Territorial Extension GDP (US$) Armed Forces Personnel. Defence Budget (US$) Defence Budget Breakdown

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1 A Comparative Atlas of Defence in Latin America and Caribbean / 216 Edition 18 Mexico BASIC INFRMATIN opulation Territorial Extension GD (US$) Armed Forces ersonnel 126,248, Defence Budget (US$) 1,964,38 km 2 1,82,431,, 267,656 5,978,115,551 Comparative Increase (percentage variation ) Defence Budget Breakdown : Salaries and other benefits R: Retirement and pension funds / I: Investment : ther expenses I R I R I R I R I R I R ersonnel Expenditure 6% 27% 16% 14% National Legislation Defence Budget Government Budget GD The National Defence Secretariat was created in 1937 and its current Secretary is General Salvador Cienfuegos Zepeda. The ffice of the Secretary of the Navy was created in 194 and the current Secretary is Admiral Vidal Francisco Soberón Sanz. Systems and Concepts Act to reserve the Country s Neutrality (DF 1939/11/1). rganic Law for Federal ublic Administration (DF 1976/12/29. Last amendment: DF 216/7/18). National Security Act (DF 25/1/31. Last amendment: DF 25/12/26). General Act on the ublic Security System (DF 212/6/14. Last amendment: DF 216/6/17). General Civil rotection Act (DF 212/6/6. Last amendment: DF 214/6/3). Military rganization Navy General rdinance (DF 1912/1/8). Discipline Act of the Mexican Army and Air Force (DF 1926/3/15. Last amendment: DF 24/12/1). rganic Act of Military Courts (DF 1929/6/22. Last amendment: DF 212/4/9). Military Justice Code (DNL Nº /8/31. Last amendment: DF 216/5/16). Military Service Act (DF 194/9/11. Last amendment: DF 1998/1/23). Act on Firearms and Explosives (DF 1972/1/25. Last amendment: DF 215/11/12). Act which creates the Army and the Air Force University (DF 1975/12/29). Reward Act for the Navy of Mexico (DF 1985/1/14). rganic Law of the National Bank of the Army, Air Force and Navy (DF 1986/1/13. Last amendment: DF 214/1/1). rganic Law of the Mexican Army and Air Force (DF 1986/12/26. Last amendment: DF 214/11/6). Discipline Act for the ersonnel of the Navy of Mexico (DF 22/12/13). rganic Act of the Navy of Mexico (DF 22/12/3. Last amendment: 212/12/31). Act on romotions and Rewards of the Mexican Army and Air Force (DF 23/1/3. Last amendment: DF 211/8/5). Act for the Armed Forces Social Security Institute (DF 23/7/9. Last amendment: DF 215/1/27). Act for checking, adjusting and calculating the services of the Navy (DF 24/6/14. Last amendment: DF 29/6/12). romotions Act for the Navy of Mexico (DF 24/6/25. Last amendment: DF 211/6/1). Military Education Act for the Mexican Army and Air Force (DF 25/12/23). Act for checking, adjusting and calculating the services of the Army and Air Force (DF 26/2/9. Last amendment: DF 29/6/12). Military Code of criminal procedure (DF 216/6/15). Source: Compilation based on the aforementioned legislation National Security Council Secretariat of National Defence Chief of the National Defence Staff The Defence System The resident convenes the National Security Council, composed of the Secretaries of Government, Defence, Navy, ublic Security, Economy and ublic Credit, ublic Service, Foreign Affairs and Communication and Transportation, the Attorney General of the Republic and the General Director of the National Research and Security Centre, as a deliberative body to establish and articulate the relevant policies. The Secretary of Defence holds the High Command of the Army and the Air Force, and the Secretary of the Navy commands the Mexican Navy. Each Secretary has a Staff as a technical and operational body for the accomplishment of their functions. The Congress holds the powers granted by the Constitution and permanently monitors defence related issues through the defence committees in both houses. Source: Compilation based on the olitical Constitution, Ley orgánica de la Administración ública Federal (DF 1976/12/29. Last amendment: DF 216/7/18), Ley orgánica de la Armada de México (DF 212/12/3. Last amendment: DF 212/12/31), Ley rgánica del Ejército y Fuerza Aérea Mexicanos (DF 1986/12/26. Last amendment: DF 214/11/6) and Ley de Seguridad Nacional (DF 25/1/31. Last amendment: DF 25/12/26). Source: Anuario Estadístico de América Latina y el Caribe, 215, CEAL (territory and population: projection 216), IMF, World Economic utlook Database, (GD projection 216), and information provided by the Secretariat of National Defence and Secretariat of the Navy (personnel). resident Secretariat of the Navy General Staff of the Navy

2 C h a p ter 21: Mexi c o 181 Budget Year Defence Budget (US$) Government Budget (US$) GD (US$) 28 4,76,15, ,35,821, ,576,, 29 4,681,259,477 17,865,419, ,336,, 21 4,875,854, ,312,515, ,918,, 211 6,247,798,82 22,937,481,45 1,185,215,, 212 6,287,762, ,932,173,241 1,27,82,, 213 6,985,999, ,684,847,298 1,258,544,, 214 7,299,439,73 263,474,59,84 1,287,557,, 215 6,669,93, ,534,17,256 1,144,334,, 216 5,978,115,551 2,818,797,327 1,82,431,, 4.% Defence Budget (%) 3.% % Downloaded from RESDAL 1.%.% Armed Forces ersonnel Members of the Armed Forces for every 1, Inhabitants In relation to GD In relation to the government budget , , ,93 265, Defence Budget (US$) 4,76,15,462 4,875,854,577 6,287,762,898 7,299,439,73 Army and Air Force Navy Source: Compilation based on the Ley de presupuesto de egresos de la Federación 26 to 216. The Government Budget passed by Congress by means of the above-mentioned Act is considered herein. The concept of investment is that expressed in Investment. GD: rojection of the World Economic utlook Database, IMF, for each year considered. This source has been taken for comparative purposes. Each country prepares the budget based on its own GD estimation. The value of the dollar considered corresponds to the exchange rate determined by the World Economic utlook Database, IMF, for each year under consideration.

3 A Comparative Atlas of Defence in Latin America and Caribbean / 216 Edition 182 The Armed Forces General Mission Defend the integrity, independence and sovereignty of the Nation, guarantee internal security and external defence. Help civilian citizens in cases of public necessity; carry out civic and social work aimed at the country s progress and in case of disaster, aid in keeping public order, assistance to the people and their assets as well as with reconstruction of affected areas. Make use of the Federation s naval power for external defence, and render assistance for the country s internal security. (Ley rgánica del Ejército y Fuerza Aérea, DF 1986/12/26. Last amendment: DF 214/11/6, Sec. 1 and Ley rgánica de la Armada de México, DF 22/12/3. Last amendment: DF 29/6/12, Sec. 1). Specific Missions Army - Defend the integrity, independence and sovereignty of the Nation. - Guarantee internal security. - rovide assistance to civilians in case of public need. - Carry out civic actions and social work to support the growth of the country. - In case of disaster, provide assistance to maintain the order, help people and their assets and rebuild affected areas. Navy Its mission is to use the naval power of the Federation for providing external defence and contributing to the internal security of the country. Air Force - Defend the integrity, independence and sovereignty of the Nation. - Guarantee internal security. - rovide assistance to civilians in cases of public necessity. - Carry out civic actions and social work to support the growth of the country. - In cases of disaster, provide assistance to maintain the order, aid the people and their assets and rebuild affected areas. Armed Forces ersonnel 216: 267,656 Air Force: 7,788 (4%) Army: 25,689 (96%) Secretariat of the Navy: 54,179 Secretariat of National Defence: 213,477 Secretariat of National Defence personnel: ,568 9,225 Army and Air Force Rank Generals Chief fficers fficers Troops 538 5,41 29, ,275 Total 541 6,12 32, ,5 TTAL: 12,515 TTAL: 2, ,477 %.3% 1.2% 4.3% Army and Air Force Generals Chief fficers fficers Troops.3% 2.5% Total Army and Air Force (Army: 25,689) (Air Force: 7,788) 13.9% 77.5% 119 3,82 4,488 1,155 Navy Rank Admirals Captains fficers NC s Sailors 238 2,2 9,676 25,277 8,124 Total 238 2,139 12,758 29,765 9,279 TTAL: 8,844 TTAL: 45,335 54,179 Total Navy %.2% 5.7% 8.3% 2.1% Navy Admirals Captains fficers NC s Sailors.4% 3.7% 15.% 17.9% 46.7% Source: Ley orgánica del Ejército y la Fuerza Aérea (DF 1986/12/26. Last amendment: DF 214/11/6) and Ley orgánica de la Armada de México (DF 22/12/3. Last amendment: DF 212/4/3) (missions). Information provided by the Secretariat of National Defence and Secretariat of the Navy (personnel).

4 Chapter 21: Mexico 183 Military Service The National Military Service (SMN) is mandatory for all male citizens of military age. It lasts one year. may participate voluntarily. Naval SecretariatNational Military Service It is carried out in the Training Centers of Naval Infantry, which includes coastal states and the Federal District of Mexico City. It may be served through two modalities: - enrolled personnel: they attend Saturday training sessions without receiving any monetary compensation; - stand by personnel: they do not carry out Saturday training activities, they are just registered for the authorities knowledge and control. Secretariat of National Defence - National Militaryy Service Candidates: 215: 471, : 23,571. In soldiers completed their military obligations 2. Military Zone (TIJUANA, B.C.) 8,86 5,23 5,738 6, 5,35 5,29 5, 4,737 4, 3, 2, 1, , Military Zone (GUERRER NEGR, B.C.S.) Applicants Conscripts enrolled Military Zone Military Zone (NGALES, SN.) Male applicants , Military Zone (HERMSILL, SN.) Downloaded from RESDAL 7, 1,727 5,76 5. Military Zone (CHIHUAHUA, CHIH.) 752 6,48 Male Male conscripts applicants enrolled into 216 the military service, 215 (in active duty and as reservists) 4,91 1,11 6, Military Zone (HIDALG DEL ARRAL, CHIH.) 6. Military Zone (SALTILL, CAH.) 1, ,922 2,68 1,193 14, Military Zone (CD. REYNSA, TAMS.) 12,49 7. Military Zone (ESCBED, N.L.) 4,942 11,553 12,961 4,337 9, Military Zone (SAN LUIS TSÍ, S.L..) 11,18 1. Military Zone (TACUBAYA, CD. MEX.) st 6,997 47,489 1,265 31, Military Zone (AGUASCALIENTES, AGS.) 35,681 5, Military Zone (MINATITLÁN, VER.) 5,528 11, Military Zone (EL LENCER, VER.) 5,61 8, Military Zone (CAMECHE, CAM.) 5, Military Zone (DURANG, DG.) 3,2 5,751 6,763 2, Military Zone (MRELIA, MICH.) 3. Military Zone (LA AZ, B.C.S.) 2,11 9. Military Zone (CULIACÁN, SIN.) 13. Military Zone (TEIC, NAY.) 242 1, Military Zone (UERT VALLARTA, JAL.) 4,596 11,229 4,112 12, , Military Zone (AATZINGÁN, MICH.) 3,813 1,256 1, Military Zone (CLIMA, CL.) 1, , Military Zone (MIAHUATLÁN, AX.) 4, ,217 6, ,719, 6, Military Zone (CUERNAVACA, MR.) 9,86 3,336 8, Military Zone (TUXAN, VER.) 6,289 1,483 7, Military Zone (QUERÉTAR, QR.) 8,838 5,437 7,89 1,26 1,965 7,827 5,76 22,91, 2,7 23, Military Zone (EL TICUÍ, GR.) 42,53, 11, Military Zone (ZAAN, JAL.) 35. Military Zone (CHILANCING, GR.) 6 6, ,547 5,645 2,44 3, , , Militaryy Zone (STA. ( MARÍA RAYÓN,, MEX.)) 23. Military Zone (ANTLA, TLAX.) 17,32 4,19 2 2, Military Zone (CHETUMAL, Q. R) 6,477 8,239 1,265 8, Military Zone (VALLADLID (VALLADLID, YUC.) YUC ) 11. Military Zone (GUADALUE, ZAC.) 5, Military Zone (SARABIA, GT.) 17, Military Zone (TAACHULA, CHIS.) 3,8 14,525 9,228 14,446 2,466 4, Military Zone (IXCTEL, AX.) 5, , Military Zone (UEBLA, UE.) 31,279 23,965 5,61 1,22 5, Military Zone (CD. IXTEEC, AX.) 2,22 3. Military Zone (VILLAHERMSA, TAB.) 212 3, Military Zone (ACHUCA, HG.) 38. Military Zone (TENSIQUE, TAB.) 9,371 5,844 13, Military Zone (STA. LUCÍA, MEX.) 39,87 21, Military Zone (CSING, CHIS.) 11,186 16,588 2,544 1,77 7, ,3 2,434 44, Military Zone (RANCH NUEV, CHIS.) 5,71 3,756 6,14 Source: Ley de Servicio Militar (DF 194/9/11. Last amendment: DF 1998/1/23). Information provided by the Secretariat of National Defence and Secretariat of the Navy. 1,752

5 A Comparative Atlas of Defence in Latin America and Caribbean / 216 Edition 184 Education and the Military Career Career ath for fficers in Command Bodies 1 GENERAL F THE ARMY MAJR GENERAL ADMIRAL Major General Wing General Vice Admiral Compulsory Retirement 65 years age 48/52 61 Brigadier General Group General Rear Admiral 44/48 6 Command and General Staff Colonel Colonel Major Command and Air Staff Colonel Colonel Mayor Higher Naval Studies Center of High Command and National Security Certified Staff Captain Commander Commander 4/ / /36 54 Higher War College Higher War Higher of Arms and Services First Captain Second Captain Higher War College Higher War Higher of Arms and Services First Captain Second Captain Naval Command Second Grade Junior Grade 29/ / / years Basic of Arms and Services Second Second Ensign Heroic Military College Air College Heroic Naval School ARMY AIR FRCE NAVY 4 years Basic or Arms and Services 4 years 2/24 Minimum age for promotion to the next rank Maximum age for promotion (compulsory retirement age) 1 Command corps includes officers who have been educated at military academies from the beginning of their professional careers. The graph makes a theoretical reconstruction of officers promotion through the completion of mandatory courses. Further requirements for promotion have not been considered. In the case of the Army and the Air Force, the number of officers that applied and got promoted to the next higher rank in 28 and 29 is shown. 2 Ages 16-2 years have been considered for comparative purposes. Entry age varies depending on the service: Army 16-2 years, Naval Force years, Air Force 16-2 years of age. The minimum age for promotion will depend on the age of graduation from the military education institution. Candidates (Aged 16/2) 2 Candidates registered 216 Total Candidates accepted 216 Total Heroic Naval School 2, , Naval Medical School 945 1,294 2, Nursing School Total 3,763 2,545 6, Source: Compilation based on Ley de ascensos de la Armada de México (DF 24/6/25. Last amendment: DF 21/8/27), Ley orgánica de la Armada de México (DF 22/12/3. Last amendment: DF 29/6/12), Ley de ascensos y recompensas del Ejército y Fuerza Aérea (DF 23/1/3. Last amendment: DF 29/6/12), Ley orgánica del Ejército y la Fuerza Aérea (DF 1986/12/26. Last amendment: DF 214/11/6), Ley del instituto de seguridad social para las Fuerzas Armadas (DF 23/7/9. Last amendment: DF 215/1/27). Information provided by the Naval Secretariat.

6 C h a p ter 21: Mexi c o 185 Secretariat of National Defence Military School of Medicine Military College of Engineers Military Dental School Heroic Military Academy Military Nurse School Military School of Health Care fficers Military Aviation School Military Communications School Air Force College of Specialists Military School of Aviation Maintenance Military School of Warfare Materials Secretariat of the Navy Applicants to officers academies ,71 2,732 Education and training Candidates registered Candidates accepted 215 and and 216 4,949 3, , , , , , , , , , 1, 5, Enrollees at officers academies 33 In 216, there was a 2% increase in women who applied to the Escuela Militar de Ingenieros (Military College of Engineers); 8% more at the Escuela de Especialistas de la Fuerza Aérea (Air Force College of Specialists), and 2% more at the Heroico Colegio Militar (Heroic Military Academy) ,435 13,33 Applicants 4,963 4,395 1,358 1, Enrolees Downloaded from RESDAL ,171 1, Heroic Naval School Naval Medical School Nursing School Heroic Naval School Naval Medical School Nursing School Applicants to non-commissioned officer academies Enrollees at non-commissioned officer academies Naval Equipment Naval Supply Electronics Naval Equipment Naval Supply Electronics in the Armed Forces Maximum rank achieved by women in the Command Corps (216) Second Captain2º Captain 1º Major Colonel Colonel Source: Websites and information provided by the Secretariat of National Defence and Secretariat of the Navy. General Brigadier Note: These ranks correspond to the Army for illustrative purposes. The equivalent rank for in the Navy is Junior Grade and in the Air Force it has the same rank. The command corps includes officers who have been educated at military academies from the beginning of their careers, as opposed to those who develop a career in the civilian sphere and are then incorporated into the Armed Forces. f the total Army and Air Force personnel, 5.86% (12,515) are women. f the total Navy personnel, 16.3% (8,844) are women. Brigade General General Major de General Ejército The number of women in the ranks has grown 239% in ten years personnel 6,39 women ,656 personnel 21,359 women

7 A Comp arative Atlas of Def ence in Latin America and Caribbean / 216 Edition 186 Support Activities for Reducing Levels of Violence Inter-agency Coordination Groups There is one group per state of the Republic. Military personnel take part in the meetings that bring together the leadership from the three levels of government to address issues related to organized crime, public security, crime incidence and high impact crimes. 215: 724 meetings. 216 (until August): 426 meetings. Defence and National and International Community With the aim of guaranteeing peace in Mexico, both Secretariats of States engage in activities in support of public security authorities. These are divided across the following areas: eradication, interception, violence reduction, and high impact operations, among others, and are carried out in both rural and urban areas. Secretariat of National Defence The National Defence Secretariat cooperates with the institutions responsible for public security through an active involvement in the following Mixed perational Bases They are instruments that were created in order to meet the agreements met in the Coordination Groups. They carry out mobile and/or stationary surveillance operations. 215: 158 Mixed peration Bases were integrated. 216 (as of August): 137 Mixed peration Bases are active. Results: Seizures Arrested people p Vehicles Firearms Cartridges 29,1 2,69 Magazines 1,61 8 Granades 87 Marijuana plantations 13 Marijuana kg 6,748,72 172,143 Cocaine kg.17 1,842 Support to the public security structure By means of cooperation agreements, support is provided to States or entities with the highest crime rates. For instance: In 216 support was provided with 1.8 troops involved. DURANG MICHACAN In 215, support was provided with 1,8 troops involved. NUEV LEN TAMAULIAS Secretariat of the Navy 14,859 Support operations to public security from September 215 to July 216 Eradication of marijuana: 42 plantations. Eradication of poppies: 188 plantations. Seizures of marihuana: kg. Seizures of cocaína: 3.2 tons. Seizures of weapons: 1 short and 19 long. Seizures of ships: 12 different types. Seizures of vehicles: 316 different types. Arrest and hand-over to authorities: 373 people of Mexican nationality and 4 foreigners. Secretariat of the Navy (from September 215 to April 216) Coast guard operation: 1,3 people were medically aided and 198 people were rescued. Marina Rescate lan (Naval Rescue lan): 233 calls were answered, providing aid to 172 ships and rescuing 43 shipwreck survivors. Activities 216: 494,722 Beneficiaries 58 Activities 1,492 Troops committed Secretariat of National Defence Social work Activities 215: 26,453 Beneficiaries 15 Activities 3,71 Troops committed Results: Repair of electrical equipment 3,41 1,99 Masonry Works lumbing Works Electricity Works Iron Works Carpentry Works Haircuts 14,843 18,776 Medical and dentist consultations 18,297 12,444 Medicines distributed 2,559 9,539 National crusade against hunger The initiative is carried out in support of the Secretariat of Social Development, by setting up community kitchens: 96 located in 16 districts in located in 49 districts in Committed personnel 1,151 1,183 Rations provided 98, ,345 Beneficiaries 49,142 57,112 rotection of strategic installations The National Defence Secretariat t has signed cooperation agreements with the following national Activities: and international production companies: Item Quantity etróleos Mexicanos. Servicio de Administración Tributaria Comisión Federal de Electricidad. Comisión Nacional del Agua. Caminos y uentes Federales. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares. Aeropuertos y Servicios Auxiliares. Banco de México articipating troops Ground kilometers travelled 5,18 997,12 SEDENA personnel provide physical security to strategic facilities; define instructions and guidelines to improve the cooperation with the different entities and authorities that are responsible for the security, operation and functioning of such facilities. Air kilometers overflown 68,5 Ground patrolling 6,94 Air patrolling 148 Source: Cuarto Informe de Labores de la Secretaría de Defensa Nacional ( ), and information provided by the Secretariat of National Defence and Secretariat of the Navy.

8 Chapter 21: Mexico 187 Assistance in Natural Disasters The National System of Civil rotection (SINARC) provides for the assistance of the Armed Forces and state and local governments in the preparation, implementation and conduction of corresponding rescue plans, in order to assist civilian populations affected by a disaster. The Secretariat of National Defence has DN-III-E lan as a military operational tool, which provides guidelines for activities to help civilians affected by any kind of phenomenon that results in a disaster. The Naval Secretariat has a plan for supporting the civilian population in disaster or emergency situations. 216 Activities in response to heavy rainfalls and forest fires 35 Beneficiaries 32 Assisted events 9,213 Army troops Downloaded from RESDAL Results: R lt 4 medical consultations. 154 m³ of mud and debris removed. In 215, support was provided due to the tropical storm Marty: 1,9 provisions, 86 bed covers and mattresses, and 1,1 cleaning kits distributed. Secretariat of National Defence 215 activities in response to heavy rainfalls and forest fires 12,226 Beneficiaries 233 Assisted events 12,376 Efectivos del Ejército 4 Army troops Results: evacuated people. 5 shelters set up to harbor 698 people. 13,459 hot meal rations distributed. 4,951 provisions distributed. 8,991 mats distributed. 82,636 liters of water distributed. 2,245 bed covers distributed. 2,15 personal hygiene kits distributed. 1,75 cleaning kits distributed. 1,738 medical/dentist consultations. 1,74 m³ of mud and debris removed. 22 tons of provisions carried by air. Secretariat of the Navyy In ctober 215, support was provided to 2 communities due to hurricanes atricia and Sandra : 11,93 people evacuated tons of waste and mud removed 1,645 provisions and 14,3 water liters distributed 1,72 medical consultations articipation in eace perations Current Missions MINURS (Western Sahara) MINUSTAH (Haiti) UNIFIL (Lebanon) Military Component MEM MC In April 216, aid was provided to Ecuador in response to the earthquakes that afflicted the country. In coordination with the Emergency Assistance Control Unit, 3,15m2 of debris were removed. After the activities developed to strengthen cooperation relations with other instances of the Executive Branch in the area of Cybersecurity, and the training of SEDENA personnel on the matter, the Cyberspace perations Center of the National Defense Secretariat was created in 216. Mexico contributes with 12 military personnel to United Nations peacekeeping missions MEM: Military mission experts, including military observers, judge advocates and military liaison officers - MC: Military Contingent. Source: Cuarto Informe de Labores de la Secretaría de Defensa Nacionall ( ), and information provided by the Secretariat of National Defence and Secretariat of the Navy. Statistics of military and police contributions to UN operations, United Nations Department of eacekeeping perations (DK), June 216.