LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE OF NURSING STUDENTS TOWARD DISASTER MANAGEMENT

LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE OF NURSING STUDENTS TOWARD DISASTER MANAGEMENT 1 Aan Nuraeni, 2 Anastasia Anna, 3 Ristina Mirwanti 1,2,3 Faculty of Nursing Padjadjaran University Jl. Raya Bandung Sumedang KM 21 Sumedang, West Java - Indonesia Email: aan.nuraeni@fkep.unpad.ac.id ABSTRACT Indonesia is a country with a high number of disasters. This condition requires the readiness of community so that it s impact can be diminished. Nursing students are one of the community groups that can play an active role in the disaster management program. However, it is not yet known how the nursing students knowledge and attitude on disaster management efforts, notably in Bandung. The research aimed to identify attitudes, knowledge and the relation between attitude and knowledge about disaster management in nursing students in Bandung. The research method used descriptive quantitative correlative with 76 respondents (1% error degree) were taken by accidental sampling. The variables was measured by questionaire. The knowledge and attitude were analized using descriptive analysis that was frequency and median, while the identification of attitude and knowledge relationship used spearman rank test. The results showed that the students' knowledge was in the category of moderate (27.6%) and low (72.4%), whereas attitude was categorized good, with median 56. (min-max: 45-66), and there was no relation between knowledge and attitude of student toward disaster management (p =,27). Low knowledge occured due to lack of provision of information on disaster management. While, a good attitude allowed the conduct of disaster management actions by respondents. So that, low knowledge needs to be improved to encourage appropriate disaster management action. Keywords : attitude, disaster management, knowledge, nursing, student I. Introduction volcanoes and 23 tidal waves and Indonesia is the country with the level of risk and insecurity high disaster (Maryani, 212). Various kinds of disasters occur in Indonesia such as earthquakes, tsunamis, others.the impact of this disaster brought about 522 people died and went missing, 3.5 million people evacuate, as well as damage to homes and other public facilities floods, landslides, forest fires, in large numbers transportation disasters and volcanoes. The High insecurity Indonesia against disasters have a devastating impact and enormous harm to society. Disasters also inflict great casualties. Based on data obtained from BBC Indonesia (216), During 216 there were 766 floods, 612 landslides, 669 tornadoes, 74 flood and landslide combinations, 178 forest and land fires, 13 earthquakes, 7 disaster and the magnitude of the impact brought about by the disaster cause the necessity of community preparedness in the face of various disasters. Communities must be aware and able to play an active role in efforts to reduce the impact of disasters. Disaster management in Indonesia is still not a priority, so it is reasonable if the 1

casualties and property losses due to disasters is still high (Handayani, 211). Understanding of disaster management needs to be owned by all circles including the government, the public or private parties. One important part of the community which can play an active role in disaster relief is a student. Students are agents of change. The understanding and attitude towards the disaster response by the student expected to encourage their role in disaster mitigation improvement efforts in the community. Nursing students can play a major role in disaster mitigation especially with regard to health. In order that students can give a good role in the disaster relief effort, students need to have an understanding or a good attitude toward catastrophe management. In addition a positive attitude towards the disaster relief effort was influenced by a person s involvement in disaster response and disaster-related education (Ahayalimudin, Ismail, & Saiboon, 212). Partly nursing students in Faculty of Nursing Unpad has participated in disaster relief activities. Yet, the level of knowledge and attitude toward disaster management is not known. The level of knowledge and attitude of nursing students toward disaster management need to be known. This is part of the evaluation that can be used for planning future disaster management efforts involving students. This study e of this study was to identify students knowledge and attitude as well as to identify the relationship of knowledge and attitudes of students to disaster management. II. Method The study used descriptive correlational analysis method. The population was students grade 3 and 4 of Faculty of Nursing Unpad with the number of 3 students. The sampling technique used accidental sampling which conducted for a week. It was obtained 76 respondents. The data were collected using questionnaires which filled out by respondents. Knowledge was analyzed by calculating knowledge score of each respondent, then the score is categorized into low category (4 55), moderate category (56 75), and high category (76 1) and subsequently it s frequency distribution was calculated. The attitudes variable were analyzed using median, it categorized good (positive) if the median value greater than 42.5 and bad (negative) if the median less than 42.5. And the correlation between students' knowledge and attitude toward disaster management was analyzed using rank-spearman test. III. Results The students who became respondents was nursing students grade 3 and 4, composed of students who followed the extracurricular activities related to the granting of health assistance to the community (47.37%) and students who didn t follow those activities (52.63%). Here is shown the research results include the level of knowledge and attitude as well as a description of the relation of knowledge and attitude of students towards disaster management. 2

TABLE I. LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE OF NURSING STUDENTS TOWARD DISASTER MANAGEMENT Level of Knowledge Frequency Percent Cumulative% Low Moderate High 55 21 72.4 27.6 72.4 1 Based on table I, it can be seen that level of knowledge of nursing students towards disaster management mostly existed in the low category and small part was in the moderate category. TABLE II. NURSING STUDENTS ATTITUDE TOWARD DISASTER MANAGEMENT Variable Attitude toward disaster management Mean(SD) Median Min-max 56.58(±4.75) 56. 45 66 Tabel II showed the attitude of the students towards disaster management had a median of 56.58, This value is higher when compared to the median of the instrument that is 42.5, this means that the attitude of the students are in the category of good (positive). TABLE III. CORRELATION BETWEEN NURSING STUDENTS KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE TOWARD DISASTER MANAGEMENT Knowledge Attitude Variables Significance (p).27 Coeffisien correlation (r).147 Tabel III showed that there was no relationship between the knowledge and attitude of nursing students towards disaster management as seen from the p value more than.5. IV. Discussion Based on the result, the attitude of nursing students toward disaster management is not in accordance with the level of nursing students knowledge. This showed that the earlier theory that states that a positive attitude will be supported by a good knowledge, not found in this study. The mindset and attitudes of students nowadays has changed. Caring attitude of students on a community that was once represented by action demontrations on the street, now it s been turned into social action on the disaster-stricken communities. Students think that disaster always comes unexpectedly and require many resources to do the evacuation and rescue. Students willing to abandon their studies to help the evacuation and help provide treatment for the victims. Students also 3

helped record the victims in addition helps to eliminate the devastating disaster trauma to the children. They are also willing to hep disaster victims by way of collecting funds from others, or come to the residents houses to collect clothing and foods or drinks. A positive attitude of students towards the handling of this disaster is only based on a sense of caring to help communities that were weak due to disasters, not because of the level of their knowledge of disaster management, because they have not gained knowledge about disaster management. Information about disaster management is only obtained by them by autodidact through various sources. In accordance with Lenawida, (211) who conducted the research in Banda Aceh that attitudes is the most dominant factor which determined one s capability to deal with the earthquake in Aceh compared to family knowledge and support. Positive attitudes shown by students can also be derived from the direct experiences involved in disaster relief and rehabilitation activities. As previously stated that some of the students in this study were involved in the extracurricular activities related to the granting of health assistance to the community. So as the student s attitude support disaster management activities. Nurul Ain Ahayalimudin and Osman, (216) stated that positive attitude toward disaster management can be derived from direct experience in disaster management effort. Knowledge of disaster management is important, because it can encourage people to get involved in disaster relief (Ahmed, Ahmad, & Zakaria, 216), although the prior research mentioned that attitude is the most dominant factor in disaster management effort. In addition, according to Arain (215), the decision to undertake appropriate disaster management actions during rescue, relief and rehabilitation is highly dependent on knowledge-based systems. Knowledge of disaster management is required to make the appropiate decision and disaster management efforts. Thus, efforts to increase knowledge of disaster management in nursing students need to be improved through education and disaster management training. The lack of knowledge based on this research is on disaster prevention / pre disaster. V. Conclusion Nursing students' knowledge on disaster management is low however they have a positive attitude towards disaster management. A positive attitude allows one to undertake disaster relief. Yet, to take appropriate action required good knowledge. Thus, based on this study education or training on disaster management efforts is required for nursing students. Acknowledgment Acknowledgment is granted to Universitas Padjadjaran which has provided support to this activity through priority PPM grants. References Ahayalimudin, N., Ismail, A., & Saiboon, I. (212). Disaster management: a study on knowledge, attitude and practice of emergency nurse and community health nurse. BMC Public Health, 12(Suppl 2), A3. http://doi.org/1.1186/1471-2458-12- S2-A3 Ahayalimudin, N., & Osman, N. N. S. (216). 4

Disaster management: Emergency nursing and medical personnel s knowledge, attitude and practices of the East Coast region hospitals of Malaysia. Australasian Emergency Nursing Journal, 19(4), 23 29. http://doi.org/1.116/j.aenj.216.8. 1 AHMED, Y. A. L. I., AHMAD, M. N., & ZAKARIA, N. O. R. H. (216). TOWARDS EXPLORING FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE SOCIAL MEDIA-BASED KNOWLEDGE SHARING INTENTIONS IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT. Journal of Theoretical & Applied Information Technology, 88(3), 487 498. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.asp x?direct=true&db=egs&an=116683355 &site=ehost-live Arain, F. (215). Knowledge-based Approach for Sustainable Disaster Management: Empowering Emergency Response Management Team. Procedia Engineering, 118, 232 239. Retrieved from http://1..3.248/j.proeng.215.8.42 2 Handayani, R. (211). Analisis Partisipasi Masyarakat Dan Peran Pemerintah Daerah Dalam Pelaksanaan Manajemen Bencana di Kabupaten Serang Provinsi Banten. Simposium Nasional Otonomi Daerah, 27 214. Retrieved from http://download.portalgaruda.org/arti cle.php?article=491&val=425 Lenawida. (211). Pengaruh pengetahuan, sikap, dan dukungan anggota keluarga terhadap kesiapsiagaan rumah tangga Dalam menghadapi bencana gempa bumi di desa Deyah raya kecamatan Syiah Kuala Kota Banda Aceh. Unversitas Sumatera Utara. 5