QUEEN S UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF POLICY STUDIES MPA 833 Introduction to Defence Management

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1 QUEEN S UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF POLICY STUDIES MPA 833 Introduction to Defence Management Professor: Dr. Michael Rostek Office: Room 407, School of Policy Studies Tel: ext mike.rostek@queensu.ca Class Location: Robert Sutherland Building, Room 411 Time: Mondays: hours Preface MPA 833, Introduction to Defence Management, is a survey seminar for non specialists interested in the public administration of defence policy. The principal aim of the seminar is to examine the main areas of defence management with a view to building a foundation for further studies in the field. The course examines key topics and issues that shape the formulation and administration of defence policy and the direction of Canada's armed forces. The seminar will address several related topics including the history of defence policy; ideas concerning the central direction of defence policy and armed forces in Canada; functional areas of defence economics and budgeting; human resource management; force development and capital procurement; armed forces and society; civil military relations in Canada; and current operations of the Canadian Forces. The course will: a. review the history of post cold war defence policy and Canadian Forces/DND organization; b. examine several key components of defence policies and describe how they have been and are being address; c. examine the relationship between the Canadian Forces and society, including the role of parliament in overseeing defence policy and the armed forces; and d. examine through discussions the influence of this history on the development of contemporary Canadian defence policy and managerial process. Courseware Most text books can be purchased (new), at a reduced rate, through Defence Management Studies (DMS) in Room 417, School of Policy Studies. Most reading materials and handouts are downloadable from our DMS website at MPA833 Page 1 of 10

2 Primary Texts Douglas Bland and Sean Maloney. Campaigns for International Security: Canada s Defence Policy at the turn of the Century. Kingston: McGill Queen s University Press, Craig Stone, ed. The Public Management of Defence in Canada. Toronto: Breakout Education Network, Canada First Defence Strategy Readings as provided by the instructor. Secondary Readings and Sources Douglas Bland, ed. Canada s National Defence: Volume I: Defence Policy. Kingston: McGill Queen s Press, The Claxton Papers. See Roy Rempel. Dreamland: How Canada s Pretend Foreign Policy Has Undermined Sovereignty. Kingston: McGill Queen s Press, Roy Rempel. The Chatterbox: An Insider s Account of the Irrelevance of Parliament in the Making of Canadian Foreign and Defence Policy. Toronto: Dundurn, Michael Rostek and Peter Gizewski, eds. Security Operations in the 21 st Century: Canadian Perspectives on the Comprehensive Approach. Kingston: McGill Queen s University Press, Also: National Defence and the Canadian Forces Foreign Affairs and International Trade Spotlight on Military News Canadian Military Journal Conference of Defence Associations Institute cdai.ca Note: Students who may wish to improve their understanding of the longer history of Canadian military affairs are encouraged to read Desmond Morton, Understanding Canadian Defence, Toronto: Penguin Canada, MPA833 Page 2 of 10

3 12 September Introduction to Defence Management This session will provide a framework for understanding policy making and administration in departments and agencies of the Canadian government. It will introduce the main elements of defence management and describe the inherent challenges officials and military officers face as they attempt to change governments intentions into reality. Craig Stone, ed. The Public Management of Defence in Canada. Toronto: Breakout Education Network, Introduction & Ch 1: The Public Administration of Defence Policy. Purchase DMS. Issues in Defence Management Chapter 1: available at Ideas in Action : available at Acronyms and Definitions: Handout. National Defence and the Canadian Forces: Peruse website at 19 September The World Order Era Many things changed for political leaders, officials, and military officers following the end of the Cold War. In the ensuing decade enemies have become partners, distance regions have become familiar battlegrounds, budgets have fallen, and a supposed Revolution in Military Affairs is driving many policy and management decisions. This session will review these factors in a discussion concerning how to make policy in uncertain times. Douglas Bland and Sean Maloney, Campaigns for International Security: Canada s Defence Policy at the turn of the Century. Ch 1: Canada in the World Order Era. Purchase DMS. Roy Rempel. Dreamland: How Canada s Pretend Foreign Policy Has Undermined Sovereignty. Kingston: McGill Queen s Press, Ch 2: An Ideological Policy and Its Consequences & Ch3: The Myth of Canada as a Global Power. Purchase DMS. Michael Rostek, et al. Towards Army 2040: Exploring Key Dimensions of the Global Environment. Claxton Paper 14. Kingston, Defence Management Studies Program, Purchase DMS. MPA833 Page 3 of 10

4 26 September Military Culture Dr. Allan English Guest Lecturer People, as military leaders are fond of saying, are our most important resource for national defence. However, military people are expensive, require special training and care, and are subject to unique laws, regulations, and stresses that demand careful attention if the most important resource is to be ready and able in times of crisis and war. Military literature is replete with references to soldiers as a class set aside from society for special purposes. This session will explore the policy implications of this concept especially in the Canadian context. Allan English, Understanding Military Culture, Chapter 5, pp : available at Donna Winslow, Chapter 1, "Canadian Society and its Army," in Towards the Brave New World: Canada's Army in the 21st Century, pp 1 22: available at Women and Leadership in the Canadian Forces, Karen Davis. Chapter7: From Ocean Ops to Combat Ops: A Short History of Women and Leadership in the Canadian Forces 8: Gender and Leadership in the Canadian Forces Combat Arms: Perspectives of Women Leaders: Available at acd.forces.gc.ca/cfli ilfc/doc/womenandleadershipinthecf eng.pdf. 3 October Background to Canadian Defence Policy & Organization During the first section of this session we will review defence acronyms and organization. In the second section we will discuss how Canadians find defence policy and how that search is influenced by history, myth, and realities as seen from different perspectives. We shall also review the broad history of Canadian defence administration to address the question: How did we get to where we are now? The review will expose some of the continuing difficulties in defence management in Canada and the ideas and approaches to solving them that have been tried in past years by different governments and departmental administrations. Douglas Bland and Sean Maloney. Campaigns for International Security: Canada s Defence Policy at the turn of the Century. Kingston: McGill Queen s University Press, Ch. 2: Finding a Defence Policy & Ch 3: Canada s Way in Warfare. Purchase DMS. Review Canadian Defence Organization and Assistant Deputy Minister (Policy) webpage at eng.html MPA833 Page 4 of 10

5 Conference of Defence Associations Institute, Understanding the Crisis in Canadian Security and Defence, Ottawa, March Full text online at through Stouffer Library under Canadian Public Policy Collection: Roy Rempel. Dreamland: How Canada s Pretend Foreign Policy Has Undermined Sovereignty. Kingston: McGill Queen s Press, Ch 1: Ballistic Missile Defence and the Drifty Towards Protectorate Status. Purchase DMS. 10 October No Class (Thanksgiving) 17 October The Defence Budgeting Process Guest Lecturer: Colonel Ross Fetterly The Department of National Defence, like other departments of government, is obliged to follow certain management systems and regulations established by the central agencies. The department, therefore, has developed a specific way to understand its policy obligations, to allocate resources, to inform employees and members of the Canadian Forces of the goals and procedures used in the department, and to inform ministers and parliament on its needs and achievements. We will review this system in detail and discuss it strengths and weaknesses. Douglas Bland and Sean Maloney. Campaigns for International Security: Canada s Defence Policy at the turn of the Century. Kingston: McGill Queen s University Press, Ch 5: Budgeting for National Defence in the 1990s. Purchase DMS. Brian MacDonald, The Canada First Defence Strategy of 2008 and the 20 Year Defence Budget: Available at cdai.ca/cda/uploads/cda/2009/03/budget2008_2.pdf. Brian MacDonald, Budget 2011: Restraining Growth in Defence Spending : Available at e%20spending.pdf Claxton Papers # 9: Accrual Accounting and Budgeting in Defence, Purchase DMS. MPA833 Page 5 of 10

6 24 October Managing Change within DND It has been argued that DND and the CF have undergone continuous change since Unification owing to the impact forces of change in today s global environment such as globalization, rapid scientific and technological innovation, shifting power balances, demographic shifts, resource scarcities, weak and failed states, growing significance of non state actors, and prominence of identity based conflict. It is for that reason that the focus of this session is on how the Canadian Forces (CF) changes in an increasingly complex and dynamic security environment. This session will commence with some very basic, yet fundamental, aspects of managing change. This will be followed by issues that are specific to change management in the public sector and in particular DND and the CF. Finally, a review of the four most prominent change initiatives since 1970 Unification, the Management Review Group (MRG), the Management Command and Control Re engineering Team (MCCRT) and CF Transformation will be undertaken in an attempt to highlight that instituting change in large organizations portends prospects of both promise and peril. Craig Stone, ed., (2009). The Public Management of Defence in Canada. Chapter 9: Managing Change within DND. Purchase DMS. Michael Rostek, A Framework for Fundamental Change: The Management Command and Control Re engineering Initiative : Available at Rune Todnem By, Organizational Change Management: A Critical Review, Journal of Change Management, Vol. 5, No. 4, December 2005: Available through Stouffer Library e journals. Douglas Bland, ed. Canada's National Defence, Volume 2: Defence Organization. Kingston: School of Policy Studies, Queen's University, Purchase DMS. Mark Hughes, The Tools and Techniques of Change Management, Journal of Change Management, Vol. 7, No. 1, March 2007: 39. Available through Stouffer Library e journals. John Kotter and Dan S. Cohen, The Heart of Change, (Boston: Harvard Business School, 2002). Available in Stouffer Library. Standing Senate Committee on National Security and Defence: Reports: For an Extra $130 Bucks (2002) and Managing Turmoil. (November 2006). 1&comm_id=76 MPA833 Page 6 of 10

7 31 October Comprehensive Approach Visit: Canadian Land Force Command and Staff College Canadian Forces (CF) acknowledgement of the need to practice a more coordinated and holistic approach to operations is ever more evident and also pressing. Accordingly, DND leadership both civilian and military1 is increasingly calling for the adoption of a force that takes a comprehensive approach to operations. Such a force would employ diplomatic, defence, development, and commercial resources, aligned with those of numerous other agencies, coordinated through an integrated campaign plan, and then applied in areas of operations as needed. The result would be greater mission effectiveness. The students will visit the Land Staff College in Kingston and participate in a presentation and syndicate discussion on the Comprehensive Approach. In addition, the end product of defence policy is operational capabilities. These capabilities are composed of equipment, logistical support, command systems, but most importantly by trained people. This session will also provide the opportunity for students to exchange views on with experienced field soldiers concerning capabilities and support of the CF. Leslie, A., Gizewski, P., and Rostek, M. (2008). Developing a comprehensive approach to Canadian Forces operations. Canadian Military Journal, 9, Available at: leslie eng.asp Gizewski, P., and Rostek, M. (2007). Toward a JIMP capable Land Force. Canadian Army Journal, 10(1), Available at: Rostek, M. and Gizewski, P. (2011). Security Operations in the 21 st Century: Canadian Perspectives on the Comprehensive Approach. 24 October The Oversight of National Defence What the armed forces do and how they do it are critically important to Canadians. Not only do the Canadian Forces consume vast amounts of money, but they are charged with the national defence of Canada. However, in a liberal democracy the leaders of the armed forces are unconditionally accountable to the people through their elected representatives. But how are ordinary Canadians to supervise experts and to direct complex managerial and operations functions? This crucial question is the topic for discussion in this session. MPA833 Page 7 of 10

8 Douglas Bland and Roy Rempel. A Vigilant Parliament: Building Competence for Effective Parliamentary Oversight of National Defence and the Canadian Armed Forces. irpp Policy Matters Vol 5, No. 1, February Available at Report of the Inquiry into the Deployment of the Canadian Forces to Somalia, Chapter 44: A Vigilant Parliament,. Available at: Executive Summary. Roy Rempel. The Chatterbox: An Insider s Account of the Irrelevance of Parliament in the Making of Canadian Foreign and Defence Policy. Toronto: Dundurn, Chapter 7: 14 November Human Resource Management (HRM) Guest Lecturer TBC. People have always been central to organizations however today, they take on an even more central role in the face of growing complexity and uncertainty in global affairs. This equally true in both the private and pubic sectors and for the Canadian Forces, operational capability is ultimately derived from its people. Aside from the considerations of health, compensation, employment and training, there are essential longer term issues such as professional development and career paths, personnel tempo, family considerations, ensuring a steady succession of trained professional motivated personnel, and a commitment to properly care for those who are injured in the service of Canada, and the families of those who make the ultimate sacrifice. Further, the Canadian Forces cannot perform its role without the support of our committed and professional civilian workforce. Together our military and civilian personnel form a Defence Team which is a solid and thriving reality not an abstract concept. As such, HRM and this session will explore how human resources are managed in order to ensure the Canada retains its operational capability. Craig Stone, ed.,(2009). The Public Management of Defence in Canada. Chapter 7: Becoming Employer of Choice: Human Resource Challenges within DND and the CF. Purchase DMS. Douglas Bland, Canada without Armed Forces, Chapter 3: The Personnel Crisis. Available at ADM(HR Mil), Department of National Defence, (2002). Military HR Strategy 2020: Facing the People Challenges of the Future. Available at: MPA833 Page 8 of 10

9 Monica Belcourt, et al. Managing Human Resources. Forth Canadian Edition. Toronto: International Thomson Publishing, Chapter 1: The World of Human Resource Management. Available at Stouffer Library. Scan Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat webpage: Human Resources Management at: sct.gc.ca/chro dprh/hrh eng.asp. 21 November Force Development Framework The Force Development framework is comprised of an integrated process that is used by the Canadian Forces to determine the kinds of capabilities they will require in the years to come. This process, with an emphasis on capabilities based planning (CBP), is designed to be deliberate, coherent and logical in order to move away from what has often been a reactive force development process requiring immediate and often costly action. Key components of the force development framework include future security analysis, capability planning and management, strategic capability roadmap the defence services program (DSP). This session will focus on future security analysis, capability planning and management, and defence procurement. Andrew Godefroy, Chasing the Silver Bullet: The Evolution of Capability Development in the Canadian Army. Available at CFD Handbook Capabilities Based Planning. Handout. Army Strategic Decision Making Handbook. Handout. Craig Stone, ed., (2009). The Public Management of Defence in Canada, Chapter 5: Defence Procurement and the Need for Disciplined Capital Investment. Purchase DMS. Creating an Acquisition Model That Delivers, CDAI. Available at: Alan S. Williams. Reinventing Defence Procurement in Canada: A View from the Inside. Toronto: Breakout Education Network, Forward and Chapter 1: Defence Procurement: Separating Myth from Fact. Purchase DMS MPA833 Page 9 of 10

10 28 November The Canadian Forces in the Community Visit: CFB Kingston/Conversation with Base Commander Colonel Stephen Cadden The Canadian Forces are not always visible to most Canadians, but they have a direct and indirect influence on many people outside the armed forces and the DND. For example, defence spending provides jobs and supports industries across the country. The most obvious relationship is that between the Canadian Forces and local military bases. This session will explore the many dimensions of the Canadian Forces in the community and may involve a visit to CFB Kingston. Making Sense Out of Dollars Available at: Course Requirements Students will be graded on: Active participation in seminars and leadership of defence management discussion topic (20%); Book review (5 pages) due at mid course, no later than midnight 10 October (30%). Book will be issued to students; and Written policy paper (15 pages) on a defence management issue (50%). The written assignment will be issued mid course. MPA833 Page 10 of 10

ROYAL CANADIAN AIR CADETS PROFICIENCY LEVEL TWO INSTRUCTIONAL GUIDE SECTION 3 EO M RECOGNIZE THE ROLE AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE LOCAL SPONSOR

ROYAL CANADIAN AIR CADETS PROFICIENCY LEVEL TWO INSTRUCTIONAL GUIDE SECTION 3 EO M207.03 RECOGNIZE THE ROLE AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE LOCAL SPONSOR Total Time: 30 min PREPARATION PRE-LESSON INSTRUCTIONS