tanks blew up the oil depots at Taejon Station and destroyed the enemy in the city. With the enemy in confusion, KP A combined units rushed to the city from various directions. The advance guard of the US First Cavalry Division was annihilated on its way to Taejon in an ambush by the KP A. The US 24th Division, renowned as an "ever-victorious division", which was defending Taejon was totally destroyed. Its Commander Dean was captured while fleeing in the disguise of an ordinary soldier by a young KPA soldier.

11 A meeting to form an organization of the Democratic Ye League of Korea in the liberated city of Chunchon T In Liberated Areas of South Korea HE People's Army liberated over 90 percent of the territory and 92 percent of the population of the southern half of the country in a little over a month after the war started. The great leader President Kim II Sung put forward tasks and ways for reconstructing the Party organizations and the organs of people's power, enforcing the agrarian and other democratic reforms and stabilizing the people's livelihood without delay in the liberated areas. He saw to it that many Party and state cadres and political workers were sent to the liberated areas to help the people who were enforcing democratic reforms. As a result, the work of reconstructing the Party organizations, government bodies and the working people's organizations, and of carrying out the agrarian and other democratic reforms was accomplished in a short time. Thanks to the agrarian reform 43.3 percent of the arable land in the liberated areas was confiscated and distributed free to more than 1,267,000 peasant households. Many popular policies, including the Labour Law and the Law on Sex Equality, were also enforced. The people in the liberated areas who had come to enjoy a genuine life for the first time under the people's democratic system rose as one in the struggle to create a new life and to win victory in the war. 30

12 - ' ~' their delight th Korean pea. sants President demonstr~te Kim II Sung t ou rece1 ving land from

13 Heroic Defence of Wolmi Island T HE US imperialists, having been driven to their final strongholds, the Taegu and Pusan areas, made desperate efforts to retrieve their dignity lost and achieve their initial aim at any cost. They shipped to the Korean front all their Pacific forces, ground, naval and air, as well as part of the Mediterranean Fleet, ground forces from the US mainland, large armies from their satellite countries, including Britain, France, the Philippines and Turkey, Japanese militarist forces and even their reserve fleet. While launching a "general offensive" along the line of the River Raktong with reinforced strength, they conducted a large-scale landing operation at Inchon. Company commander Ri Tae Hun, Hero of the DPRK, who fought heroically in defence of Wolmi Island

14 Battle to defend Wolmi Island In the operation, they mobilized several hundred warships, some 1,000 planes, over 50,000 soldiers, including the 1st Naval Division and the 7th Infantry Division of the 10th Corps and the puppet army. W olmi Island is situated in the sea off Inchon and the gateway to the city. On this island were one coastal artillery company with four guns and an infantry company of the KP A. From September 10, the U~ imperialists employed many planes and warships to conduct a devastating artillery and bombing attack in preparation of the landing on Wolmi Island. On September 13, they started the landing under the cover of more than 1,000 planes. The defenders at Wolmi Island fought self-sacrificingly and resolutely against the enemy. The island of merely one square kilometre was enveloped in flames and powder smoke. But the defenders did not yield. They fired their last gun until it, too, was destroyed. At about eleven o'clock on September 15, the cheers of the defenders rushing to the last, decisive battle rang out in the air above the country. They sank and damaged 13 warships, including three destroyers, and held up the landing for three days and thus gained for the main units of the People's Army precious time. 33

15 The Results of the First Stage of the War (June 25-September 15, 1950) Enemy soldiers killed, wounded or captured... over 237,000 Enemy combat equipment destroyed or captured Guns... over 1,100 Tanks and armoured cars Small arms... over 172,800 Motorcars over 4,300 Enemy aircraft shot down or damaged Enemy warships sunk or destroyed The US imperialist aggressors were crowded in the narrow areas of Taegu and Pusan, occupying over I 0,000 square kilometres, on the southeastern tip of Korea.

16 Map of First Stage of the Fatherland Liberation War June 25-September 15, 1950 I I I I -... TpkchonO ~ \OAnju v \ / jf OKanggye 0Hyesan ~ I I I ~ First Operation in First Stage: June 25-29, 1950 ~- Second Operation in First Stage: June 30-July 6, 1950 ~ Fifth Operation in First Stage: August 31-Sepcember 15, 1950

17 Soldiers of a unit of the KPA annihilating enemy in the area of Koksan under his cc Struggle by Second-Front Units in Areas under Enemy Control W HEN organizing the temporary retreat, President Kim II Sung, the ever-victorious iron-willed brilliant commander, put forward the policy of forming a second front behind enemy lines with the combined units of the KP A and of waging a struggle there using people's guerrilla units formed of patriotic people. In accordance with this policy, the combined units of the KP A which were conducting a strategic retreat from the line along the River Raktong, formed a strong second front and conducted vigorous military activities there. Taking advantage of the geographical conditions in the country and of the enemy's tactical shortcomings, they seized the initiative in battle and mowed down the enemy in all directions by employing superb and varied tactics. The second front units, in combination with the operations of the units at the main front, struck the enemy from the rear to cut off his supply route and swept away his soldiers and combat equipment. As a result, they created favourable conditions for the counterattacks of the main units of the KP A. 36

18 People's guerrillas crossing steep mountains to attack the enemy Commanders of the KPA and people's guerrilla army discuss a battle plan 37

19 The great leader President Kim II Sung drawing up a plan to bring about a radical change in the war situation 38 Counterattack I N an attempt to wind up their invasion before "Thanksgiving Day" in a blitzkrieg, the US imperialist aggressors made a dash towards the Rivers Amnok and Tuman along the main roads in the two directions of the east and west under the support of thousands of planes, tanks and guns and hundreds of warships.

20 i:j i.:! H~ -i~h H,t.. L!!.tii:f f;ijl-1 W.:.-! ;/::;,.;1'1.;o.. H'HM4 '1,J,.:_{ : i;; i:!~l.i.; I!~ ~ q:~ i?.j Ja!J,i.tf 1!! : :.-;- ;,; 'f:t~,j~':j :.;~,1:1.1-~ 4; ~ :~.., )'f 2:'.~~~,::~~.,~....,,.. '... ~\ ~~... ~ The Supreme Headquarters of the KPA during the Fatherland Liberation War (at the Kosanjin Revolutionary Site) In the crucial days of the temporary retreat, the great leader President Kim 11 Sung, the sublime military strategist, put forward the strategic policy of bringing about a fundamental change in the war, having understood the enemy's plan and its defects and taking into account the topographical features of our country. His policy was to beat off the enemy's attack decisively and go over to a counteroffensive in order to drive the enemy troops, which had intruded into the northern half of the country, south of the 38th parallel. It was also to make preparations for final victory in the war while annihilating and weakening the enemy forces ceaselessly. The US imperialists came in great force. But a crack appeared between their units in the eastern and western sectors of the front where mountains rise one above another, and his flanks moving along the main roads were exposed. So no coordinated action between the forces was possible. At the end of October 1950 President Kim 11 Sung called a meeting of the officers and generals assigned to the KP A Supreme Headquarters, at which he laid down the task of making preparations for a counteroffensive. In accordance with this, the combined units of the People's Army, together with units of the Chinese People's Volunteers, carried out strong counteractions to check the enemy's attack at the end of October and the beginning of November on the line north of the River Chongchon in the western sector of the front and in the areas of Hwangchoryong, Pujonryong and Orangchon in the eastern sector of the front. Having been foiled in his attempt by the counterstrikes of the KP A, the enemy launched a new "Christmas general offensive", claiming that he would finish the Korean war before "Christmas". On November 25 the combined units of the KP A, havingswitched over to a counteroffensive all along the front, cut the enemy forces in two, west and east, and then surrounded and annihilated the enemy. The KPA units wiped out the enemy's units in a large-scale encircling operation in the areas along the River Chongchon and on the shore of Lake Jangjin where enemy forces were concentrated and then continued their advance southwards. At the same time, the second front units of the KPA active in the vast area of the central part of Korea, reached the 38th parallel and cut off the enemy's retreat, thus foiling his attempts to form an intermediary defence line and bring in reinforcements. The combined units of the KP A followed the fleeing enemy troops and liberated the whole of the northern half of the country at the end of December. 39

21 T HE US imperialist aggressors, having been driven south of the 38th parallel, made preparations for a new offensive (the "autumn offensive"), while reinforcing their armies behind the screen of the ceasefire talks in order to recover from their repeated crushing defeats. Having seen through the enemy's design, President Kim II Sung, the peerless military strategist, ordered the strengthening of the defences along the entire battle line, particularly the defences in the area of Height Height 1211 was of great strategic importance. If the KPA were to surrender the height to the enemy, it would lose not only the Kumgang Mountains but also the area of Wonsan and, as a result, the enemy would be able to achieve his aim of landing on the east coast. Without occupying Height 1211, the enemy would not be able to break through the defence line of the KP A. For this reason, he mobilized huge forces _and vast amounts of combat equipm~nt to deliver an attack on the height. With the support of many planes, guns, and tanks, the enemy desperately "attacked in waves" over ten times a day, disregarding of deaths and injuries. Claiming the "greatest ever bombing" and "greatest ever shelling", he showered on the height 30,000-40,000 bombs and shells a day on average. The height was covered with flames, and was reduced in height by a metre. Rocks were turned to dust and the earth was scorched. Even squirrels climbed inside the tunics of soldiers to hide. But the heroic soldiers of the KPA were not to be daunted. By displaying unexcelled gallantry and mass heroism, they did not retreat even a step and dealt a heavy blow to the enemy. People in the rear, too, carried ammunition boxes and provisions to the height through the rain of bullets. The soldiers and people were united as one to fight the enemy. As a result, they smashed the enemy's "autumn offensive" and defended Height 1211 successfully. Ri Su Bok, DPRK Hero "I am a young person of liberated Korea. Life is precious. The hope of a bright futurt is precious, too. But my life, my hope ana my happiness are no more precious than the destiny of my fatherland. I will dedicatt my life and youth to my country. No ont else can enjoy such a precious life, such beautiful hopes and such great happiness. " 44

22 "I was wounded in the arms and legs. Nevertheless, I thought of taking revenge a thousand fold. I will display the unyielding fighting spirit of a member of the Workers' Party of Korea and an indomitable will trained for the sake of the leader and the Party." Kang Ho Yong, DPRK Hero " as long as my heart beats, my heavy machine gun will take revenge. Long live General Kim II Sung! Long live the Workers' Party of Korea!" Jo Kun Sil, DPRK Hero 45

23 46 Soldiers of the KPA attacking Height 3!

24 Battle on Height 351 H EIGHT 351 on the east coast of our country was of great strategic importance in the eastern sector of the front. If the enemy had occupied this height he would have been able to threaten the flank of the Korean People's Army, in combination with a unit landing on the east coast. If this height were to fall into the enemy's hands, the Korean people would lose the Kosong area of Kangwon Province and, on the other hand, if the KP A were to take it, it would be able to drive the enemy dozens of miles away. Therefore, the enemy had for a long time been fortifying their position on the height by making the fullest possible use of the latest military engineering techniques. Not satisfied with this, he made a variety of warships and a vast flying corps ready to provide support at any time. He regarded this line as an "impregnable fortress" and a "line of no retreat", claiming that he would never hand over Height 351, even if he had to hand over Seoul. On June 2, 1953 the combined units of the KP A were ordered to attack Height 351. Over 150 guns opened fire all at once. The KP A's accurate gunfire mowed down the enemy in groups and smashed their defences. The soldiers of the KP A launched an attack. The combatants of one unit rushed to the top of Height 351, the national flag of the DPRK flying at the head, while those of another unit feinted towards Height Enemy pillboxes for heavy machine guns protected by wire entanglements blocked the advance of KP A soldiers. Some KPA soldiers covered the entanglements with their bodies so as to allow others to cross over, walking on their backs. Other soldiers blocked the enemy's gun muzzles with their bodies to open a route for the attack. In a bid to halt their attack, the enemy rained down shells and bombs at random, mobilizing many guns, warships and planes. But, he could not stop the advance of the KPA soldiers. The combined units of the KP A captured the height in 15 minutes after they launched their attack. Soldiers of the KPA beating off the enemy's counterattack on Height

25 Upholding President Kim II Sung's on-the-s1 instructions workers produce many shells Workers at a clothes factory make uniforms for servicemen at the front 48

26 People carry shells and provisions to the front... I!! '-.,~ ",., Country wonien rise up to increase grain production during the war

27

28 T HERE was no difference between the front and the rear for our people fighting against the US imperialist aggressors. The people produced provisions and war supplies in large quantities in spite of the enemy's indiscriminate bombing and bombardments from warships, and transported them promptly to the front. Upholding the Party's slogan, "The struggle for food is a struggle for the country and for victory at the front", the peasants never suspended their struggle for increased food production in spite of the enemy's bombing and shooting. The women handled ploughs instead of the young men and husbands who were fighting at the front. They camouflaged the backs of cattle so as to plough the fields and dug shelters at the edges of paddy and dry fields so as to continue to sow and transplant rice. The workers built underground workshops and worked day and night to ensure wartime production. When the electric power supply was cut because of the enemy's bombing, they turned the conveyor belts with their hands in order to produce weapons and ammunition for the front.. In hearty response to the call of President Kim II Sung for the transport of war supplies to the front to be fully guaranteed, the railway workers rebuilt destroyed railways, bridges and roads, sacrificing themselves in the shower of shells, and promptly transported munitions to the front. In 1952 they reconstructed more,than 420 bridges, including those over the Rivers Taedong and Chongchon, and over 90 tunnels, and they laid more than 240 kms of railways. They ensured wartime transport so as to destroy the enemy, reconstructing damaged facilities without delay. Lorry dnvers carried provisions and ammunition promptly to the front, crossing steep mountains at midnight without lights, and transported various raw and other materials to factories and enterprises. Engine drivers transport war supplies under the enemy's bombing and bombardment 51

29 ' -I, W The great leader President Kim II Sung speaking before the faculty and students of Kim II Sung University (April 13, 1952) HEN fierce, bloody battles were raging at the front, President Kim 11 Sung, being convinced of victory in the war, recalled the students and teachers fighting at the front to universities so as to train national cadres for his great plan for the rehabilitation and construction of the country. In June 1951 President Kim Il Sung called a Cabinet meeting and got it to adopt the decision, "On the Preparations for the Opening of Schools at All Levels in 1951 ". In accordance with the order of the respected Supreme Commander, all university teachers and students were, by the end of December 1952, recalled from the front to continue with their educational work and studies. 15 universities and 54 specialized technical schools opened throughout the country, and at them the work of training national cadres was conducted on a full scale. In April 1952 President Kim 11 Sung left the Supreme Headquarters for a while to go to Kim Il Sung University which had been evacuated to a mountainous area, in defiance of the gunfire. There he delivered a historic speech before the faculty and students entitled, The Prospects of the Fatherland Liberation War and the Tasks of the University. He clarified the direction of postwar rehabilitation and construction and of research and study into gigantic nature-harnessing projects, as well as the ways and means tq train national cadres. He took care of the study and life of the students and saw to it that new quilts were provided for them who got just discharged from the front. In June that year he visited Kim Chaek University of Tech- 52

30 Main building of Kim II Sung University during the war (at the Paeksong Revolutionary Site) Students are called back to university by President Kim II Sung nology, the Central Party School, other universities and cadretraining centres, where he explained how national cadres should be trained. Encouraged by him, all the students made every possible effort to acquire scientific knowledge in the spirit of beating the enemy, overcom_ing hardships and difficulties under the slogan, "Study is also a battle!" 53

31 54 D URING the Korean war the US imperialist aggressors conducted the largest-scale and most brutal slaughter of people ever known in history. In order to recbver from their repeated defeats, they even committed the barbarous atrocities of using chemical and germ weapons, in gross violation of international conventions and human morality. Such atrocities are proved by the "order" issued to the soldiers of the. "UN Forces" by the Commander of the US 8th Army. He said: "Soldiers of the UN Forces!... Don't let your hands tremble even when those before you are children or old people. Kill them! In doing so you will be saving yourselves from catastrophe and fulfilling your duty as soldiers of the UN Forces." The US imperialists, having usurped the title of the "UN", committed the atrocities of shooting innocent people to death in groups, burning them to death and burying them alive. In South Hwanghae Province they killed more than 120,000 innocent people. In Sinchon County they killed over 35,000 patriots, old men, women and children. From the first days of the war they employed "scorchedearth tactics" and conducted indiscriminate bombing on the whole of the northern half of Korea. From the latter half of 1951 their destruction and atrocities were more vicious, in accordance with their "strangulation tactics". At the beginning of August 1952, Mark Clark, Commander of the US Far East Forces, published his "strike plan", saying that all the cities of north Korea "would be wiped off the map". Part of a city jn flames because of the US imperialists' bombin~ Following the announcement of this "strike plan", US bombers and fighters dropped 52,380 bombs on Pyongyang in In those days Pyongyang occupied no more than 52 square kilometres. So it meant that they dropped one thousand bombs for every square kilometre. 160 US planes dropped a total of more than 1,100 bombs a day on Kanggye in.the central northern part of Korea. During the war the US imperialists destroyed over 8,700 factories, 370,000 hectares of arable land, over 600,000 houses, over 5,000 schools, over 1,000 clinics and hospitals, over 260 theatres and cinemas and several thousand cultural and welfare service facilities. Cities and villages were reduced to ashes. In accordance with a germ warfare plan drawn up by the US Joint Chiefs of Staff, the US imperialists used germ weapons in _the Korean war in the winter of While they were fleeing from the areas in the north they had occupied temporarily, they spread smallpox germs there. In order to test the effectiveness of their germ weapons they used POWs of the KPA in the tests. In areas where the US imperialists had dropped germ bombs there were cases of pest, cholera and typhus which killed many innocent people. While using germ weapons at will, they committed the thrice-cursed atrocities of using chemical weapons at the front and its neighbours. In 1952 they used many chemical weapons and continued to use them by 1953.

32 Part of Pyongyang reduced to ashes by the US imperialists' bombing. (Top photo shows Pyongyang before the war) t of the Red Cross Hospital destroyed by US imperialists' indiscriminate bombing Destroyed blast furnace 55

33 Voices of the World ''US Imperialists, Take Hands off Korea!'' T HE revolutionary people of the world condemned and rejected the US imperialist aggressors for unleashing a war in Korea and committing barbarous atrocities, and raised voices of solidarity with the Korean people in their struggle. The people of the socialist and people's democratic countries fully supported the Korean people in their just cause and gave positive moral and material aid to them in their life-anddeath struggle against the aggressors. These countries issued government statements to oppose and protest against the US imperialists who provoked the Korean war and condemned their inhuman atrocities. Through many international conferences, mass rallies and radio broadcast and publications they strongly demanded them to leave Korea alone. In addition, they widely propagated the news of the struggle of the Korean people and sent people's delegations and consolation teams to Korea to support and encourage its people in their heroic struggle. They also formed "committee for aiding Korea", "committee for the relief of Korean war victims" and other organizations to support the Korean people in an all-people movement. They formed "Kim II Sung Brigades" arid "Korea Brigades" and, through them, overfulfilled their production plans to send a great deal of aid funds and support materials to the Korean people. In particular, the Chinese people sent their excellent sons and daughters as volunteers to the Korean front under the banner of "Resist US aggression and aid Korea, protect our homes and defend our motherland'', and helped the Korean people with blood. Fact-finding groups from the Women's International Democratic Federation, from the International Association of Democratic Lawyers and that consisting of progressive scientists from around the world came to Korea and conducted detailed investigations into the germ atrocities and other murderous acts committed by the US imperialists and. sent reports, appeals and official bulletins and letters of protest to international organizations, the governments of many countries and people from all walks of life. They were unanimous in saying that the indiscriminate bombardment, mass slaughter and germ atrocities committed by the US imperialists were planned and that they should be punished under international law, and strongly demanded that the US imperialists stop their atrocities and leave Korea at once. The southeast Asian people, including those of Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia, stepped up their armed struggle. against the imperialists and so supported the just struggle of the Korean people. Japanese and Australian workers refused to transport war materials for the US imperialist aggressors, and the peace-loving people of the European capitalist countries staged demonstrations, shouting the slogan "US imperialists, hands off Korea!" Workers and young people and students in Paris held demonstrations in front of the US embassy in Paris, scattering appeals and resolutions telling the US imperialists to halt at once their aggressive acts in Korea. The people of the United States also waged a struggle against the aggression of the US imperialists in Korea under the slogan, "US imperialists, hand!! off Korea!" The progressive people of Latin America, including Cuba, frustrated the schemes of their reactionary rulers who tried to offer young people as the hired troops of the US imperialists. The young people of India and other Asian countries conducted a movement to petition to be allowed to go to the Korean front to suppor. the Korean people in their struggle. Progressive political parties, organizations and individuals from many countries around the world issued statements, declarations and speeches to denounce the aggression by the US imperialists and sent the Korean people letters of support in their struggle, medical equipment, medicines and other aid materials. As a result, the US imperialists were further isolated and rejected internationally and international solidarity with the Korean people grew stronger with each passing day.

34 Participants in a conference of the World Peace Council condemn the US imperialists' war of aggression in Korea and support the Korean people in their heroic struggle Members of a fact-finding group from the International Association of Democratic Lawyers investigating the germ atrocities committed in Korea by the US imperialist aggressors (March 1952) 57

35 Beijing citizens in a demonstration to support the campaign to "Resist US aggression and aid Korea, protect our homes and defend our motherland"... Commanding officers of the KPA and the Chinese People's Volunteers make battle preparations Chinese fighters attack the enemy mercilessly

36 Enemy soldiers killed, wounded or captured... 1, 567,128 Ofwhich: - US imperialist soldiers of aggression ,498 South Korean puppet army soldiers... 1,130,965 Soldiers from US satellite countries... 30,665 Combat and technical equipment and materials Aircraft captured... : shot down....5, 729 damaged... 6,484 Tanks captured destroyed....2,69() Armoured cars captured destroyed... AS Motorcars captured... 9,239 destroyed... A,111 Warships sunk.or destroyed Guns captured ,321 ~estroyed... 1,37 4 Small arms captured ,152 Miserable fate of the US imperialist agg'ressors hit hard by the heroic Korean people 59