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6 )%5X I ha T $ " `C\X *\<% "\ \1 OX! West Field \1 )\7 G]% " B+ -1 >+! *+ )\+ J\+" -2 c\ J\C% "\]!\1 G] B-= "3 CX " K% -3 %!1 *(" _#.(36) 1 G% v. ) " = 7 1 e\!\-<= 7 *\" 1 " C@T!1!=% 1 O< " " WK\+ )\#W!\1 )\%* G% " _ `C\X (9) p2a% J1 `CX PI%" (9 26) I" (9 36) ck\+ \+ J\C c )#W (9) (G<2% "\ " GK%,01 ( ) "C% = */<\ ( )!\W U \@;B _# )\#W (27) *7\ k )#W (27) G% S %. "+ (27) G%!C% W "1" v. _ %0)/, -. ).!1 " "$ _#!@ *+01 I3 G% " \0. \1,] gt /!C= ) y1" " _\ " ) \ \ 1,!1 m< ) _#! 7 U / + C1!1!=%!\" "\ *\a1 : 1! *-. *+.+1* )!\1 \%*\ \ "'$ :d% \G\% J\ y\%!\1 *1\ " \ \!\ 1 ) )&"! 1.< m<!@ *+01 I3 c $7 " *<% "!C%! * ) + \1 "*\C!\T1" *\+01 \\I3 \!\" \\I3.(37) " \!\" " )" <% "\P!\1!\ " 7\ \ W 7 *<%!1!@ *+01 )\" "\ m\+& \ 7 *\I % >+ <.!\@ I3!" 1 yi% p2a% *<!\1!\=%!\@ *+01 I3 *I 7 *.+1* gt\ J\1 */< "<,&-B!) I3,% J\1 J\ ".\+1*\ (\ \!" `-a \+ \ J\< \G\% Opie \!W jip \G\% " `\-a )\22a J1 PI%".+1 `CX \!\+" \C3 7 *%X K 1 J<!+" J1 h\u \+ \n \p\2a% * 1 % 1 )(( \ \ *\f % 1 J< "3 _ 7 *f.\ " \3 :d\% \$% " G% v. J1!W U y1"! \+1 >3\U " J< e1 *7 <U Jn< G\K *7\ c\ $f " " G% v. J1.(6) \+1!+ = ] c v. " 1" 1 J\< G% v.!w U '!C=! m ).!1.\\ q" " *%\\K " \\k7" \\ \\ )22a J1 "3 G0B% " %*!W U '!C= \1 G\% \v..\+1 \n )"\<1 )\22a J1 *7 \@!\1 \ J\< :; )\#W \(G<\2% `C\X p\2a% `C\X PI%" \G% " "C% =.(9) " ck+ + JC c \1 *C\ )\.!\1 %*!W U 1 ƒi%" " 7.(14) \ >\<. _a1 \: *<% " G% " I{ y1" Cashman \!W jip *<% " *a1 : e / \@;B _# " " GK%,01 )"< Wiles!\K(!\1!\ "\P!\1 Z(27) \+1*!W U ~2 " e J (36) West Field (35) Robison \v. )\ " W K%!W U "C% #%" \%*\!\ >\. "\0b ) /.+! + & G% :\ \ pa\ 7\!\= >\ \1 " G%!C% "W U 7 _1 _# _# "C% G% S % */< )\#W \%H"&\1 *7\ " \ y\% \v. 1 GU!C\% \ W "\1" \v. _\ *7\ \k.(27) G% 71

7 6" '%' &>? \1!.\+ *\" -*\+01 \)7\ " )\" \1, \ 7\<% \0= " *\<] &"! 1!\1. \(,\ *\ \1 yi% " " *\a1j\1 \\@CW ) \ " " "] \_\a1 \ "\< \1 *v# 3!B+ 1"\ )\ \##$%. '\ "f 1 yi% *\<-. "'( +! 1 (G<2% 1. ' "f,] " *<% " I01 0= " * G " 7 *,7h 1 )(B >0\B% "!C@T J, *<" 1! <U.< % < _\# */\< )\!\@&!\1 *+01 S3 G% j\ P 7!\@ *\+01 \\I3!C\% " \-.(18) "!C= )" _a1 1 */< " "\ )" +01!I+ #W >h 7 * \( \"\<1 5 _a1 :!" gt\ "!J J.1 *<% " 1 d% ("\!\1 \1 \+ = *<" "P!1!I+ `-a "!C= " * JI-P ).!1 +01 JT1" \ m\+&!\ 1. k B( = (G<2% " *<% "!1!=% 1 &= & O=",] " 3 1 /. (*< *%-<. u$f "P!1,7h \,\] " *\<% " CX I01 "]!1 \/!=% m" % gtf m ).!1 0% )!1 ) \ 1 *-<. (" "&( 1 1 ) l-t : References 1. Ahmadvand A, Akbari ME. Health system refroms: A guide for equity and efficiency. Tehran, Iran: Ebn-Sina Cultutal Corporation; [In Persian]. 2. Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MOHME), Health in 5 th development plan, Tehran: MOHME, [In Persian]. 3. McPherson CM, McGibbon EA. Rural interprofessional primary health care team development and sustainability: establishing a research agenda. Primary Health Care Research & Development 2010; 11(4): Poulton BC, West MA. Effective multidisciplinary teamwork in primary health care. J Adv Nurs 1993; 18(6): Sands RG. "Can you overlap here?": A question for an interdisciplinary team. Discourse Processes 1993; 16(4): Opie A. Effective team work in health care: a review of issues discussed in recent research literature. Health Care Anal 1997; 5(1): Xyrichis A, Ream E. Teamwork: a concept analysis. J Adv Nurs 2008; 61(2): Heinemann GD, Zeiss AM. Team performance in health care: assessment and development. New York, NY: Springer Science & Business Media; Salt CC. The interdisciplinary team in geriatric rehabilitation. Journal of Gerontological Social Work 1992; 18(1-2): Barnard D. The viability of the concept of a primary health care team: a view from the medical humanities. Soc Sci Med 1987; 25(6): Grumbach K, Bodenheimer T. Can health care teams improve primary care practice? JAMA 2004; 291(10): Health manpower requirements for the achievement of health for all by the year 2000 through primary health care. Report of a WHO Expert Committee. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser 1985; 717: Huffman MC. Family physicians and the health care team. Can Fam Physician 1993; 39: Xyrichis A, Lowton K. What fosters or prevents interprofessional teamworking in primary and community care? A literature review. Int J Nurs Stud 2008; 45(1): Leggat SG. Effective healthcare teams require effective team members: defining teamwork competencies. BMC Health Serv Res 2007; 7: McCallin A. Interprofessional practice: learning how to collaborate. Contemp Nurse 2005; 20(1): Fulop T, Roemer MI. International development of health manpower policy. WHO Offset Publ 1982; 61:

8 )%5X I ha T $ 18. Van Lerberghe W. The World Health Report 2008: Primary Health Care: Now More Than Ever. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; van WC. Teamwork. Lancet 1994; 344(8932): Firth-Cozens J. Celebrating teamwork. Qual Health Care 1998; 7(Suppl): S3-S Liu CM, Chien CW, Chou P, Liu JH, Chen VT, Wei J, et al. An analysis of job satisfaction among physician assistants in Taiwan. Health Policy 2005; 73(1): Lindner JR. Understanding employee motivation. Extension Journal 1998; 36(3). 23. Poulton BC, West MA. The determinants of effectiveness in primary health care teams. Journal of Interprofessional Care Jan 1999; 13(1): Molyneux J. Interprofessional teamworking: what makes teams work well? J Interprof Care 2001; 15(1): Rutherford J, Mcarthur M. A qualitative account of the factors affecting team-learning in primary care. Education for Primary Care 2004; 15(3): Borrill C, West M, Shapiro D, Rees A. Team working and effectiveness in health care. British Journal of Healthcare Management 2000; 6(8): Cashman S, Reidy P, Cody K, Lemay C. Developing and measuring progress toward collaborative, integrated, interdisciplinary health care teams. J Interprof Care 2004; 18(2): West MA, Markiewicz L. Building team-based working: a practical guide to organizational transformation. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley; Hackman JR. Groups that work (and those that don't): creating conditions for effective teamwork. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass; Tannenbaum SI, Beard RL, Salas E. Team building and its influence on team effectiveness: An examination of conceptual and empirical developments. In: Kelley L, editor. Issues, theory, and research in industrial/organizational psychology. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; p Hallett Ch, Birchall E. Coordination and child protection: a review of the literature. London, UK: H.M. Stationery Office; Dieleman SL, Farris KB, Feeny D, Johnson JA, Tsuyuki RT, Brilliant S. Primary health care teams: team members' perceptions of the collaborative process. J Interprof Care 2004; 18(1): Cook G, Gerrish K, Clarke C. Decision-making in teams: issues arising from two UK evaluations. J Interprof Care 2001; 15(2): Antoniadis A, Videlock JL. In search of teamwork: A transactional approach to team functioning. Infant-Toddler Intervention: The Transdisciplinary Journal 1991; 5: Wiles R, Robison J. Teamwork in primary care: the views and experiences of nurses, midwives and health visitors. J Adv Nurs 1994; 20(2): Field R, West M. Teamwork in primary health care. 2. Perspectives from practices. Journal of Interprofessional Care 1995; 9(2): Tourani T, Yazdi Feizabadi V, Gohari M. A study on empowerment atmosphere in relation with empowerment perception on Kerman teaching hospital's personals. J Health Adm 2008; 11(31): [In Persian]. 73

9 6" '%' &>? Health Team in Primary Health Care: Facilitators and Inhibitors of the Effective Function (Review Article) Vahid Yazdi Feyzabadi 1, Mina Ansari 2, Mostafa Amini Rarani 3, Ahmad Naghibzadeh Tahami 4, Alireza Heidari 5 Review Article Abstract Introduction: Primary health care (PHC) plays a central role in health system reforms of countries across the world, particularly developing countries. PHC teams are considered as one of the key principals for developing these services. This study aimed to identify the facilitators and inhibitors of the effective function of these teams. Method: The current study was a review article, in which relevant articles were extracted from credible databases and studied. Foreign and domestic databases were searched using suitable keywords about effective facilitators and inhibitors of the health team function. The results were presented in descriptive tables after careful investigation and specified classifications. Results: Most important facilitators of the effective function of PHC teams were: clear goals, presence of administrative and clinical systems, labor division, geographical proximity, training, effective communication, conflict solution, integration, participation, job attraction and satisfaction, workplace, career, empathy, professional size and mix, stability, organizational support, encouragement for innovation, regular meetings, performance evaluation system and feedback, competition, leadership, and mutual trust. Furthermore, the most important inhibitators of health teams effective function were: inefficient leadership, poor communication, poor decision making, ambiguous goals, destructive conflict, unclear roles, inharmonious team mix, inappropriate rewarding mechanisms, and insufficient knowledge of team members. Discussion and Conclusion: Planning workshops, public empowerment, and promoting intersectoral collaboration with emphasis on facilitators and inhibitators of teams effective function are suggested in order to improve team work in the health sector. Keywords: Health team, Primary health care, Facilitator, Inhibitor, Effective function, Continuous care Citation: Yazdi Feyzabadi V, Ansari M, Amini Rarani M, Naghibzadeh Tahami Y, Heidari A. Health Team in Primary Health Care: Facilitators and Inhibitors of the Effective Function (Review Article). J Manage Med Inform Sch 2014; 2(1): Received: Accepted: PhD Candidate of Health Policy, Research Center for Health Services Management, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran AND Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2- MSc of Health Services Management, Research Center for Modeling in Health, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran 3- PhD Candidate of Health Policy, Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 4- Msc of Epidemiology, Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran 5- PhD Candidate of Health Policy, Health Management and Social Development Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran (Corresponding author) Addrees: Health Management and Social Development Research Center, End of Golbarg 1 Alley, Golha St, Gorgan, Iran Tel: heidari_ar_2000@yahoo.com 74

What fosters or prevents interprofessional teamworking in primary and community care? A literature review

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