Occupant Protection. Problem Identification. U.S. vs. Washington Traffic Fatality Rates

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1 Occupant Protection Problem Identification Washington has consistently been a national leader on seat belt use. Since the adoption of Click It or Ticket, and the primary enforcement seat belt law in 2002, Washington has had one of the highest rates of seat belt use in the country. Unrestrained vehicle occupant fatalities were reduced by 29.7% in 2009 through However, fatality reductions for children in the 2009 through 2011 time period did not see the same commensurate improvement. In 2011, 98 unrestrained occupants died on Washington roads, and this coupled with the collision death rate at night is at least three times higher than during the day. The occupant protection usage rate in Washington State is determined by seat belt usage surveys conducted on the state s highways by the WSP and Washington Department of Transportation. National seat belt rate was at 86% while Washington State was at 96.9% in In 2012, seat belt use in the United States ranged from 66.5% to 96.6% in Washington U.S. vs. Washington Traffic Fatality Rates (per 100M Vehicle Miles U.S. Fatality Rate WA Fatality Rate Law Enforcement Challenge 1

2 Occupant Protection Planning In conjunction with the Washington State Strategic Highway Safety Plan, the WSP continues to make unrestrained vehicle occupants a priority by making the reduction of fatal and injury collisions its top priority. Addressing unrestrained occupants is one of the key factors in impacting these collisions. The WSP s strategic plan to address unrestrained drivers is to emphasize our troopers focus on fatal and serious injury collision factors, to include unrestrained occupants. Additionally, targeted enforcement on these specific violations is accomplished by occupant restraint saturation patrols coupled with emphasis patrols. Throughout the state, each district s operational plan for 2013 identifies the importance of reducing the unrestrained fatal collision victims based off collision data. Collision and Traffic Stop Data Provided to WSP Districts Law Enforcement Challenge

3 Occupant Protection Then, appropriate strategies are defined, depending on each region s characteristics, to support the agency s goals. Below is an example of one of the district s 2013 operational plans. Training During Trooper Basic Training, the Academy trains each trooper cadet in various traffic enforcement subjects, including basic occupant protection. In 2013, 62 trooper cadets received training on occupant protection, to include proper child restraint methods. Public Information & Education As noted in the speed awareness section, the WSP utilizes a wide approach in providing public information and educational resources on traffic safety topics. More specifically in regards to occupant protection, the WSP has partnered with the Washington Traffic Safety Commission (WTSC) through their Target Zero managers in 22 local communities throughout the state for information and education efforts. Banners, posters, flyers, law enforcement ride alongs provided by troopers, and press events to encourage media publicity are examples of the efforts made in 2013 between the WSP and the WTSC Law Enforcement Challenge 3

4 Occupant Protection Enforcement In 2013, troopers actively patrolled for 732,921 hours enforcing all violations, to include occupant protection violations. In 2013, troopers worked just over 2,500 hours with grantfunded overtime, which was designated for enforcement within specified safety corridors or to specifically target occupant protection violations. Based off of the focused enforcement plan, troopers cited 45,022 seat belt violators, representing a 4% increase over Out of all seat belt contacts, nearly 7,000 violators were cited for children not wearing restraints an increase of 12% and this highlights the efforts by troopers to support the state s strategic plan. Seat Belt Citations 46,000 45,000 45,247 45,022 44,000 43,359 43,182 43,449 43,000 42, Source: WSP Time and Activity System (TAS) Occupant Restraint Violations 2013 Safety Belt Arrests 45,022 Safety Belt Warnings 6,911 Child Restraint Arrests 3,158 Child Restraint Warnings 967 Special Emphasis Violations 2013 Safety Belt Arrests 2,717 Safety Belt Warnings 427 Child Restraint Arrests 49 Child Restraint Warnings 95 Nighttime Occupant Restraint Violations 2013 Safety Belt Arrests 9,195 Child Restraint Warnings 1,146 Emphasis Hours Total Overtime Hours Night Time Seat Belt Emphasis 2, Child Car Seat Source: WSP Time and Activity System (TAS) Law Enforcement Challenge

5 Occupant Protection Outcomes For follow up, the WSP Strategic Advancement Forum (SAF) process is conducted on a bimonthly basis where it provides a management framework that allows the agency to examine the activities, progress, and challenges towards executing operational plans and accomplishing traffic safety goals. There were 88 fatal collisions involving unrestrained occupants. This outcome is a direct result of the WSP s effort in enforcing and educating motorists on occupant protection, which is a 23% reduction of unrestrained victims from Unrestrained Fatalities Source: Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) Incentives and Recognition Troopers are recognized for their dedication and efforts in this area of traffic safety. The number of top performing troopers in occupant restraint enforcement for 2013 is: Award Description No. Awarded Chief s Award for Professional Excellence Bureau Commendation and Chief s Coin Chief s Coin 500 or more adult or child restraint contacts with an 80% or better enforcement rate 400 to 499 adult or child restraint contacts with an 80% or better enforcement rate 300 to 399 adult or child restraint contacts with an 80% or better enforcement rate Law Enforcement Challenge 5

6 Occupant Protection Troopers were recognized by the Washington Traffic Safety Commission for their work within the Click It or Ticket program within Washington State. The certificates are just two of which troopers received throughout the state Law Enforcement Challenge

7 Occupant Protection Policies WSP Occupant Protection Policies Source: WSP 2013 Regulation Manual 2013 Law Enforcement Challenge 1

8 Occupant Protection Policies Washington State Strategic Highway Safety Plan 2013 (see next page for Objectives & Strategies) Law Enforcement Challenge

9 Occupant Protection Policies Washington State Strategic Highway Safety Plan 2013 Objectives & Strategies 2013 Law Enforcement Challenge 3

10 Occupant Protection Policies Washington State Patrol Strategic Plan Agency Priority Law Enforcement Challenge

11 Speeding Problem Identification Washington State s Strategic Highway Safety Plan for 2013 identified speed as a level one priority where it is a contributing factor in 39% of fatal traffic collisions. Speed is the third most common factor contributing to fatal and serious injury collisions. Although Washington State s speeding fatalities have been declining since 2006, speeding is still involved in approximately 35% of fatalities. For example, in 2010, speeding was involved in 36% of fatalities; in 2011, in 36% of fatalities; and in 2012, in 35% of all fatalities. Speed vs. All Fatalities data not available All Fatalities Speed Fatalities Source: Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) Speed Related Collisions Source: WSP Time and Activity System (TAS) 2013 Law Enforcement Challenge 1

12 Speeding In addressing speeding problems within local communities, district commanders throughout the state received input from community partners, collision causation analysis, and external data sources from the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT). Speed surveys are conducted by WSDOT, where speed monitoring equipment records traffic volume and the number of vehicles traveling over the post speed limit. Below is speed survey data from the second quarter of 2013: Posted Speed Limit Roadway Type Volume Observed # of Vehicles Above Speed Limit % Above Posted Speed Limit 70 MPH Non interstate highways 3,034,265 1,716, % 70 MPH Interstate highways 47,141,260 24,665, % 65 MPH Non interstate highways 400, , % 60 MPH Non interstate highways 15,796,141 11,541, % 60 MPH Interstate highways 125,122,376 76,182, % Washington State Speed Survey (2nd Quarter, 2013) Source: Washington State Department of Transportation Planning The WSP s Strategic Plan for specifies the goals and priorities for the agency. Goal #1 is to make Washington roadways and ferries safe for the efficient transit of people and goods, and sub goal 1.1 is to reduce serious injury and fatality collisions on state routes and interstates by 4% Law Enforcement Challenge

13 Speeding Additional planning is conducted at each of the WSP s district headquarters to support the agency s plan. Below is an example of a district s operational plan for this area: This additional planning was also based on further analysis of collision data within a district s given area of responsibility. This analysis includes the use of Geographic Information System (GIS) technology and a number of data sources. The image below is an example of this collision data: Example: Geographic Information System (GIS) Image WSP District 5 (Vancouver Area) 2013 Law Enforcement Challenge 3

14 Speeding These operational plans support the Washington State Strategic Highway Safety Plan for Speed was identified as a priority level one violation by the plan where it is the third most common factor contributing to fatal and serious injury collisions. The Washington State Strategic Highway Safety Plan identified the objectives, strategies, and implementation areas to address speed collision causing factors. Training In 2013, 62 new troopers received eight hours of training in the proper operation of speedmonitoring devices such as radar and LIDAR, along with aviation speed enforcement and vehicle pacing. Additionally, 1,203 commissioned personnel received one hour of refresher training on the operation of speed monitoring devices. Public Information & Education The WSP utilizes a wide approach in providing public information and educational resources on traffic safety topics. As for speed related issues within traffic safety, the WSP leverages local media sources, social media, and partnerships with the Washington Traffic Safety Commission, military services, and service groups. Troopers partnered with the Washington State Auto Dealers Association and Comcast to produce three 30 second Public Service Announcements (PSAs) for cable broadcasts statewide. These PSAs were focused on various subjects, including a segment on speeding teen drivers. The decision on which PSAs to create was based on the amount of feedback and complaints WSP received from citizens about the poor driving behavior of fellow motorists. Troopers leverage a long standing relationship with the U.S. Navy in the Puget Sound region. When the U.S.S. Nimitz returned from a nine month deployment to its home Law Enforcement Challenge

15 Speeding port in Everett, troopers briefed over 1,500 returning sailors about traffic safety and to not make reckless decisions, such as speeding, not wearing a seat belt, or driving under the influence once they return home. Enforcement WSP You Tube Channel In 2013, troopers actively patrolled for 732,921 hours enforcing all violations, to include speeding. Troopers only worked just over 500 hours with grant funded overtime, which was designated for enforcement within specified safety corridors. Entire Agency Violations 2013 Speed Arrests 290,154 Speed Warnings 162,063 Special Emphasis Violations 2013 Speed Arrests 3,409 Speed Warnings 5, Law Enforcement Challenge 5

16 Speeding Outcomes Speed related fatal collisions decreased by 3% in 2012 and decreased by an additional 3% in Within Washington State, speed related fatal collisions decreased 24% over the last five years between 2008 and ,000 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 0 Speed Related Collisions 12,035 11,654 10,925 10,610 9, ,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1, Speed Related Injury Collisions 2,714 2,635 2,654 2,512 2, Speed Related Fatal Collisions Source: WSP Time and Activity System (TAS) Law Enforcement Challenge

17 Speeding Incentives and Recognition Troopers are recognized for their dedication and efforts in this area of traffic safety. The number of top performing troopers in speed enforcement for 2013 is: Award Chief s Award for Professional Excellence Bureau Commendation and Chief s Coin Chief s Coin Description 2,000 or more speed contacts with a 55% or better enforcement rate; for motorcycle officers, 3,000 or more speed contacts with 85% or better enforcement rate 1,500 to 2,999 speed contacts with a 55% or better enforcement rate; for motorcycle officers, 2,400 to 2,999 speed contacts with 85% or better enforcement rate 1,200 to 1,499 speed contacts with a 50% or better enforcement rate; for motorcycle officers, 2,000 to 2,399 speed contacts with 85% or better enforcement rate No. Awarded Law Enforcement Challenge 7

18 Speeding Policies WSP Speed Measuring Devices (RADAR and LIDAR) Policy Source: WSP 2013 Regulation Manual 2013 Law Enforcement Challenge 1

19 Speeding Policies Washington State Strategic Highway Safety Plan 2013 Objectives & Strategies Law Enforcement Challenge

20 Speeding Policies Washington State Patrol Strategic Plan Agency Priority Law Enforcement Challenge 3

21 Speeding Policies Example: Washington State Patrol District 7 Operational Plan Law Enforcement Challenge

22 Target Zero Teams (TZT) Problem Identification In 2000, Washington was the first state in the nation to set the aggressive goal of Target Zero, which is to have zero traffic deaths and serious injuries by Target Zero is a detailed roadmap that coordinates the efforts and funding of all traffic safety organizations across Washington State, uses the most effective strategies, and tracks progress toward the ultimate goal of zero traffic deaths or serious injuries by The below chart shows that the number one cause of fatality collisions was impaired driving. Washington State Fatalities Serious Injuries Priority 1 Number % of Total Number % of Total Alcohol and/or Drug Impaired Driver % 1, % Run Off the Road % 2, % Speeding Involved % 2, % Young Driver Age Involved % 2, % Distracted Driver Involved % % Intersection Related % 2, % There were 631 total traffic deaths in Washington State, of which 270 (42%) were caused by an impaired driver. In 2009, there were 542 total traffic deaths, of which 265 (54%) were caused by an impaired driver. Although the total traffic deaths decreased by 23%, the impaireddriving related fatal collisions increased by 12%. In order to reach our goal of zero deaths or serious injuries by 2030, a new strategy was needed Target Zero Teams (TZT). TZTs are high visibility, data driven, targeted DUI enforcement partnerships between the WSP, Washington Traffic Safety Commission (WTSC), local law enforcement agencies, prosecutors, local traffic safety task forces, and the Washington Liquor Control Board (LCB). Planning A partnership was developed with the Washington Traffic Safety Commission (WTSC) to fund a TZT pilot project with grant monies. Each TZT team consisted of a sergeant and six troopers whose sole purpose is to identify, arrest, and prosecute as many impaired drivers as possible. TZT teams drive specially marked patrol cars (please see photograph 1, which is the phase I TZT patrol car, and photograph 2, which is the phase II TZT patrol car, on the next page). Each patrol car is outfitted with digital cameras, moving Bee III radar, and SECTOR (Statewide Electronic Collision and Ticket Online Records) computers to enhance the team s capabilities to do their jobs Law Enforcement Challenge 1

23 Target Zero Teams (TZT) Phase I of the project was launched on July 1, 2010, and ran through June 30, 2012, in King, Pierce, and Snohomish counties. These counties represent 51% of the state s population and account for over one third of all of the state s traffic deaths. The project used geo coded crash data, 911 calls from citizens reporting DUI/erratic drivers, and liquor violations from the Liquor Control Board to determine target areas that need patrols. The teams keep the public aware of their efforts through both earned and paid media events designed to garner attention and enhance deterrence. Phase I s goal was to save 80 lives over the two year project. Phase I was credited with saving 109 lives by the WTSC (see chart in Outcomes portion), which is a crash cost avoidance savings of $675,800,000. The three TZT teams also contributed $14,839,843 in traffic fines. At the conclusion of phase I, due to the remarkable success of the three TZT teams, the Washington State Legislature provided permanent funding to continue their life saving efforts. Once again, the WSP partnered with the WTSC to provide funding to establish two additional TZT teams in more rural areas, which had historically experienced significant impaired driving fatalities and serious injury collisions. The two new TZT teams are based in Spokane and Yakima counties, which will be phase II of the project (see the map below, which shows the county locations for phases I and II) Law Enforcement Challenge

24 Target Zero Teams (TZT) Phase II was launched on July 1, 2013, and will run through June 30, Phase II will use the same proven strategies and best practices as phase I to bring the state ever closer to our goal of zero traffic deaths or serious injuries by Target Area Creation Phase I Using the guidelines set forth in the Data Driven Approaches to Crime and Traffic Safety (DDACTS), analysts used a kernel density estimate analysis (KDE) to determine target areas. Analysts used impaired fatal collisions between the years of 2005 and 2009 from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) for the input dataset in their KDE analysis. Using a Jenks Natural Break method, the KDE was classified into low, medium, and high density areas. After classification, analysts selected the high density areas and recorded the number of impaired fatal collisions within each area. Subject matter experts then required each target meet a threshold number of three for inclusion as a target area. Analysts applied this technique independently within King [1], Pierce [2], and Snohomish [3] counties (see the below TZT maps for each team) Phase II After completing phase I of the project, analysts developed a more robust target area identification method. This technique encouraged analysis based on measurable values, a larger sample, and multiple scales. A five year sample of data from FARS and the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) Collision Location Analysis System (CLAS) went into the methodology. These dataset were broken down based upon specific patrol times and aggregated into point and area totals. Next, analysts conducted a spatial autocorrelation analysis to determine possible clustering distances between scales. After obtaining a statistically significant clustering distance at both scales, analysts identified statistically significant hot spots, cold spots, and spatial outliers using the Anselin Local Moran s statistic. After applying this technique, meetings between analysts and traffic safety personnel took place, ensuring proper selection of target areas. Analysts applied this technique going forward 2013 Law Enforcement Challenge 3

25 Target Zero Teams (TZT) after This was the primary technique used for target area selection in Yakima [4] and Spokane [5] counties (see the target area maps below for each team). 4 5 All TZT troopers are relieved of their normal assignments as WSP troopers to enable them to focus on impaired driving enforcement. WSP analysts provide each TZT team a breakdown with date, time, and locations of stops so the TZT sergeants can deploy their troopers to the areas and times when violations are most likely to occur. The TZT teams in phase I patrolled mainly between 1800 hours and 0400 hours Wednesday through Saturday nights. Due to the rural counties involved in phase II, Yakima s TZT Team is providing 7 day coverage to better address the impaired driving issues. The WSP TZT operational plan is based off of the state s Strategic Highway Safety Plan. All TZT teams support the plan by concentrating on the WTSC priority level one area of removing impaired drivers. Training All members of the TZT teams are graduates of the Advanced Roadside Impaired Driving Enforcement training, and some of them are Drug Recognition Experts (DRE). The teams always have a DRE that can be called out to assist in any drug impaired investigation. Public Information & Education Target Zero Teams have an aggressive media plan that is directed at the specific problem areas, with earned and paid media coverage. Through the work of local coordinators, media releases, media ride alongs, metro bus ad space, and portable electronic reader boards have been utilized to inform and educate the public about TZT. Below are a few of the earned and paid media events along with partnerships that were formed as illustrated by the following photographs/screen shots: Law Enforcement Challenge

26 Target Zero Teams (TZT) 1. TZT billboard that was placed at a raceway in Snohomish County. 2. TZT window cling that was placed at mini marts on beer coolers. The Target Zero Teams formed partnerships with their local Target Zero Managers to get these placed in the mini marts. 3. TZT coasters that were distributed by the Liquor Control Board to local bars. 4. TZT advertisement on a semi trailer, which was a result of a partnership with the Washington Trucking Association. 5. Screen shot of the TZT Facebook page. 6. Screen shot of the Washington Tikileaks.com web site. 7. TZT billboard in King County where the WSP partnered with several news agencies to advertise the kickoff of TZT. 8. TZT PSA Are You on the Team? which ran in the target areas across the state. 9. TZT advertisement on King County Metro. 10. TZT window clings. 11. TZT PSA Are You on the Team? that ran in Yakima, County Law Enforcement Challenge 5

27 Target Zero Teams (TZT) 12. WSP Chief John Batiste at the TZT kickoff event in Spokane County, which was covered by local news agencies. 13. TZT PSA in Spokane Are You on the Team? 14. TZT business cards with bar code from a CBS Radio, WTSC, WSLCB, Columbia Distributing and Miller Coors partnership. Distributed 9,000 point of sale materials in 222 bars and restaurants and over 500 taxi rides by December TZT coasters distributed by Liquor Control Board. 16. TZT screen shot for radio PSA run in Yakima and Spokane counties. 17. TZT TV coverage of the Spokane Target Zero Team. 18. TZT posters distributed to alcohol servers: Let your customers know we have strong DUI enforcement in this area. Enforcement A total of 87,430 hours of regular duty time and 14,295 hours of overtime were assigned to phase I of the TZT project from July 1, 2010, to December 31, 2013, for TZTs in King, Pierce, and Snohomish counties. A total of 14,494 hours of regular duty time and 1,499 hours of overtime were assigned to phase II of the TZT project from July 1, 2013, to December 31, 2013, for TZTs in Spokane and Yakima counties. All TZTs are assigned to their individual counties and therefore every contact is made within or has an effect on their target areas and was done during targeted times as identified by WSP analysts. TZTs are special enforcement teams and all work is directed at the priority level one to remove impaired drivers (see the below charts for TZTs, which cover all areas of time and contacts). Pierce County King County Snohomish County TOTAL Total Regular Hours 29, , , , Total Overtime Hours 4, , , , Total Contacts 18,761 13,932 18,288 50,981 Yakima County Spokane County TOTAL Total Regular Hours 7, , , Total Overtime Hours , Combined Regular and Overtime 8, , , Total Contacts 4,872 3,698 8, Law Enforcement Challenge

28 Target Zero Teams (TZT) There has been a total of 39,550 citations issued in the five TZT counties from July 1, 2010, through December 31, 2013 (see the below chart for a breakdown of the citations by TZT teams). TZT Pierce County July 2010 December 2013 King County Yakima County Spokane County Snohomish County TOTAL Arrests 10,661 11,328 2,022 1,688 13,851 39,550 Outcomes Follow Up Phase I As follow up on the identification of the target areas, analysts produced two reports (one large and one abbreviated) that showed the recent activity within the targeted areas every 42 days. This report contained data from the WSP s computer aided dispatch system (CAD), Time and Activity System (TAS), and Law Enforcement Information Exchange (LInX). Analysts selected a report length of 42 days to ensure equal representation of each day and an adequate amount of incidents. The highlights of the abbreviated report (Sergeants Report) follow as an overview page, violation activity summary, maps, and preliminary fatality memorandums. From the internal CAD database, analysts included the latest information on collisions, erratically driven vehicles, and DUI arrests. The same holds true for reported criminal activities from the LInX database. Stemming from the TAS database, the violation activity summary described the primary violation and the subsequent number of DUI arrests. Lastly, preliminary fatal memorandums were summarized and listed to track outcomes (below are examples of the Sergeants Reports from phase I discussed above) Law Enforcement Challenge 7

29 Target Zero Teams (TZT) 1 2 In addition to the follow up reports, quarterly meetings were held to share information and tactics, coordinate efforts, and streamline efforts. These meetings included personnel from the WSP TZT teams, local law enforcement, Washington Traffic Safety Commission (WTSC), local Target Zero Managers, and prosecutors offices. These meetings served as a critical feedback loop to ensure analysts, commissioned officers, and prosecutors were coordinating their efforts to maximize the benefits of the program. Phase II Follow up in phase II of the project mirrors phase I, except for a streamlining of the process. The large report was replaced and pertinent materials were incorporated into the Sergeants Report. Analysts removed the LInX database and consolidated the pages of the report. A complete redesign of the map and activity pages took place. This produced a more responsive document for law enforcement personnel to use while deploying in target areas. The changes in the violation activity summary included a top ten pie chart showing what violations were cited and a reorganized breakdown of the violations that result in impaired driving arrests. Lastly, the maps within the Sergeants Report were completely changed to show both an overview and specific zone recap of previous activity. This section breaks down activity into temporal and categorical lists (below are examples of the Sergeants Reports from phase II discussed above) Law Enforcement Challenge

30 Target Zero Teams (TZT) After phase I, the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) from U.S. DOT NHTSA Region 10 moved Washington from a mid range state (which are those with an average impaired driving fatality rate that is higher than 0.30 and lower than 0.60) to a low range state (which are those with an average impaired driving fatality rate of 0.30 or lower). TZT teams have brought us closer to our goal of zero fatalities or serious injuries by The evaluation of the project showed the project to be a successful approach in reducing impaired driver fatalities. Since then, the grant funds were exhausted and the state of Washington approved taking over funding of the three teams. Building upon the success of the initial three TZT teams, two new counties were selected for this program. The new teams have been placed in more rural counties of Yakima and Spokane. Washington State in an effort to reach the goal of zero fatalities by 2030 is making headway with the successful approach in reducing impaired driver fatalities through the TZT teams Law Enforcement Challenge 9

31 Target Zero Teams (TZT) Incentives and Recognition TZT troopers were recognized by the WSP for their efforts on enforcing impaired driving laws in Below is a breakdown of the recognition: Award Chief s Award for Professional Excellence Bureau Commendation and Chief s Coin Description No. Awarded 200 or more DUI arrests in one year 100 to 199 DUI arrests in one year 4 Chief s Coin 70 to 99 DUI arrests in one year Law Enforcement Challenge

32 Target Zero Teams (TZT) Policies WSP Breath Testing and Alcohol Drug Arrest Report Policies Source: WSP 2013 Regulation Manual 2013 Law Enforcement Challenge 1

33 Target Zero Teams (TZT) Policies WSP Implied Consent Warnings, Refusal to Submit to Breath Test, and DUI Arrest Policies Source: WSP 2013 Regulation Manual Law Enforcement Challenge

34 Target Zero Teams (TZT) Policies Washington State Patrol Strategic Plan Agency Priority Law Enforcement Challenge 3

35 Target Zero Teams (TZT) Policies Washington State Strategic Highway Safety Plan 2013 Objectives & Strategies Law Enforcement Challenge

36 Target Zero Teams (TZT) Policies Example: Washington State Patrol District 3 Operational Plan 2013 Law Enforcement Challenge 5

37 Target Zero Teams (TZT) Policies Law Enforcement Challenge