SANTA CRUZ COUNTY REGIONAL OCCUPATIONAL PROGRAM MEDICAL OCCUPATIONS PROGRAM

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1 SANTA CRUZ COUNTY REGIONAL OCCUPATIONAL PROGRAM MEDICAL OCCUPATIONS PROGRAM CBEDS Title: Medical Assistant CBEDS Number: 4242 Career Path: Home, Health & Recreation Course Description: This course is an introduction for high school students to scientific concepts, theories and skills development in the health care setting. The course extends one school year, and will be coordinated through Dominican Hospital, Watsonville Hospital, and Sutter Hospital. Students will participate in a combination of interactive classroom instruction, skills practice and actual clinical rotations in the hospital and clinical setting; i.e. laboratory, medical management, radiology, medical records, medical/surgical, birthing centers, ICU, CCU, emergency room and pediatrics. Curriculum will provide student with a global view of today s healthcare environment while exposing them to potential career opportunities and future options for career advancement and higher education. Job Titles: Job Title DOT codes Hospital Registrar Hospital Unit Secretary Hospital Admitting Clerk Receptionist in medical office, laboratories or alternative medicine offices Medical Records Clerk Pharmacy Assistant Prerequisites: Health clearance; Two-Step PPD; Proof of two MMR s; 2.5 GPA Highly recommended: Hepatitis B series COURSE OUTLINE Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to demonstrate the following skills necessary for employment or further education and training: I. Career Preparation Standards (Note: additional hours for Career Preparation Standards are integrated into instruction in Hours Classroom 20 Hours Intern

2 content area standards). A. Understand how personal skill development--including positive attitude, honesty, self-confidence, time management, and other positive traits--affect employability. 1. Demonstrate an understanding of classroom policies and procedures. 2. Define business ethics and explain the importance of ethical standards in the business environment. 3. Discuss the laws that apply to sexual harassment and discuss tactics for handling harassment situations. 4 Discuss importance of personal skills in a business environment i.e. positive attitude, self-confidence, honesty, perseverance, self-discipline. 5. Define personal hygiene and identify acceptable business attire for the industry. 6. Prioritize tasks and meet deadlines. B. Understand principles of effective interpersonal skills, conflict resolution and negotiation. 1. Discuss and demonstrate the dynamics of conflict resolution and negotiation and their importance within the business environment. 2. Work cooperatively, share responsibilities, accept supervision and assume leadership roles. 3. Demonstrate cooperative working relationships and prepare etiquette across gender and cultural groups. C. Understand the importance of good academic skills, critical thinking and problem-solving skills in the workplace. 1. Recognize the importance of good reading, writing, math, and keyboarding skills in the business environment and implement a plan for self-improvement as needed. 2. Apply estimation, measurement and calculation skills to business applications, including whole number math, decimals and fractions, counting and monetary function and use of tables as appropriate to industry. 3. Read, write and give directions. 4. Exhibit critical and creative thinking skills and logical reasoning skills. 5. Recognize problem situations; identify, locate and organize needed information or data; and propose, evaluate and select from alternative solutions. D. Understand principles of effective communication. 1. Read and implement written instructions, technical manuals, written communication and reference books. 2

3 2. Present a positive image through verbal and nonverbal communication through use of appropriate methods. 3. Demonstrate proper etiquette in business communications, including an awareness of requisites for international communications (i.e. customs, time zones) 4. Demonstrate writing/editing skills i.e. write, proofread, and edit business correspondence, use correct grammar, punctuation, capitalization, vocabulary and spelling and select appropriate forms of technology for communication. E. Understand occupational safety issues, including avoidance of physical hazards 1. Discuss and implement good safety practices, including avoidance and reporting of physical hazards in the work environment, safe operation of equipment and proper handling of hazardous material. 2. Apply sound ergonomic principles in organizing one s workspace. F. Understand career paths and strategies for obtaining employment 1. Explore career opportunities and projected trends, investigate required education, training and experience, and develop and individual education plan. 2. Identify steps for setting goals and writing personal goals and objectives. 3. Examine aptitudes related to career options; relate personal characteristics and interests to educational and occupational opportunities. 4. Develop job acquisition documents, including job application, resume, appropriate cover and follow-up correspondence and portfolio. 5. Identify and demonstrate effective interviewing techniques. G. Understand and adapt to changing technology. 1. Identify and demonstrate use of computer hardware and peripherals. 2. Identify and explain use of computer software. 3. Identify and use operating systems. 4. Input and retrieve information. 5. Understand the importance of lifelong learning in adapting to changing technology. H. Understand the role of health care facilities. 1. Describe types of health care facilities. 2. Analyze government agencies and services. 3

4 3. Describe nonprofit agencies and services. 4. Compare health insurance plans. 5. Explain the purpose of organizational structures in health care facilities. 6. Differentiate between early beliefs about the cause of disease and treatment and current beliefs about disease and treatment. 7. Identify major events in the history of health care. 8. Identify current trends or changes in health care. 9. Define, pronounce, and spell all key terms. I. Describe careers in health care. 1. Compare the educational requirements for associate s, bachelor s, and master s degrees. 2. Contrast certification, registration, and licensure. 3. Describe different health careers by definitions of the career, duties, educational requirements and employment opportunities. 4. Investigate at least one health career from listed sources requesting additional information on the career. 5. Compare and match twenty-seven medical specialties. 6. Explore careers in hospital administration. 7. Explore careers in mental and social services. 8. Explore careers in mortuary services. 9. Explore careers in nursing. 10. Explore careers in therapeutic services. 11. Explore careers in nutrition and dietary services. 12. Explore careers in vision service. 13. Explore careers in veterinary field. 14. Interpret abbreviations used to identify health occupations workers. 15. Define, pronounce and spell all of the key terms. J. Understand personal qualities of a health care worker. 1. Create a characteristic profile of a health care worker; include personal/professional traits or attitudes. 2. Explain how diet, rest, exercise, good posture and avoiding tobacco, alcohol, and drugs contribute to good health. 3. Demonstrate the standards of a professional appearance as they apply to uniforms, clothing, shoes, nails, hair, jewelry and makeup. 4. Define, pronounce and spell all of the key terms. II. Health Care Systems A. Explain legal and ethical responsibilities. 6 4

5 1. Provide examples of situations that might result in legal action of each of the following: malpractice; negligence; assault and battery; invasion of privacy; false imprisonment; abuse; and defamation. 2. Describe how contract laws affect health care. 3. Define privileged communications and explain how they apply to health care. 4. State the legal regulations that apply to health care records. 5. List basic rules of ethics for health care personnel. 6. List rights of the patient who is receiving health care. 7. Justify professional standards by explaining how they help meet legal/ethical requirements. 8. Define Advance Directives for health care. 9. Define health professional standards and legal responsibilities. 10. Define, pronounce and spell all of the key terms. B. Define medical terminology Identify basic medical abbreviations selected from a standard list 2. Define prefixes, suffixes, and word roots selected from standard list 3. Spell and pronounce medical terms correctly 4. Define, pronounce, and spell all of the key terms. C. Demonstrate knowledge of Anatomy and Physiology. 1. Define the basic structure of the human body. 4 a. Label and diagram main parts of a cell. b. Describe the basic function of each part of a cell. c. Compare the four main types of tissue. d. Describe the basic function of each tissue type. 2. Understand body planes, directions and cavities. 4 a. On a diagram of the three planes of the body, label the names of the planes and the directional terms related to these planes. b. Label a diagram of the main body cavities. c. Identify the main organs located in each body cavity. d. Locate the nine abdominal regions. 3. Recognize the Integumentary System. 4 a. Label a diagram of a cross section of the skin. b. Differentiate between the two types of skin glands. c. List the function of the integumentary system. d. Provide the correct names for abnormal colors of the skin and identify the cause of each abnormal color. e. Describe skin eruptions. 5

6 f. Describe diseases of the integumentary system. 4. Demonstrate knowledge of the skeletal system. 4 a. List the function of the skeletal system. b. Label the main parts of a long bone. c. Name the two divisions of the skeletal system. d. Name the main groups of bones in each division. e. Identify the main bones of the skeleton. f. Compare the three classifications of joints. g. Give examples of each joint classification. h. Describe the major diseases of the skeletal. i. Define, pronounce and spell the key terms. 5. Define the muscular system. 4 a. Compare the three main kinds of muscle action. b. Differentiate between voluntary and involuntary muscle. c. List the functions of the muscular system. d. Label major muscles. e. Describe the major diseases of the muscular system f. Define, pronounce, and spell key terms. 6. Define the nervous system. 4 a. Identify the four main parts of a neuron. b. Name the two main divisions of the nervous system. c. Describe the function of each of the five main parts of the brain. d. Explain the functions of the spinal cord. e. Name the meninges. f. Describe the circulation and function of cerebrospinal fluid. g. Contrast the actions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. h. Describe the major diseases of the nervous system. i. Define, pronounce and spell all key terms 7. Describe the special senses. 4 a. Identify five special senses. b. Label the major parts on a diagram of the eye. c. Trace the pathway of light rays as they pass thorough the eye. d. Label the major parts on a diagram of the ear. e. Explain how the ear helps maintain balance and equilibrium. f. State the location of the main taste receptors. g. List general senses located throughout the body. h. Describe the major diseases of the eye, ear and nose. i. Define, pronounce and spell all key terms. 6

7 8. Define the circulatory system. 4 a. Label the layers, chamber, valves and major blood vessels of the heart. b. Differentiate between systole and diastole by explaining what happens in the heart during each phase. c. List the cardiac cycle. d. List the conductive pathway. e. Define blood composition. f. List major types of blood vessels and the action of each type. g. Compare the three main types of blood cells by describing the function of each. h. Describe the diseases of the circulatory system. i. List special procedures for the circulatory system. j. Define, pronounce and spell al of the key items. 9. Discuss the lymphatic system. 4 a. Explain the function of lymphatic vessels. b. List the functions of the lymph nodes. c. Identify lymphatic ducts and the areas of the body that each drains. d. List the functions of the spleen. e. Describe the function of the thymus. f. Describe the major diseases of the lymphatic system. g. Define, pronounce and spell key terms 10. Describe the respiratory system. 4 a. Label diagram of the respiratory system. b. List the functions of the nasal cavity. c. Identify the three sections of the pharynx. d. Explain how the larynx creates sound and speech. e. Describe the functions of the epiglottis. f. Compare the processes of inspiration and expiration, including the muscle action that occurs during each process. g. Differentiate between external and internal respiration. h. Describe major diseases of the respiratory system. i. Define, pronounce and spell key terms. 11. Define the digestive system. 4 a. Label major organs of the digestive system. b. Identify the organs in the mouth that aid in initial breakdown of food. c. Cite functions of the salivary glands. d. Describe how the gastric juices act on food. 7

8 e. Explain how food is absorbed into the body by the villi in the small intestine. f. List major functions of the large intestine. g. List major functions of the liver. h. Explain how the pancreas helps digest foods. i. Describe major diseases of the digestive system. j. Define, pronounce and spell all key terms. 12. Demonstrate knowledge of the urinary system. 4 a. Label urinary system. b. Explain the action of the following parts of a nephron: glomerulus, Bowman s capsule, convoluted tubule, and collection tubule. c. State the functions of the ureter, bladder and urethra. d. Explain why the urethra is different in males and females. e. Interpret terms used to describe conditions affecting urination. f. Describe major diseases of the urinary system. g. Define, pronounce and spell all key terms. 13. Describe the endocrine system. 4 a. Label main endocrine glands. b. Describe how hormones influence various body functions. c. List which glands produce what hormones. d. Describe major diseases of all endocrine glands. e. Define, pronounce and spell all key terms. 14. Demonstrate knowledge of the reproductive system. 4 a. Label male reproductive system. b. Trace pathway of sperm from where they are produced to where they are expelled. c. Identify organs of the male reproductive system. d. Explain how male reproductive system secretes fluids added to semen. e. Label female reproductive system. f. Describe how an ovum is released. g. Explain the action of the endometrium. h. Describe how the female reproductive system works. i. Define signs and symptoms of sexually transmitted diseases for both male and female reproductive system. j. Explain breast self-examination. k. Describe major diseases of both male and female reproductive systems. l. Define, pronounce and spell all key terms. 8

9 D. Demonstrate knowledge of human growth and development. 1. Define life stages. 4 a. Identify the seven main life stages. b. Identify physical, mental, emotional and social developments that occur during each of the seven main life stages. c. Explain the causes and treatments for eating disorders and chemical abuse. d. Identify methods used to prevent suicide and list common warning signs. e. Recognize ways that life stages affect an individual s needs. 2. Demonstrate knowledge of death and dying process. 4 a. Describe the five stages of grieving that occur in the dying patient. b. Describe the role of the health care worker in the five stages of a dying patient. c. List purposes of hospice care and justify the right to die. 2. Describe human needs. 4 a. Explain Maslow s Hierarchy of Needs. b. Create examples for each of Maslow s Hierarchy of needs. c. Describe methods people use to meet or satisfy needs. d. Describe a situation that shows the use of each of the following defense mechanisms: rationalization, projection, displacement, compensation, daydreaming, repression, suppression, denial and withdrawal. 3. Demonstrate effective communications. a. Identify four factors that interfere with communication. b. Explain the importance of listening, nonverbal behavior, reporting and recording in the communication process. c. Define, pronounce and spell all key terms. E. Understand cultural diversity Explain culture, ethnicity and race. a. List four basic characteristics of culture. b. Differentiate between culture, ethnicity and race. c. Identify some of the major ethnic groups in the United States. d. Provide an example of acculturation in the United States. 2. Recognize bias, prejudice, and stereotyping. 9

10 a. Create an example of how a bias, prejudice or stereotype can cause a barrier to effective relationships with others. b. Describe at least five ways to avoid bias, prejudice and stereotyping. c. Differentiate between a nuclear family and an extended family. 3. Demonstrate understanding of cultural diversity. a. Identify ways in which language, personal space, touching, eye contact and gestures are affected by cultural diversity. b. Compare and contrast the diverse health beliefs of different ethnic/cultural groups. 4. Demonstrate respect for cultural diversity. a. List ways health care providers can show respect for an individual s religious beliefs. b. Identify methods that can be used to show respect for cultural diversity. c. Define, pronounce and spell key terms. F. Understand the needs of geriatric care Recognize the myths of aging. a. Differentiate between myths and facts of the various aspects of aging. 2. Describe the physical changes of aging. a. Identify the major physical changes in each body system. b. Demonstrate at least ten methods of providing care to the elderly person who is experiencing physical changes of aging. 3. Describe psychosocial changes of aging. a. List factors that cause psychosocial changes of aging. b. Describe methods to assist an elderly individual in adjusting to psychosocial changes. 4. Understand confusion and disorientation. a. Recognize the causes and effects of confusion and disorientation in the elderly. b. Create a reality orientation program. 5. Demonstrate meeting the needs of the elderly. a. Justify the importance of respecting cultural and religious differences. b. Explain the role of an ombudsman. G. Demonstrate knowledge of good nutrition and diets. 1. Demonstrate knowledge of the fundamentals of nutrition. 10

11 a. Describe how nutrition plays a role in determining health. b. List what major diseases or conditions can occur. 2. Recognize the essential nutrients. a. List essential nutrients. b. List vitamins and best sources. c. Describe functions of each essential vitamin. 3. Understand the utilization of nutrients. a. Diagram and list the processes of digestion and absorption. b. Define metabolism and measuring food energy. 4. Demonstrate maintenance of good nutrition. a. Define the five major food groups. b. List the nutrient content of each food in the food groups. c. Create a menu utilizing the five major food groups. 5. Define therapeutic diets. a. Define eating disorders. b. Name, describe and explain the purposes of the ten therapeutic diets. H. Describe the role of computers in health care Identify the three major components of a computer system. 2. Compare and contrast computer capabilities and limitations. 3. Describe computer applications currently being used in today s health care computer systems. 4. Define, pronounce and spell key terms. I. Demonstrate the promotion of safety Understand the use of body mechanics. a. Define the term body mechanics. b. Use correct body mechanics while performing procedures in the laboratory or clinical area. 2. Demonstrate knowledge of accident and injury prevention. a. Observe all safety standards established by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), especially the Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals Standard and the Bloodborne Pathogen Standard. b. Follow safety regulations stated in the information sections while performing in the laboratory area. c. Observe all regulations for patient safety while performing procedures on a student partner in the laboratory or clinical area or on a patient in any area. 11

12 3. Observe fire safety. a. List the four main classes of fire extinguishers. b. Relate each class of fire extinguisher to the specific fire (s) for which it is used. c. Simulate the operation of a fire extinguisher. d. Locate and describe the operation of the nearest fire alarm. e. Set up detailed evacuation plan for a laboratory area according to policy. J. Demonstrate knowledge of infection control Demonstrate principles of infection control. a. Identify five classes of microorganisms. b. Describe the characteristics of each class. c. List the six components of the chain of infection. 2. Demonstrate effective hand washing techniques. a. Wash hands according to recommended aseptic technique. b. Demonstrate procedure for surgical aseptic technique. 3. Observe standard precautions. a. Define personal protective equipment. b. Describe how bloodborne pathogens are transmitted. c. Compare Hepatitis virus to human immunodeficiency virus. d. Define standard or universal precautions. e. List standard equipment used for universal precautions. 4. Demonstrate sterilizing with an autoclave. a. Differentiate between antisepsis, disinfection and sterilization. b. Operate autoclave with accuracy and safety. c. Wash, wrap, and autoclave instruments, linen, and equipment. d. Follow basic principles on using chemicals for disinfection. 5. Demonstrate the use of sterile techniques. a. Open sterile packages without contaminating the contents. b. Preparing a sterile dressing tray. c. Don sterile gloves without contaminating the gloves. d. Change a sterile dressing without contaminating the materials. e. Don and remove an isolation mask, gloves, and gown. f. Relate specific basic tasks to care for a patient in an isolation unit. 12

13 g. Define, pronounce and spell key terms. K. Demonstrate obtaining vital signs List the four main vital signs. 2. List all pulse sites on the body. 3. Prepare graph for TPR. 4. Convert Fahrenheit temperatures to Celsius and back. 5. Read a clinical thermometer to the nearest two-tenths of a degree. 6. Measure and record oral temperature accurately. 7. Measure and record axillary temperature accurately. 8. Measure and record tympanic temperature accurately. 9. Measure and record radial pulse to an accuracy within +/- 2 beats per minute. 10. Measure and record respirations. 11. Measure and record blood pressure to an accuracy within =/- 2mm of actual mercury reading. 12. State normal range for all forms of temperature, pulse, respirations, systolic pressure and diastolic pressure. L. Demonstrate knowledge of First Aid Demonstrate cardiopulmonary resuscitation for oneperson rescue, two-person rescue, infants, children and obstructed airway victims. 2. Describe first aid for: a. bleeding and wounds b. shock c. poisoning d. burns e. heat exposure f. cold exposure g. bone and joint injuries, including fractures h. specific injuries to the eyes, head, nose, ears, chest, abdomen, and genital organs i. sudden illness including heart attack, stroke, fainting, convulsions, and diabetic reaction. 3. Apply dressing and bandages. 4. Apply splinting bandages using circular, spiral, figure-eight and recurrent wraps. 5. Define, pronounce and spell key terms. M. Demonstrate preparation for the world of work Identify job keeping skills. 2. Explain why employers consider the skills essential. 3. Write a letter of application containing all required information and using correct form for letters. 13

14 4. Prepare a resume containing all necessary information and meeting standards for neatness and correctness. 5. Complete a job application form that meets standards of neatness and correctness. 6. Demonstrate how to participate in a job interview, including wearing correct dress and meeting standards established in this unit. 7. Calculate an accurate budget for a one month period, accounting for fixed expenses and variable expenses without exceeding net monthly income. 8. Define, pronounce and spell key items. N. Demonstrate laboratory assistant skills Operate a microscope and identify its parts. 2. Obtain a culture specimen without contaminating it. 3. Streak an agar plate or slide. 4. Stain a bacterial slide using the Gram s stain technique. 5. Perform a microhematocrit. 6. Perform a hemoglobin. 7. Count white blood cells and red blood cells using a hemacytometer counting chamber. 8. Prepare and stain a blood smear using Wright s stain. 9. Test blood for type and Rh factors using anti-serums. 10. Perform an erythrocyte sedimentation rate. 11. Measure blood sugar level. 12. Test urine using a reagent strip. 13. Measure specific gravity of urine. 14. Prepare urine for sedimentation examination. 15. Demonstrate proper use of centrifuge for urine and blood specimens. 16. Define, pronounce and spell key terms. O. Demonstrate medical assistant skills Measure and record height and weight of infants and adults 2. Identify the following position for exams: horizontal recumbent prone sims knee-chest fowler s lithotomy dorsal recumbent trendelenburg jackknife 14

15 3. Position and properly drape a patient in the proper position for an exam. 4. Use a Snellen chart to screen for vision. 5. Use Ishihara color plates to determine color blindness. 6. Prepare for and assist with an eye, ear, nose and throat exam. 7. Prepare for and assist with a gynecological exam. 8. Prepare for and assist with a general physical exam. 9. Set up a minor surgery tray without contamination. 10. Set up a suture removal tray without contamination. 11. Demonstrate proper placement for EKG electrodes and complete 12 lead EKG. 12. Record and mount an electrocardiogram. 13. Use the (PDR) Physicians Desk Reference to find information about drugs. 14. Identify methods of drug administration. 15. Demonstrate drug conversions and metric and household conversions. 16. Define, pronounce and spell key terms. P. Demonstrate nurse assistant skills Admit, transfer or discharge a patient, demonstrating proper care of patient s belongings. 2. Position a patient in correct alignment and with no bony prominences exposed. 3. Move and turn a patient in bed, using correct body mechanics. 4. Perform the following transfer techniques (using correct body mechanics): wheelchair, chair and stretcher. 5. Collect urine and stool specimen. 6. Administer oxygen with an oxygen mask, nasal cannula or tent. 7. Define, pronounce and spell key terms. Q. Demonstrate physical therapy skills Perform range-of-motion (ROM) exercises on all body joints, observing all safety precautions. 2. Ambulate a patient using a transfer belt. 3. Check the correct measurements of patients for canes, crutches and walkers. 4. Ambulate a patient using the following: crutch gaits-four point, three paint and two point, swing to, swing through. 5. Ambulate a patient using cane. 6. Ambulate a patient using a walker. 7. Apply an ice bag or ice collar, observing all safety precautions. 15

16 8. Apply a warm-water bag, observing all safety precautions. 9. Apply a moist compress, observing all safety precautions. R. Demonstrate business and accounting skills File records using both the alphabetical and numerical systems. 2. Utilize correct telephone techniques while using a business telephone. 3. Schedule appointments using a standard appointment ledger. 4. Complete registration and history records. 5. Compose and print letters of consultation, collection, appointment, recall and inquiry. 6. Complete basic insurance forms accurately, neatly and thoroughly. 7. Maintain a bookkeeping system. 8. Write checks, deposit slips and receipts. 9. Define, pronounce and spell all key terms. Maximum hours of instruction: Classroom 180 Internship 40 Note: Internship or work based learning hours will vary in number and area of concentration within the scope of the course outline, depending upon community training site, interest and skill level of each student. Instructional Strategies: Lecture, simulations, guest speakers, field trips, role play, demonstration, lab, applied practice. Instructional Materials: DIVERSIFIED HEALTH OCCUPATIONS 5 th Ed., Simmers ISBN and Workbook ISBN , Delmar Printers Articulation: UC A-G: This class is approved for credit at High School/s. Academic Credit: 5 Science 5 Applied Arts Industry/licensing requirement met: Certificates: Course completion certificate attached. Competencies should match major sections of the course outline. 16

17 Revised: 12/6/02 17