Nicaragua. Community-based healthcare project Canadian Red Cross via the Ste-Justine Hospital Presented by Joanne Moreau, Nurse, BSc April 2006

Transcription

1 Nicaragua Community-based healthcare project Canadian Red Cross via the Ste-Justine Hospital Presented by Joanne Moreau, Nurse, BSc April 2006

2 Nicaragua The territory of Nicaragua covers an area of 148,000 square kilometres, over which some 5,400,000 people are spread. Population in 2010: 6,377,000 inhabitants. The country is literally divided in two by a chain of volcanoes following a Southeast / Northwest axis. Nicaragua is still one of the poorest countries in the Americas.

3 Nicaragua 62% have no electricity and only 26% have toilets! 44% of the population have less than $1 a day to live. 17% of the population have no access to healthcare services. 47% have no potable water. In Canada, people have a life expectancy of 77.4 years, but in Nicaragua, due to their situation, it is only 68.7 years. There are 4 nurses and 1 dentist per 10,000 inhabitants. There is one television set per 1,000 inhabitants.

4 Nicaragua Nicaragua has a multiethnic population. Several cultures and traditions co-exist in the same country. The population in the West is a result of the intermixing of Aboriginal populations from Central America and Spanish conquerors, whereas the population in the East is made up of Miskitos, Sumos, Ramas, Criollos and Garifonos. ( Intermixed (Aboriginals / Whites) 77%, Whites 10%, Blacks 9%, Aboriginals 4% )

5 Nicaragua Demographics in Nicaragua Population: 5,465,100 (July 2005 est.) of which 53% are less than 18 years old Age pyramid: 0-14 years: 37.2% (boys 1,036,487; girls 999,226) years: 59.7% (men 1,623,065; women 1,638,017) 65 years and over: 3.1% (men 73,935; women 94,370) Mortality: 4.49 deaths / 1,000 inhabitants (2005 est.)

6 Nicaragua Natality: births / 1,000 inhabitants (2005 est.) ( 4.3 children / woman ) Fertility: 2.81 children / woman (2005 est.) A rich woman: 4.9 children A poor woman: 7 children Infant mortality: deaths / 1,000 births F: deaths / 1,000 births (2005 est.) M: 32.6 deaths / 1,000 births

7 Nicaragua Child mortality (0-5 years) Nicaragua: 78,000 children dead from diarrhea, respiratory infections and malnutrition. Canada: 7,000 children 16 out of 1,000 women die in childbirth because they are too young, from malnutrition, or through lack of a physician. And 5 children die every day of malnutrition. 23% of married women use contraceptives.

8 Nicaragua Life expectancy at birth Total population: years M: years F: years (2005 est.) Religions: Roman Catholics 85%, Protestants 15% Languages: Spanish (official) note: English and Aboriginal languages on the Atlantic Coast

9 Nicaragua Official name: Nicaragua Canada Official name: Nicaragua Canada Capital: Population Population density (per sq. km) Urban population (%-2003) Gross national income (per inhabitant) Parity of purchasing power (per inhabitant) Managua 5.6 (2004) 43 (2004) USD (2003) 2,400 USD (2003) Ottawa 32.0 (2004) 3 (2004) 80 23,930 USD (2003) 29,740 USD (2003) GDP structure % (2003) Agriculture Industry Services Life expectancy at birth Mortality rate < 5 years /1,000 Adult literacy rate ( ) years (1960) 70 years (2003) 193 (1960) 38 (2003) Total: 77 Men: 77 Women: years (1960) 79 years (2003) 33 (1960) 6 (2003) Total: 99 Men: 99 Women: 99

10 Nicaragua Managua, the capital of Nicaragua Population: 1,125,000 inhabitants (22.8% of total population) live there. There are 15 shantytowns spread over the territory of Managua. They divide the city here and there, highlighting the differences between the rich and the poor. The differences between the well-off and the impoverished are very visible.

11 Tipitapa Esteli La Trinidad Locations Health stations: 7 Health centres: 3 Casa base (Home base): 40 Sites

12 Tipitapa Yuri Ordonez health station Physicians: 2 Nurses or auxiliaries: 1 Promoters: 23 Children under the age of 2 years: 328 Children of 2 to 4 years old: 353 Casas Base: 9

13 Tipitapa Noel Morales health station Physicians: 2 Nurses or auxiliaries: 2 Promoters: 6 Children under the age of 2 years: 69 Children of 2 to 4 years old: 67 Casas Base: 2

14 Esteli Oscar Gamez health station Physicians: 2 Nurses or auxiliaries: 3 Promoters: 21 Children under the age of 2 years: 290 Children of 2 to 4 years old: 450 Casas Base: 7

15 Esteli El Rosario health station Physicians: 2 Nurses or auxiliaries: 3 Promoters: 15 Children under the age of 2 years: 400 Children of 2 to 4 years old: 1,200 Casas Base: 6

16 La Trinidad Chaquite Blanco health station Physicians: 0 Nurses or auxiliaries: 1 Promoters: 20 Children under the age of 2 years: 56 Children of 2 to 4 years old: 90 Casas Base: 7

17 La Trinidad San Francisco health station Physicians: 0 Nurses or auxiliaries: 1 Promoters: 23 Children under the age of 2 years: 99 Children of 2 to 4 years old: 158 Casas Base: 3

18 La Trinidad Llano Largo health station Physicians: 0 Nurses or auxiliaries: 1 Promoters: 13 Children under the age of 2 years: 42 Children of 2 to 4 years old: 45 Casas Base: 2

19 La Trinidad Health centre Physicians: 4 Nurses or auxiliaries: 2 Promoters: 30 Children under the age of 2 years: 125 Children of 2 to 4 years old: 180 Casas Base: 4

20 June 2004: Evaluation of healthcare needs ( 3 weeks ) October 2004: Training programs and donations ( 3 weeks ) 2 nurses (16 courses in 3 weeks) 1 physician ( 3 courses in 1 week ) April 2005: Delegation visit and donations ( 1 week ) Mr C Sauvé: General Director of the Canadian Red Cross Ms M Dionne: Funding Manager Mr Mario Dionne: President Lawyer Mr Richard Poirier: Bodyguard Ms Joanne Moreau: Nurse, BSc, CHSJ (Ste- Justine Hospital Centre) June 2005: Final evaluation of October 2004 ( training received in Oct ) Donation of equipment necessary vs evaluation of needs ( 3 weeks )

21 The training sessions Hand washing * Anti-bacterial soap * Lamp Full examination of women * Breast examination * Pap test * Leopold maneuver * Fetal doppler * Blood glucose monitor * Urine sticks ( proteins )

22 The training sessions The relationship of help between professionals and clients * Communication * Confidentiality * Relationship of help ( workshops and exercises ) * Empathy Family planning * Folic acid * Various contraceptive methods, advantages and disadvantages ( condom ) STIs * HIV / AIDS, Hepatitis A, B and C * Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, Syphilis, Trichomonas, Genital Herpes and Condyloma

23 The training sessions Psychosocial support of the client * Postpartum depression ( the signs, the symptoms and the interventions ) * The loss of a baby Training * Basic techniques ( how to conduct training ) * Learning principles, general information, relationship between trainer and student * Individual differences ( personalities ) * Learning objectives, emotions, defence mechanisms

24 Conclusion This project has been a success Health professionals apply the training they have received We have improved the quality of healthcare Service rendered to the community Will there be a Phase 2 of the project???