NATO SECRET. SUPREME HSADQIfi-JiTEES ALLIZD POWERS EUROPE PARIS * FRANCE

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1 SUPREME HSADQIfi-iTEES ALLIZD POWERS EUROPE PARIS * FRANCE AG 1702 OT 18 November 19¾ SUBECT : THE BROAD PATTERN OF HIGifER TRAINING 1955 to TO Ccmmander-in-Qiief, Allied Forces Central Europe, Fontainebleau, France Commander-in-Chief, Allied Forces Northern Europe, Oslo, Norway. Commander-in-Chief, Allied Forces Southern Europe, Naples, Itaiy. Commander-in-Chief, Allied Forces in the Mediterranean, Malta, REFERSr i CE : SHAPE 372/54 and SHAPE 395/54 1. Attached are copies of SACEUR's Training Directive covering the next three years, 1955 to ' An Air Supplement to this directive dealing "with the Air Exercises Schedule will be issued separately., 3. Subsequent SHAPE Training Conferences tondiseuss and co-ordinate C's-in-C requirements will be arranged as necessary, ^ _ j * 4. The present Annual Training Directive will in future take the form of a "Training Circular" "based on the review and lessons of the previous year. This will he issued in anuary of each year starting in 1955* 1 Encl SAGEUR 1 s Training Directive FOR THE SUPREME ALLILD COMLfANIER EUROPE: C. V.R. SCHUTl Lieutenant General, U.S, Array Chief of Staff. Distribution overleaf.? * * * as ÄG CtfiTEH FILES COPT i o Ä Wt- Ii * L' t-r^f c * I :-: T< * " r Lfary--U*'

2 DISTRIBUTION îfato SECRET Sf ACTION English French CINCENT CINCNORTH CINCSOUTH, 10 2 CINCAFMED 10 2 INFO SHAPE English French SGN 21 9 SACEUR A O y SGLO O 1 D/SACEUR 1 O SACLANT 5 6 DEPAIR 3 2 CINCHAN ' 2 O DEFNAV 1 1 CINCMAIRCHAN 2 O ' Chief of Staff 1 O MOD Belgium 2 2 DCLA Ä I 1 MOD Canada 9 O DCPO A I O MOD Denmark 5 Q SECT 2 O MOD France 8 11 AGCF 1 1 MOD Greece 5 1 3UDFIN DIV I 1 MOD Italy 4 j INTEL DIV T <f 1 MAF Luxembourg 1 1 LOG DIV 10 1 MOD Netherlands 5 O OANDT DIV 2C 5 MCD Noarway 5 O P & A DIV 3 1 MOD Portiigal 1 1 PID T O MOD Turkey 4 1 PPANDO DIV 5 3 MOD United Kingdom 10 O SIG DIV 10?> SECDEF United States 14 O EXNMR 1 O» n m ZntTfcTvnN -n-l *. / «A m / ». AiXTUi ^ oiiar} ±k;xgxuiiv tkr xröj,in ( tiiru uäj: j, Luxembourg 1 - i Canada 1 C ~ Denmark 1 O France 1 1 Greece 1 O Italy 1 Netherlands 1 O. Norway f Mil Attache Portugal(Paris) 1 4 NMR (SHAPE; Turkey 1 O United Kingdom 1 O United States 1 O SHAPE Training Missions Netherlands 3 1 Portugal 2 0 Luxembourg 1 1 French translation will follow. 4 t : * NATO SECRErr

3 NATe SECRET SUPRELS HEADQUARTERS ALLIED PO^PS EUROPE PARIS FRANCE AG 1702 OT 18 November 1954 SUBECT : THE BROAD PATTERir OF HIGHER TPAT r ING 1955 TO 1957 TO ; Commander-in-Chief, Allied Forces Central Europe, Fontainebleau, France. Commander-in-Chief, Allied Forces Northern Eurcpe, Oslo, Norway. Commander-in-Chief, 'Allied Forces Southern Europe, Naples, Italy» Commander-in-Chief, Allied Forces in the Mediterranean, Malta. INTRODUCTORY 1, The object of all training is fitness for war and success in battle. o It is therefore important that our thoughts and plans for higher training should keep in step with the developments and requirements of the New Approach study and with the progress of science. As this leads to 1957, we must lock ahead and plan beyond the limits of an annual training cycle. V The longer term armroach to the training problem will also have the following advantages: First. goal. It will be easior to plan progressively towards the required Second. It will give greater flexibility and econonqy in our planning by enabling us: a a# To concentrate the major training effort at the time and place where it is most needed. b. To discuss with National Authorities the possibility of adjustment of the monetary training vote from one year to the next, to suit the requirements of the overall training cycle. c. To co-ordinate National reserve training programmes with the higher training plans, so that Post M-Day units can occasionally train side by side with the active formations they will co-operate with in war. Third. It will help us to plan more effectively for the progressive entry of the German Armed Forces into the training picture and prograame. 3. I have therefore decided to lay down the broad pattern of our higher training for the next throe years, 1955 to lour umi programmes can then be developed against that background.

4 HIGHER TPI t TNG FOR 1955 The pattern for 1955 has already been set. The main concern is with the study and development of atomic procedures, of new doctrines, organisations, and training methods to meet the now conditions of battle. The major training effort of Allied Command Europe in 1955 will be directed to the practical examination of: a. The new ccnccpt of the land/air battle which I have already given you as a background tc your own thinking. b* The problem of command, organisation and flexibility of air forces; the control of the overall air battle, of which participation in the land battle is but one part. c# The problems of sea supply and naval- support of the armed forces in Europe under the new concept. On land, we do not require large scale manoeuvres in 1955* There are many problems on the corps, array and army group levels for examination in the new concept, but these are best tackled in staff studies, war-games and CPX's. Collective training in 1955 should not be... above; Lhu Corps level, «ach exercise being designed to produce lessons of a tactical nature that will be a guide to organisation. in "tile Central European Command in 1955> I attach great importance to the higher training of the reconstituted French M-Day Forces. In the air,* a SHAPE-wide air exercise will be held in early October 1955 to test all phases of atomic play. External forces will participate «In the Naval and logistic fields, the major exercise in 1955 will be the NATO-wide CPX^LIFELII^" designed to study further the problem of maintenance of sea communications and the movçment problem of troops and supplies through ports up to the forward zone. This is an exercise of great interest and importance. ' I have already asked that you will give mc by the end of 1954 your considered views on the concept of tho future land/air battle, and how oixr forces should be organised, equipped and trained to fight that battle successfully. CPX FIVE in April 1955 will give us a further opportunity for discussion of the overall Air problem, and also the corps battle under the new concept. By the end of the 1955 training season we should be able to see the future more clearly, and X will then call for a further report from C t s-in-c 2

5 » NATO SEClREf UTPtTrn mpat^rritrt TTV n,t? ^XAiXAll -L-H-Tj-L. - XlsVr r v ï t i y y o 11. T h^ training effort v/ill be directed to the continued study of the future form of the battle on the land, sea and in the air, and on the problems of organisation, weapons and tactical doctrine. There are no quick answers to these questions. Nevertheless, we must aim at finalising our ideas by the end of In addition, I wish the Central Command to give priority to the holding of a full scale manoeuvre in 1956, and to the integration of the first formed German forces into the Command structure. I deal with this point in greater detail below (see paras 15 to 18). 13. In the Northern, Southern and Mediterranean Commands, I leave the scope of higher training in 1956 in the hands of C! s-in-c. I suggest that training up to the divisional or*"corps levels, v/ith corresponding training for air and naval forces, and CPX training for higher command echelons, would be the most suitable preparation for the more extensive. effort which I shall expect of these Commands in 1957 (see para 21). Air units from the Northern and Southcra Commands, including atomic forces, may also be required to take pert in the full scale manoeuvres in the Centre (see para 16). 14. I intend to hold tho annual SHAPE CPX in April This will be called CPX SIX and will deal with the problem of the "Forward Strategy" in Central Lurope, and in detail with the logistic implications of that strategy. Manoeuvres in Central Command in The Central European Consaand presents the unique problem of a team composed of the land and air forces of eight different NATO countries, which countries are permanently exposed to surprise enenry attack. This team has, so far, trainee together in parts, but not yet as a whole; we must now face up to this ma.;,or problem. 16. I therefore request CINCENT to prepare and direct a full scale manoeuvre in Central Zurope in the autumn of 1956, embracing all land, air and naval forces in the Command. This manoeuvre should in particular provide the opportunity for practising the integration of air forces and fcr testing practically our atomic procedures and policies. It should also test the effectiveness of our joint planning in the command echelons on all levels. 17. SHAPE will participate in any way CINCZTfT may wish, including the arrangements for external air support, ana the co-operation of earmarked forces under I ational Ccxrinsmd. I appreciate the extr-me dii faculties in organising a manoeuvre on such a vast scale. But it is necessary. There are zvto years in which to prepare. Financial priorité in 1956 will be given to this exercise. 3

6 HIG-HMR TRAINING FOR * It is net possible to mace precise pi ans this distance ahead, but I will give you the Kain feature of the ye.: r s training, 20, There mil be the usual SHArE CPX in late April of I cannot name its aim at this stage, I would wclcome suggestions from C! s-in-c. 21, In this year, full scale land, sea and air manoeuvres will be held in: a. The Northern Command, if possible in conjunction with, part of SACLANT 1 s Carrier Strike Force, and the Northern elements of the Central Command, b. The Southern Command in conjunction with the Mediterranean Command, These combined manoeuvres will be adjusted as C's-in-C see fit to meet their own particular geographical and national situations, ~ 22* Northern and Southern Commands will also plan to hold their own CPX t S to study the problem of intervention of a strategic reserve, which I will name later, in the battles of the North and. South, 23* In the Central Command, priority will be given to: a. The study and holding of a Command and National-wide test of the Air Def once System in Central Europe including, I hope, Great Britain also, b. The final integration of German Forces into the structure of the Allied Command Europe. 24«In 1957I there is also a continuing need for theatre-wide air manoeuvres to test all aspects of atomic operations. IN CONCLUSION 25* C 1 s-in-c will now develop their more detailed plans for the three year cycle 1955 to 1^57* against the broad pattern of this directive, N 260 C! s-in-c will inform me of their broad plans, and of any assistance Tdiich they may require from SHAPE in putting these plans into effect. -i - y / t - \ > >A» f.' ALFRED M GRUZNTHSR 1 k / N A T O S E C H S T